Le viscosity amanzi

Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe malunga iimpawu zamanzi, kuyimfuneko ukujongana ingqikelelo 'emanzini. " It is a ulwelo ecacileyo, nokuthe kwiimeko ezininzi akanalo umbala iimpawu okanye ivumba. Xa amanzi aye kwelinye ilizwe emzimbeni, yenza avela kubhekiselelwe kuwo ngumkhenkce, ikhephu (chaza okuqinileyo) okanye umphunga (chaza sukube). Kukholelwa ukuba ugubungela ngaphezu kwe-70% wobuso uMhlaba - ukuba zonke iintlobo kweelwandle neelwandlekazi, imilambo, amachweba, zomkhenkce kunye nezinye izinto nemin.

Amanzi kuphela ngamandla, nto phantsi kweemeko yendalo liquka ezininzi neetyuwa izimbiwa kunye neegesi ezahlukeneyo. Xa sincokola ngeemilo yaso emzimbeni, ngoko nangoko sinikele ingqalelo into yokuba ukunyibilika komkhenkce kwandisa mninzi layo, lo gama ezinye izinto inkqubo efanayo kanye eyahlukileyo.

Olona phawu engundoqo viscosity amanzi. Ngokwawo, amandla - ukukwazi nayiphi na into (nokuba ulwelo, igesi okanye iqumrhu eqinileyo) ukubonelela ukumelana ngexesha intshukumo kwezinto ezithile ngokuphathelele omnye komnye. Olu phawu ukuze kweentlobo ezimbini - ezinkulu kunye tangential. Volume viscosity - ke ukukwazi kwento ukwenza amandla eqine. Oku kuzibonakalisa andise isandi emanzini, okanye amaza cuke. Tangential Lubonakala ukukwazi viscosity ulwelo ukuxhathisa shear.

Xa abaphandi baye bahlola ukuba viscosity yamanzi, kwafunyaniswa ukuba uxhathiso ukwimo xa wolula yaye banokude kuxhomekeke kwisantya intshukumo amasuntswana lamanqanaba ezahlukeneyo ulwelo. Ukuba umaleko enambuzelayo ngokukhawuleza, enza izinto ngomaleko ihamba kancinci, amandla yesantya le actuated. Ukuba yonke into kanye eyahlukileyo, iqalisa ukusebenza umkhosi unyathela. Imizamo zingentla sibhekiswe ilayini ezibambanayo kodwa azikweli ukuba iindawo ze-zikhabane.

Ngokutsho nomthetho Newton a τ ifomula = μ dυ / DN, njengako kuyo amandla zochuku lwangaphakathi ngokomlinganiselo ithambeka Velocity ecaleni eziqhelekileyo kunye indawo nempembelelo. Ukuba bathi amandla frictional ukuya kwindawo leyo ilingana kumanyano, ngoko ke bafumane xi yokucheba yabalusi ulwelo uchongwe kwifomula ngasentla.

Kukho kwakhona ingqiqo efana viscosity kinematic amanzi. Ke eso lomlingani ratio olutshintshatshintshayo (μ) ukuya ezixineneyo fluid ekhethiweyo (ρ). Xa ifomula eli binzana iza kuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ν = μ / ρ.

Le viscosity amanzi kwiqondo lobushushu ezahlukeneyo ukutshintsha, ngamanye imilinganiselo yayo lomlingani ukunciphisa ngokwandayo lobushushu. Ngenxa yoko, izigigaba viscosity emanzini yetyuwa kwahluka kancinane ukusuka ingumlingani entsha. Ekubaleni umahluko index Ziza kumana zisihla zinyuka ngaphakathi malunga-5%.

Umntu isho ifomula eziliqela, kodwa into ngamampunge, njengoko izinto engundoqo esichazwe ekuqaleni. Le viscosity lwamanzi definition kuyohluka, singasathethi ke kwiimo udibaniso lomba. Zibalulekile ngenqwelomoya imikhumbi kunye namanye amashishini Le data.

Kukho itafile ekhethekileyo ukumisela viscosity lamanzi iimeko ezahlukeneyo lobushushu. Le eziphathekayo kusetyenziselwa kuphela kwithiyori kodwa practice. Olu luhlu luqulethe iinkcukacha ngamakhefu degrees-5, ukusukela 5 nesiphelo kunye degrees-100, nto leyo lula kakhulu ubomi ootitshala kunye nabafundi ngethuba zokuhlala.

Enye parameter ebalulekileyo - le viscosity enamandla kinematic amanzi,-ebizwa ngokuba yesibini viscosity (lokunyusa ivolyum) - luphawu womthamo ucinezelo deformation. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo eziphango yentetho kunye nokunciphisa amaza.