EMoscow iziko wezezimali ehlabathini jikelele. Ikubeka amaziko zezimali ehlabathini

Ngoko ke akukho mfihlakalo ukuba uninzi kwintengiselwano angaphandle kweli hlabathi kwenziwa yibhanki ezizodwa kunye nezinye iindawo yorhwebo eyahlukeneyo. Ngawo kubo enkulu nokuphuma kwemali ukuqinisekisa uzinzo hayi kuphela States liphela, kodwa abantu abathile ethile. Naliphi na iziko zemali mihla ehlabathini - indawo apho intengiselwano olwenziwe ezigidi. Kweli nqaku siza kuxubusha ngokweenkcukacha zonke iinkalo ezi "mithambo zegolide".

definition

Okokuqala, siphawula ukuba World Financial Center - ingongoma ingqalelo beebhanki ezahlukeneyo, amaziko zemali mboleko ukuba ukuphumeza ngamazwe mali, ityala, kwintengiselwano amazwe, ngokunjalo ukusebenza ngegolide nezibambiso.

Phambi leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi yayigqalwa iziko elinamandla yemali London, ngelo xesha eMecca of capitalism yaseYurophu. Noko ke, emva kokuphela kwemfazwe entendeni abamba ngu-United States of America, kwaye sele ukususela 1960 indawo US iye abavavanywa ukususela amaziko amatsha kwasekwa Japan kunye neNtshona yeYurophu.

olunye ulwazi

World Financial Center ngalinye indlela lemarike kumazwe ngamazwe, ngokubonakalayo lokulawula enabela. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-European Union ezimbalwa lukhuni indawo yayo kwaye uthembele ngaphantsi eUnited States, nto leyo ukuba eLondon kwakhona indawo lawula kwilizwekazi yaseYurophu.

Zonke enabela ehlabathini move on ekuthiwa amajelo, kuquka:

• nokugcinwa yokuthengwa kunye neenkonzo imisebenzi;
• Iinkonzo emali ngetyala;
• nokufakwa utyalo-mali ezinzileyo kunye nokusebenza;
• Sebenza nezibambiso;
• inguqu inxalenye ethile sengeniso yesizwe ngokusebenzisa ibhajethi ngokohlobo uncedo kumazwe awahlukeneyo asakhasayo.

Best of the Best

Ikubeka amaziko zemali ehlabathini jikelele ngo-2016 ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. London.
2. New York.
3. Singapore.
4. Hong Kong.
5. ETokyo.
6. Zurich.
7. Washington.
8. San Francisco.
9. Boston.
10. Toronto.

Nganye kwezi yamaRefa ngesakhiwo zemali ehlabathini jikelele kuhle ukuba siziphonononge ngokwahlukeneyo.

mangaliso Canadian

Toronto sesona sixeko sikhulu eKhanada, ngaxeshanye, iziko yolawulo kwiphondo Ontario. I-ofisi yesithili yezimali zeli lizwe ngokomzimba leyo kakhulu ezinabantu kwakhiwa izithili zoshishino, apho i "quartered" iibhanki amaninzi, ii-ofisi intloko ezinkulu iinkampani, iifem accounting kunye nomthetho, iifem labarhwebi.

The main idolophu Massachusetts

Boston - le ndawo inkulu eUnited States kummandla, ochazwa ngokuba New England, esi sixeko sidala kwaye bazizinhanha lizwe.

Phakathi amacandelo eziyintloko kuqoqosho Boston kufuneka iquke i-inshorensi, zebhanki kunye nezemali. Esi sixeko Emtshatweni Investments kwikomkhulu, uMongami Bank kunye noRhulumente Street Corporation.

Kuyo Silicon Valley

San Francisco - isixeko kunye nokukhula koqoqosho ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo kakhulu kuqinisekiswa bubukho iziko yehlabathi ngokugqwesa hayi kuphela ezweni ezezimali, kodwa kushishino lwe biotechnology kunye biomedicine.

zoshishino kwidolophu encinane, iKomishini inkxaso iphulo ukugcina isabelo amashishini amancinci. Ngenxa yoku, ibhunga isixeko kwanyanzeleka ukuba abeke izithintelo kwimimandla apho kunokwenzeka ukwakha ezinkulu. Esi sicwangciso inkxaso yabemi a megacity, ukuvotela bangene amandla imiqathango.

Ingongoma ebalulekileyo: iinkampani ezincinane, uRhulumente ayidluli abantu abalishumi ezenza malunga nama-85% onke amashishini ezikhoyo kuloo mzi.

capital american

Washington - is kuqala indawo apho ingqalelo elona nani likhulu abaphathi karhulumente kunye nabaqeshwa abachaphazelekayo kwicandelo nkonzo.

iinkampani ezininzi, izivumelwano ezizimeleyo, imibutho nzuzo, amaqela zorhwebo zithanda ukuhlala kufutshane Washington, okanye ngqo kulo ukuphembelela kakhulu ngempumelelo izilangazelelo zabo, ukuba abe kufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba urhulumente wezwe.

E Washington, ikhaya ababini iinkampani ezinkulu ehlabathini ngokwemigqaliselo yengeniso yabo;-arhente olunika mortgage - uFannie Mae (imali yonyaka $ 29 billion, indawo 270-th kwihlabathi ranking), kwakunye ne-US Service yeposi (68 ezigidi zeerandi, th 92 indawo).

iziko European

Zurich - isixeko apho ababandakanyekayo abantu malunga 208.000 kwicandelo zemali. Eli nani akumangalisi, kuba nezimali - ifana kakhulu kwicandelo engundoqo inzuzo kwezoqoqosho lonke eSwitzerland. Omnye imisebenzi emihlanu kweli lizwe ngenxa kwizibonelelo zemali.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngexesha le ntlekele-2008 , ezinjengokwaphuka inkqubo yogcino-mali kweli lizwe elincinane yaseYurophu ayizange yenzeke. Zurich wakwazi ukuba kudlula ukuhlanganiswa zonke ovuthuzayo uqhwithela lwehlabathi koqoqosho, nto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo asibeke mhle kuFeliks phezu kontanga yayo ehlabathini.

Ikomkhulu Japanese

Tokyo - isixeko apho istock exchange yavulwa ngo-1878. Nangona kunjalo, iminyaka emakhulu, esi sixeko wayengekho inxalenye elivelayo kwamaziko zemali yamazwe ngamazwe. Lo mba ukuba nje izizathu ezimbalwa:

• Iimarike zezimali yaseJapan azikho axhomekeke namandla emarike kunye kumgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente, leyo ibisoloko ingqalelo ukusonjululwa iingxaki kuphela kuqoqosho lwesizwe.
• Kwisithuba esiphakathi ko-1950-60-sharing Japan i uxakeke imali ngaphandle.
• amaziko ezemali amazwe akazange azame ukwandisa imisebenzi yabo kule kwimarike ngenxa kumgaqo engqongqo kurhulumente.

Babizwa ngokuba "Njengokungeniswa ioli" ka-1974 kwavusa urhulumente Japanese ukwandisa ixabiso lilonke ukuzisa uqoqosho karhulumente ukusuka ntlekele. A Inani amanyathelo zobunkokeli lizwe iye yakhokelela ekubeni eJapan wavula iingcango zalo neebhanki angaphandle kunye mveliso ukurhweba ngokhuselo. Oku kube negalelo ukuba ukusungulwa kwenkqubo yekhompyutha zentengiselwano ngo-1983, njengoko i iimarike zebhanki kude nonxweme ziye zidalwe, yaye ngowe-1987 baqalisa ukuqukunjelwa amalungiselelo mali ikota ethile.

Ngenxa yalo mmangaliso kwezoqoqosho kwakhokelela eTokyo namhlanje - iziko zemali ehlabathini, eba ukhuphiswano liphezulu.

Leader ngenkululeko yezoqoqosho

Hong Kong, njengezinye amaziko zemali kwihlabathi elitsha - isixeko neempawu ezizodwa. Amajelo akazange anikele ingqalelo kakhulu kuye, kodwa ukuba nithi, yinto kuphela ngendlela eyakhayo, embiza kungekuphela nje perile basempumalanga, isixeko elizayo, isixeko legend, njalo-njalo. D.

Hong Kong kangangeminyaka eli-18 zilandelelana, ihamba phambili inkululeko yezoqoqosho. GDP ngamnye eyi-36.796 zeerandi. Ukongeza, iziko ihamba phambili inani billionaires - 40.

Hong Kong i iibhanki kunye nabatyali ezahlukeneyo iimeko ezininzi kangangoko ukwenzela uphuhliso into kwenzeka ngokuthi:

• imigangatho yangoku imithetho ekhusela amalungelo obunini kushicilelo nokuthengiswa, iimpahla kunye neemveliso pirated ukusuka ngomgunyathi;
• izithintelo ezingephi kwimisebenzi zemali kunye zebhanki;
• onikelwa ngomelo kwinqanaba lorhulumente;
• Ukuzinza imali yayo;
• umgangatho bengabalulekanga lokwenyuka kwamaxabiso;
• Ukuba yolamlo kwethu ngamazwe;
• kufuphi kumazwe aseAsia, asakhasayo kunye neemarike;
• Ukufumaneka kwabasebenzi abanezakhono eziphezulu bathetha IsiNgesi.

ititan Asia

Singapore phakathi 1968 no-1985 abazange babe nayiphi ukhuphiswano ebalulekileyo kwingingqi yawo ethe negalelo kuphuhliso yayo ngeendlela ezininzi. Namhlanje, amaziko inkulu zemali ehlabathini zehlabathi lee ngaphandle kule meko.

Singapore - ilizwe neteknoloji ophezulu kunye kuqoqosho olomeleleyo. Uphuhliso iziko mali ayikho indima lokugqibela edlalwa nookopolotyeni bezizwe ngezizwe. Kwakhona e Singapore, omnye imveliso liphezulu GDP kwihlabathi.

Ilizwe nomtsalane kubatyali ngenxa irhafu asezantsi kakhulu. Xa urhulumente nje ezintlanu irhafu, kuquka kwingeniso kunye payroll zerhafu.

Kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle ezine kuphela sirhafiswa ngexesha ukungeniswa: Nabuphi na utywala, iimveliso zecuba, izithuthi, iimveliso zepetroliyam.

iziko market capital US

New York - elesibini ukalisho ehlabathini kwamaziko zezimali. Ithuba ezingundoqo lasungulwa senzeka kule minyaka 1914-1945. Daily market exchange angaphandle avareji umzi malunga $ 200 yezigidi zezigidi.

market capital New York na ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Nazi yonke enkulu amaziko investment emhlabeni: Salomon Bazalwana, ka Merrill Linch, Goldmen Sacns, Shearson of Lehman, Boston Okokuqala, Morgan Stanley, nto leyo iqinisekisa ukuba ukubekwa izibambiso ezahlukeneyo kurhwebo lokuqala.
• Kwimarike zamabanga isitokhwe zorhwebo ebaluleke ngakumbi ngenxa yobukhulu wabo omkhulu.
• amazwe asaphuhlayo ukufumana kakhulu umda emarikeni capital New York, ngenxa iimfuno ngokungqongqo umzuzwana.

dominants kwemibandela

Onke amaziko ezinkulu zemali ehlabathini barhuqe emva yinkokheli yabo - London. I-capital British liyifumene Kwidabi kwindawo yokuqala kungenxa yokuba umthetho yayo melo.

Phantse 80% ye imisebenzi zebhanki utyalo-mali, ngokungqalileyo okanye ngokungangqalanga, iqukuqela iLondon, ukuze eso sixeko ngokufanelekileyo uhamba phambili kuwo onke amaziko zemali ehlabathini.

City of London ongumnini-70% emarike sesekondari baviswa imixokelelwane phantse-50% emarike yezabelo. Ukongeza, isixeko eyintloko Albion aza ukurhweba amazwe. Le ingxenye imakethi ikhula ngonyaka ngamnye nge-30%. Malunga ne-80% yemali hedge eYurophu zithi zonganyelwe ukususela eLondon.

Kumaziko jikelele, jikelele zemali (London - akukho ngaphandle) ukuba babenolwazi kubananisi zotyalo ngamazwe, uthungelwano lonxibelelwano phambili, sikhokelo yolawulo kunokuba melo.

intsika Russian

Kule mihla Moscow - World Financial Center, leyo iphantsi ngokwaneleyo kuluhlu lwabadlali ehlabathini (indawo 75). Zonke nandzu lonke uluhlu iingxaki ezithintela ukuba ukunyuka emhlophe ilitye ngentla, nto leyo nomsindo:

• Ukungabikho izitya ngokupheleleyo. Eyona nto kukuba abagwebi Russian ngokupheleleyo alazi izikimu zemali kunye norhwebo kwi Exchange, kwaye akukho ilungelo lokuba baphumeze nemiba leenkqubo zenkundla. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwiintengiselwano zezimali exchange aliveli kwi nemithetho Russian Federation.
• iirhafu omkhulu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu eNew York, London, Singapore, kukho amaxabiso ezikhethekileyo irhafu kweengeniso mali ka-16.5%. Russia kule ihlala iphupha kuphela.
• Ukungabikho isixhobo zemali ukukhusela abatyali nokwehla okukhulu ixabiso lezabelo kwixesha leentsuku ezingama-amathathu emva kokuba uthenge.
• Inani elikhulu zazo ezifunekayo kunye nokungabikho bezimali abafanelekayo.

Noko ke, zobunkokeli lizwe yanika nezicwangciso ukususwa eMoscow ukusa kwinqanaba iziko mali eyiyo enamandla ngo-2020, apho kuya kubakho ukhuphiswano kakhulu kwindawo yazo.