Lwentshukumo yehlabathi eyinkunzi - le ndlela ibalulekileyo lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho ngamazwe

Njengoko waziwa kakuhle, ubudlelwane yamazwe ngamazwe yezoqoqosho babe neendlela ngeendlela, yaye sibaphatha kuphela njengoko ubuhlobo ukuthenga nokuthengisa kweempahla, ngexesha apho ukuwela kwimida yesizwe ngokungachanekanga. Iingcali ukuchonga iintlobo ezintathu ukuya kwezisibhozo lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho kumazwe ngamazwe, kwaye lwentshukumo yehlabathi eyinkunzi - enye iintlobo ezibalulekileyo intsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho kumazwe ngamazwe. iinkcukacha ezingakumbi siza kuthetha ngayo kweli nqaku.

Lwentshukumo yehlabathi eyinkunzi (MDK) - le yinkqubo njongo kwezoqoqosho. Unobangela wale intshukumo ngumahluko phakathi imbuyekezo eyinkunzi kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Xa umongo wayo, imali yeyona esifanayo njengabanye, kodwa ixabiso wayo ingachazwayo ngokwemimiselo yezemali kwaye ipesenti lokubuya ukuba amenzele utyalo-mali lwakhe. Ngoko ke, ngo kumazwe aphuhlileyo kungekudala yande loo mali lwenkunzi, apho amazinga enzala azisekho wanelisekile ngabanikazi bayo. Kulo mzekelo, baqalise nhla kwicala kwamazwe aphuhlileyo ngaphantsi kwiimarike apho kukho ukunqongophala ebalulekileyo yale resource, oko kuthetha ukuba imbuyekezo yotyalo-mali iphezulu kakhulu.

Eyona engundoqo iintlobo intshukumo kwimali eyinkunzi ngamazwe:

1) Rhweba ngaphandle kwenkunzi yeshishini elo. Oku kwenziwa ngohlobo portfolio (portfolio) okanye utyalo-ngqo (ngqo) amazwe. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi ntlobo mali kukuba utyalo-mali ngqo zijoliswe ukufumana ulawulo loshishino ekunene, nokuba ipotifoliyo - kuphela ukufumana izahlulo okanye injongo umdlalo kwi umahluko kwamaxabiso share;

2) ukuthunyelwa of capital mboleko. Iyafana elikomkhulu ishishini kumazwe angaphandle, kodwa umahluko kulo mzekelo uthobela yonke imigaqo-mboleko: kwentlawulo yokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo waboleka (ngokohlobo kwesantya senzala), ukungxamiseka, ukubuya isixa oyintloko kunye nokufumaneka izibambiso okanye isiqinisekiso;

3) kwezoqoqosho kumazwe ngamazwe uncedo. It is a transfer ukulwa zemali izixhobo, izinto impahla okanye ukuxolelwa kwamatyala of kubaboleki (imiba ityala yabucala inxaxheba eLondon, kwaye urhulumente - i-Paris Club of amatyala).

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba zonke lizwe udlala indima zombini kumazwe angaphandle kunye ongenisa kwenkunzi. ERussia lwentshukumo yehlabathi capital asinto umnyinyiva. Ngoko ke, iinkampani ezininzi imali kwizibonelelo ezitsha kummandla kweli lizwe (umzekelo ocacileyo ayanceda automakers nomba woqeqesho mveliso zabo kummandla we-Russian Federation). Ngelo xesha, yaye ohlala yethu lityale kwamanye amazwe (umzekelo: "Gazprom", nophuhliso lweziseko zalo kumazwe apho abadlula ukuhamba kwezithuthi).

Lwentshukumo yehlabathi ezinkulu - ayikho nje ukuhamba zemali kunye neminye imithombo phakathi kwamazwe ahlukeneyo. Le ulawulo enamandla ngokuzenzekelayo, apho elungelelaniswe amanqanaba kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho, kwaye ashukumisa yokulawula omnye, njengoko imeko kwiimarike kwezibonelelo zemali Ukukhethwa kwelungu likarhulumente. Lwentshukumo yehlabathi eyinkunzi ivumela amazwe kunye kumgangatho ophantsi kophuhliso ukufumana abatyali abaya kuba ukulungele ukutyala iiprowujekthi emngciphekweni omkhulu (ngenxa xenga kwezopolitiko, inkqubo yomthetho abangafezekanga, ukunqongophala amava utyalomali State), kodwa ngaxeshanye kunye inzuzo enkulu. Ngokusebenzisa le nkqubo yinto enokwenzeka ukudala imisebenzi emitsha kunye namandla emveliso, abantu inikwa kunye nempahla kuyimfuneko, kwaye mali karhulumente - ngongeniselo ngohlobo yerhafu ukusuka amashishini amiliselweyo.