MI Platov, ataman: biography, inzala, i-Cossacks i-Plamanv Matvey Ivanovich

Enye yezona zibalo ezithandekayo kwiMfazwe yePatriotic ye-1812 nguMatvei Platov, u-manamanamzana empi yamaDon Cossacks. Wayengumntu onomdla kwaye onomdla. Ukongeza kwiMfazwe yasePatricia, kwezinye iindibano ezininzi zathatha inxaxheba kuPlatov. I-biography yale ndoda iya kuba yintloko yesingxoxo.

Ulutsha

Ixesha elizayo u-Mataman Ivanovich Platov wazalelwa ngo-Agasti 1751 eKrkkassk, okwakunjalo kwinqanaba le-Don Army. Uyise, u-Ivan Fedorovich, wayengumnini we-Cossack, kunye nonina, u-Anna Illarionovna (owazalwa ngo-1733), wayeyinkwenkwe yokwenene yobomi bomyeni wakhe.

Ukongeza kuMatvey, intsapho yayinezingane ezintathu, bonke abesilisa: uAndreya, uStefan noPetros.

Yiyiphi into ezayo kwikomkhulu uMnu Platov ukhetha, akungabaza. Ngokuqinisekileyo, unyana kaCossack wayengakwazi ukuba yiCosack kuphela.

Ngeminyaka eli-15, uMatvei wajoyina iKhansela ye-Don Army, ngelixa enesigqeba somphathi. Emva kweminyaka emithathu wathola isikhundla esilandelayo - umphathi.

Nangona kunjalo, uPlatov wazibonakalisa engumntu owayejongene naliphi na ishishini.

Kwiimfazwe

Ixesha elizayo umaman Matvey Platov wathatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe yaseRussia-Turkish ka-1768-1774. Ngomnyaka ka-1771, wathatha inxaxheba ekuhlaselweni komgca wePelekop noKinburn, apho wayezihlukanisile kakuhle. Ngomnyaka kamva wayesele ephathiswe ngumyalelo we-regiment ye-Don Army. Ngomnyaka we-1774 uMatvei Ivanovich waya kwinqanaba laseCaucasian, apho wayithatha inxaxheba ekunciphiseni ukuvukela kweentaba zaseKuban, ezazixhasa uMbuso wase-Ottoman.

Emva kweMfazwe yaseRussia-Turkish ngo-1775, uMnu Platov uthathe inxaxheba ekunqandeni ukuvukela kukaPugachev. Ngeli xesha lilandelayo wabuyela eNyakatho Caucasus, apho kwiminyaka ka-1782-1784 walwa novukelo lweLezgins, iNogais kunye neChechens.

Kwimfazwe elandelayo yaseRussia-eTurkey (1787-1791 gg.) UPlatov wathatha umsebenzi osebenza kakhulu. Ngokuthatha inxaxheba, kukho iziphepho ezinqaba njengeOchakov (1788), uAckerman (1789), iBender (1789), i-Izmail (1790). Ngomnyaka we-1789 naye walwa ebudeni bempi yaseRashiya ekulweni kufuphi neKaushan.

Ukuzimela kwakhe kwimimandla yasemkhosini akuzange kubonwe. Ukususela ngo-1790 uPlatov - ataman weChuguev kunye ne-Ekaterinoslav Regiments, kwaye ngo-1793 wathola isikhundla se-Major-General.

Ngomnyaka we-1796 uMatvei Ivanovich uthathe inxaxheba kumkhankaso wePersi, okwakususwa kamva.

Opal

MI Platov wayengesiye yedwa owaziyo uvuyo. U-Ataman wayekrokrelwa nguKumkani uPaul ngenjongo yokulwa naye aze athunjelwe eKostroma. Kwathi ngo-1797. Emva kwithuba elithile watshintshelwa kuPetros noPaul Fortress, oko kwakuthetha ukugqithiswa okukhulu kwecala.

U-Opala Platov wahlala kude kube ngowe-1801, xa uPawulos wanquma ukumkhulula ejele ukuze loo mdlali athathe inxaxheba kumkhankaso weNdiya. Nangona kunjalo, ukungena kwesi sicwangciso, kunye nokufa komlawuli, akazange avume ukuba icebo lokuziphatheka.

Kwintloko yentolongo kaDon

Unyana kaPawulos uAlesandria I, owathi emva kokufa kukayise waba umbusi waseRussia, wamxhasa uMatvey Ivanovich. Ukususela ngo-1801, uPlatov - ataman we-Don Army. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukususela kuloo mzuzu waba yinkokeli ye-Don Cossacks yonke. Ukongeza, uMatvei Ivanovich waphakanyiswa ukuba yiLieutenant-General.

Isithuba esitsha esinikezelwa kwinqanaba elongezelelekileyo loxanduva kumlawuli kunye nombuso. Kakade, umthwalo wemfanelo unokuphulaphula nawuphi na umntu, kodwa uPlatov wayengenguye loo mntu. U-Ataman wabuyela kwakhona i-Don Army, isakhiwo apho kude kube yilapho singacwangciswanga. Ukongeza, ngo-1805 uPlatov wasungula inkunzi entsha ye-Don Cossacks - iNovocherkassk.

Imfazwe yokulwa neNapoleon

I-Cossacks i-Plamanv, ekhokelwa ngumlawuli wayo, yathatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe ye-Fourth Coalition neNapoleon. Ukulwa kwenzeka ikakhulu kwimimandla yoBukumkani bukaPrussia.

UPlatov wayezimelele ngokuzimela kwakhe kwi-Battle of Preussisch-Eylau, emva koko wafumana udumo lwehlabathi. I-Cossacks yakhe yayisebenza ngokusesikweni kwimfazwe yeso sihlandlo, eyayikuphazamisa intshaba. Basebenzisa amaqhinga okulwa nemfazwe, bahlasele ngokukhawuleza kwiintshaba kunye nokumenza umonakalo omkhulu.

Emva kokusayinwa kweTilsit isivumelwano soxolo phakathi kweRashiya kunye neFransi ngo-1807, uNapoleon ngokwakhe wayezibonela ngokufanelekileyo kwePlatov. Wamnika ibhokisi lebhokisi elixabisekileyo. Kwakhona, uMyalelo weLegion of Respect wawuza kuhanjiswa uPlatov. U-Ataman wenqaba ukuhlonipha loo nto, ephikisa ukuba ayikwazi ukukhonza umlawuli wamanye amazwe.

Enye yeenkampani ezibalulekileyo zelo xesha kufuneka zibizwa ngokuba yimfazwe yaseRashiya-eTurkey ye-1806-1812, apho i-Cossack iqela lePlatov liphumelele. Ngaloo xesha wathola isikhundla esitsha - jikelele kwiihashe.

Imfazwe yasePatriotic

Kodwa inkalo enkulu kwi-biography yePlatov yashiya iMfazwe yamaPatriotic ye-1812 kunye neNapoleon.

Ekuqaleni kokuhlasela kweNapoleonic, uPlatov wayala ngokucacileyo onke amabutho aseCossack, kodwa ke imeko yayimphoqa ukuba aqhube amaqela ahlukeneyo. Kanye njengalowo uphulo oludlulileyo olubhekiselele kuNapoleon, izenzo zeCosacks zasePlatov, ngenxa yokungazelelwe kwazo, zazisa iingxaki ezininzi kwiintshaba. Kwakungumsebenzi wePlatov owaphumelela ekuthinjeni i-colonel yaseFransi, kunye nokuthatha amaphepha abalulekileyo kaGeneral Sebastiani.

Imfazwe yokuqala eyimpumelelo ngokumelene ne-Napoleonic ibutho uPlatov wasebenzisa ngoJuni ngaphantsi kwidolophana yase Mir, apho wawayisa khona inqaba yeGeneral Rozhnetsky. Emva kwemfazwe yaseSaltykovka, ii-Cossacks zikhusele ukuhamba kweGeneral Bagration, kwaye emva kweMfazwe yaseSmolensk, iPlatov yayicinga umyalelo womkhosi wonke wamajoni aseRussia, owaqhubeka ebuyela.

Kodwa kungekudala imeko yatshintsha. Ngo-Agasti, kwisibongozo phambi komlawuli wenkosi-nqununu yeBarlaylay de Toli, uPlatov wagxothwa emkhosini. Ngokutsho kwamaphepha asemthethweni, "ngenxa yokungazi." Kodwa, ngokwemiqathango egunyazisiweyo, isizathu esisisiseko sokususwa kwePlatov kwakungenxa yokuthanda kwakhe utywala.

Nangona kunjalo, uPlatov wabuya wabuya wabamba iqhaza empini yaseBorodino, kunye nebhunga laseFilipi. Kwaye kule ntlanganiso wathetha ngokuchasene nokufuduka eMoscow.

Xa umkhosi waseNapoleon waqala ukushiya iRashiya, yayinguPlatov owayekhokela intshutshiso. Njengoko iinkokeli zikholelwa, iiyunithi zayo ezihambahambayo zingenza umonakalo omkhulu kulutshaba.

Uhambo lwangaphandle kunye nomfanekiso weCosacks kwiinkcubeko zaseYurophu

Amaqela kaPlatov, ngelo xesha ngenxa yokufumana isihloko soBalo, bephakathi kweyokuqala ukuwela imida yolawulo lwaseRashiya esuka kwiNeman kwaye baqalisa ukuphinda baxoshe umkhosi waseNapoleon esele ngaphandle kwelizwe. Baqala ukuvinjelwa kweDanzig, apho uMgcini McDonald wayehleli khona.

Emva kokuba u-Ataman M. Platov wayekho kwiKomkhulu likaKumkani, nangona amaqela e-Cossack aqhubeka nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo ekuphandeleni intshaba. Ngamanye amaxesha uMatvei Ivanovich wayeyalelwe ukuba alawule iiyunithi ezihlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, wayekhokela iyunithi kwimfazwe yaseLeipzig, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Battle of Peoples.

Amaqela e-Cossack adlula eYurophu, eFransi ngokwawo, apho uNapoleon wasayina khona ukuzinikela. I-Cossacks i-Platov ukubonakala kwayo, kunye nomgangatho ophantsi wokuqeqeshwa kunomkhosi oqhelekileyo, ungangothuki nje kuphela imikhosi yintshaba, kodwa nabo baseYurophu abaqhelekileyo. Emva kolu phulo, umfanekiso weRussia Cossack waba yi-Archetypal kwintlalo yaseYurophu.

Ukufa

UMatvei Platov wasweleka ngoJanuwari 1818, kwidolophana kufuphi neTaganrog, kwisizwe sakhe saseDon, eneminyaka engama-66. Ngoko ayizange ibe yinto ebalulekileyo kakhulu kwimbali ye-Don Cossacks.

Ukungcwatywa kwePlatov ekuqaleni kwaseNovocherkassk, kodwa emva koko kwalandelwa uchungechunge lokuvuselelwa. Ingcwaba le-ataman lachithwa yiBolsheviks. Ekugqibeleni, ngo-1993, i-remains of Matvey Platov yangcwatyelwa kwindawo enye.

Intsapho kunye nenzalo

UMatvey Platov wayeqhatywe kabini. Umtshato wokuqala wadibana noNadezhda Stepanovna Efremova, owayengumzukulu ka-Ataman we-Don Army. Kulo mtshato ngo-1777, unyana kaIvan wazalelwa, kodwa ke, wafa emva kwe-1806, ngaphambi kokuba afe uyise. Kungekudala emva kokuzalwa kwonyana wakhe, ngo-1783, uNadezhda Stepanovna wasweleka.

Umtshato wesibini wePlatov wawudibaniswe noMarfa Dmitrievna Martynova, ukuba ngubani lowo umtshato wesibini. Kwakhona wavela kwintsapho yaseCossack yabadala. Babenamadodana amabini (uMatvei no-Ivan) kunye neentombi ezine (uMarta, uAna, uMaria, uAlexandra).

UMarfa Dmitrievna wasweleka ekupheleni kwe-1812. Emva kwalokhu uMnu. Platov wayehlala nomtshato womtshato kunye nomxholo waseBrithani u-Elizabeth.

Inzala ka-Ataman Platov ngoonyana bakhe uMatvey no-Ivan banesidima sabantu.

Iimpawu ze-Ataman

U-Ataman Platov wayengumntu othakazelisayo, owanika inkonzo eninzi kwi-Motherland. Ubuqhawe bakhe, ngokuqinisekileyo, ngumzekelo kwenzalo. Kwakhona kunzima ukuphazamisa umrhumo weMatvey Ivanovich ekumisweni kwamandla emfazwe enamandla ngokwenene evela kwi-Don Cossacks engavumelekanga, eyoyikisayo intshaba.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, njengaye nawuphi na umntu, i-attaman engummangaliso yayineentsilelo zakhe. Kubo, umzekelo, unokuqwalaselwa ngokugqithiseleyo ukutshaya kotywala. Kodwa ke, iimpawu zayo ezintle zanqoba kakhulu.

Njengoko sibona, enye yezinto eziphawulekayo ngexesha lakhe yi-Ataman Platov. Isithombeni sakhe, ngelishwa, ayifumanekanga, kuba ekuqaleni kweXIX yeXesenti ubugcisa bokufotwa kwezithombe kwakungakaziwa kwihlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, kuninzi inani elikhulu lee-portraits, ezenziwa ngabaculi abanetalente, abasinika ithuba lokucinga ngomfanekiso womntu omkhulu.

Enye yale mi sebenzi ipapotiv posthumous yePlatov eyenziwa ngumculi odumile waseNgesi welo xesha uGeorge Doe. Lo mfanekiso ulapha ngentla. Ukuqwalasela iimpawu zangaphandle zomntu osityinwe kuso, u-Ataman Platov wayengumntu onqabileyo kwaye onamandla. Siyabulela kwimisebenzi enjalo, sinokubona ukuba yintoni eyona nto ibalulekileyo yamanani eembali zexesha elidlulileyo.