MA Bulgakov "Intliziyo Dog": isincoko kwi kwimveliso

Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama amathandathu "Intliziyo Dog" elindele ukuba umfundi. EJamani England, ibali yashicilelwa kwi 60s ekuqaleni ', ngexesha elifanayo yiSoviet Union kuphela "samizdat" akwazi ukufunda yezo zinethamsanqa abangafundanga. Kwaba kuphela ngo-1987, umsebenzi yapapashwa magazini "Banner", kunye nonyaka kamva nxiba kwiskrini Vladimirom Bortko. Ngowe-1925 wabhala i MA Bulgakov "Intliziyo Dog", isincoko, apho nangoku ilawula ezingqondweni ityhila intsingiselo oko kwenzeka eRashiya ngaloo minyaka.

Asinto isikolo Bulgakov

Le program enyanzelekileyo kwiincwadi imfundo yamabanga kuquka imisebenzi ezimbini ngulo umbhali: "Intliziyo Dog" yaye "Mfundisi noMargarita". Njengoko unyana ka unjingalwazi wezakwalizwi kunye umzukulwana nababingeleli, umbhali ngamnye indalo yakhe wabeka imiqondiso yonqulo, wenza icebo multilayered. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto ixesha ngalinye HIVukufumanisa into entsha ulifunde iincwadi zakhe.

Nangona ukuntsonkotha umxholo yembono, isincoko esikolweni inoveli ngokuthi "Intliziyo Dog" Bulgakov kuya kufuneka ukuba ubhale. Kwaye ukuba oku kuyimfuneko ukuhlalutya uhlobo, isihloko, kunye ikakhulu usebenza.

Le pamphlet anti-yeSoviet okanye ekuboneni?

Ngokuqhelekileyo "Intliziyo Dog" kuthiwa uvuthondaba kwezopolitiko. Injalo loo nto. Kodwa ngokuyinxenye. Yonke into UNjingalwazi Preobrazhensky uthetha ebhubhise iKomiti House namaphephandaba Soviet - ngokuqinisekileyo phamflethi. Sisiphi isizathu, benze Shvonder neebhola, kakhulu, akukho mathandabuzo, uvuthondaba. Ewe, nokuba njani! Olunamandla. Baza.

Kodwa ke ulingelo nenja - ekuboneni. nomfanekiso walo kubonisa ukuzalwa sha yabantu abatsha, kutyhilwa iintsingiselo eyingozi ekuphuhliseni uluntu enjalo. Kubonakala ukuba isilumkiso esibhaliweyo yi uMikhail Bulgakov "Intliziyo Inja." Isincoko kwinoveli kufuneka zibonise iimpawu zazo zombini iintlobo kunye uvuthondaba kunye nepaki.

Kutheni inja intliziyo?

Xa uhlalutyo uhlobo elincinane umsebenzi (inoveli, ibali elifutshane, ibali elifutshane) asanda igama layo. Ngoko kutheni Bulgakov wema phezu kweli binzana, ngokuba kwisicatshulwa nguNjingalwazi Preobrazhensky, ukuzondla Bormental malunga Sharikova intliziyo, uthi yena ngoku yabantu, kodwa inkoliso yabo bonke iintwala.

Le izichazi lwesichazi "inja", ngaphandle ixabiso ngqo kubonisa ekwelo isilwanyana, unezinye eziphathwayo kwincoko kuncitshiswa impendulo ezimbi ebonisa ukuba into enzima, amandla, kunye imin kunye kwanala ngothi. Ke ngoko yonke into kucaca, ingakumbi njengoko isihlokwana sebali - "kwingozi emanyumnyezi" - unika thsuphe into eniya kuyithetha Bulgakov. "Intliziyo Dog" - isincoko satirical, akukho umzimba izinja livalelwe egameni layo, baphanga intliziyo yomntu abasanda kuqeshwa.

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Strange kodwa yinyani: kwimisebenzi satirical ka Mihaila Bulgakova akukho okukhona. Yaye "Intliziyo Dog" Akukho ngaphandle. Uprofesa, ngubani na niyalungisa uthi kwaye kufanele Unikela urhulumente omtsha yenza impazamo elingcangcazelisayo; ugqirha kufuneka kunceda abantu ekunyangeni izifo, kodwa uzama ukulungisa into owadalwa nguThixo. Uguquka kuphela bazi emva koko inadmissibility ucwaningo ezinjalo.

esinamazinyo Thobela kwi ngokobuninzi ntsha eboniswe Shvonder - demagogue abakhubazeke ngengqondo, ngubani uzibona inkosi yendlu. Yena Professor - eendaba imigaqo ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo, abanako nokulithelekisa.

Ngoko ke nabani na abalinganiswa kufuneka ingqalelo xa kulindeleke ukuba babhale isincoko, "Bulgakov" Intliziyo Dog ''? Iibhola - isiphumo eksperimenti FF Uguquka - nguye enkulu kweli bali yaye wakwenza njani oko isifundo imbambano phakathi Shvonder njingalwazi. Kodwa ukuba intsingiselo lo mlo?

Kakhulu umntu hhayi kuye kwavela

Yonke into enxulumene ne-Orthodox, Bulgakov wayesazi kakuhle, kungabi ithuba kwiincwadi zakhe mihla ikhankanywe apha ngentla okanye izikhombisi ethile kubo. Umzekelo, kwi "Mfundisi noMargarita" zonke iimpawu zibonisa ukuba isenzo ithatha indawo kwiVeki oyiNgcwele phambi Ista, ebalini ngeziganeko yosiba kukho umntu omtsha kuqale ekupheleni kukaDisemba no-7 Januwari - kunegrafu Polygraphovich. Nam ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi, kwaye Christmas Times kumbi dog Bulgakov. "Intliziyo Dog" - isincoko, umbhali uchaza ukuba buhlungu kuphela ekutshatyalalisweni ilungileyo ephambi mbuso, kodwa kwakhona ukubonakala ntle, apho kuqhubeka kule intshabalaliso, kodwa hayi ubusela kunye zakolachivaniya ukuchithakala emikhosini ngokomoya.

Kutheni kunegrafu?

Lo gama kuthathwa ukuba abe, kobugcisa Bulgakov, nangona kwakusazeka ukuba ikhalenda kwi khalenda sabasebenzi ngelo xesha sele nokutyhilwa yakhe ababhinqileyo. Yintoni na wamalela ekuphindwa kuyo umbhali: kunegrafu Polygraphovich? Xa edala uMikhail Bulgakov "Intliziyo Dog", ukubhala imisebenzi enjalo ayikwazanga senziwe uluhlu olubanzi kubafundi. A lusizi! Ngoko abaninzi baqonda: igama ophambili uhlobene yoshicilelo, okuthetha - ukuzala, oko kukuthi, kufuneka ibe kakhulu.

Umbhali Boyika (hayi ngaphandle kwesizathu) ukuba yosiba ugqibelele ukuba urhulumente omtsha. Anqunyulwe izimvo zabo, musa ukuba ubuhlobo zokomoya, izithethe, aba bantu baza kwenza nje kuphela oko wathi, kodwa kwakhona ukuthatha inyathelo, sineenjongo ezingatshabalalisa, njengoko nako ukwakhela phezu nkcazelo. Yenza ukuba ndlela, njani ngempazamo unjingalwazi yoTshintsho, akathandi kusebenza, kodwa ukufundisa ulutsha ngomoya oku kwenzeka ngokwenene.

Yilaa kufuneka ibe yintoni isincoko ngesihloko esithi, "Intliziyo Inja." Bulgakov ayikwazanga ukungena ukuya bexesha lakhe, okanye mandithi na ithuba, kodwa kudlula iminyaka emininzi, eli bali kanye nje efanelekileyo.

isayensi Modern ihamba phambili, bezama ukufumana unyango kwizifo kwaye ayolule imihla umntu ehlabathini, kodwa asimele silibale ukuba intliziyo lenja zingafumaneka kunye ubomi obude Abayili abahlala basaba, asinto zanto.