Le uvaleke kwi kwimveku - nto kwaye kwasekwa njani?

Xa umama elizayo uyeva ukuba ekhulelwe, ubomi bakhe kuthatha intsingiselo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ngoku kufuneka uthathe unonophelo nje kuphela, kodwa kananjalo iqhuma encinane, nto leyo esele uhlala phantsi intliziyo. Into yokuqala kukwenza umfazi - kukuba ukubhalisa oyingcaphephe elungileyo, lowo yena okholose ukuba eqinisekile eliqhelekileyo yokukhulelwa.

Kakade ke, abazali abatsha ungathanda ubuncinane ukucinga ukuba abantwana babo ukuze kukhule. Kodwa ukuba zonke iingxaki sibanjwa, ungaphelelwa lithemba. Yiba yonke intando yakho inqindi wenze konke okusemandleni ukuze umntwana wazalwa esempilweni.

Le uvaleke kwi kwimveku - ntoni na?

Oomama abaninzi abakhulelweyo abafunda kuphela iindaba ezilungileyo malunga nokukhulelwa, sukela ukufunda zonke iincwadi ezikhoyo kwi ekuzalweni ezayo. Loko iliso labo ufumana ulwazi ngomhla 19-22 kwesisu sele ekuqaleni ukwenza uvaleke kwi olungekazalwa. Yintoni na? Ngapha koko, umntu omdala yequmrhu onjalo apho. Impendulo ilula: uvaleke - likwimo ephambili yophuhliso kwenkqubo luvo, kuquka ingqondo kunye umnqonqo. Vula ukugawula luvo - iqonga lokusekwa cipande, oluphakathi kunye ngomva lwesinye.

izifo ezoyikekayo engavumelani nobomi

Siyaqonda ukuba omnye amanqanaba ibalulekileyo ngemvelaphi yobomi okwenzeka ngexesha ukhulelwe - ke lokusekwa uvaleke kungekudala kuyo ukuphuhlisa ingqondo kunye umnqonqo wosana. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kuyenzeka ukuba inkqubo yokuvala nakumphezulu eyaphukileyo, nto leyo ekuphuhliseni anencephaly (akukho nobuchopho olungekazalwa). Ukuba kukho uphazamiseko kwi ukuvalwa ezantsi uvaleke, kukho Ithemba spinal. Ngelishwa, zombini ezi zifo aluhambisani ebomini, kodwa kwenzeka kunqabile kakhulu. Amanani abonisa ukuba esi sifo wabetha yanye iziqhamo eliwaka.

Ngamanye amaxesha kukho iimeko xa uqala ukuphuhlisa kakuhle uvaleke kwi olungekazalwa. Oko kuthetha nokuba kuyimfuneko yakuzixhalisa malunga nayo?

Yintoni iziphako uvaleke?

Zingalunganga uvaleke - uthotho yonke yeziphene ezahlukeneyo ezinokuthi kubakho olungekazalwa. Ngethamsanqa, le ezinxaxhileyo zinqabile kakhulu.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ngezifo le uvaleke yosana olungekazalwa - ayikho sisifo mihla okubangelwe ziimeko ngoku ubomi babantu. Njengoko kuqinisekiswa yi ukushicilelwa paleontologists, ababethwala ngaphandle kwezifundo ezifanelekileyo, iintsilelo umnqonqo okanye ingqondo (oku kuqinisekisa uphuhliso okungaqhelekanga ngayo, yaba lukakayi, umqolo) afunyanwa kwi iintsalela indoda eyayiphila kwiminyaka 7,000 eyadlulayo.

Ukubhekisela imisebenzi yenzululwazi kunye zonyango kuqala, ngokusekelwe apho sinokuthi, baqala ukuphuhlisa neurosurgery, kwaye kwaqatshelwa ngemisebenzi noHippocrates. anatomist Italian Morgagni Batista, mhlawumbi, enye inkcazelo yokuqala uqikelelo banikwa iziphene uvaleke. Unyango ngelo xesha, Kakade ke, ezi zifo phantsi, kuba iyeza wayesekuloo kwinqanaba elisezantsi kakhulu kuphuhliso.

Izinto ezibangela le ngxaki

Ngelishwa, ngamanye amaxesha kukho uvaleke ezonakele olungekazalwa. Loluphi uhlobo ngezifo, yaye yintoni eyabangela oko? Makhe ukufumanisa izizathu ukutenxa kumgaqo.

Ngoko, kwiintsuku 19-20 emva kwesisu umbungu amiliswe plate ezithile nganye - ngohlobo lokuqala nophuhliso e-nervous system yabantu. 20-22 imini kufuneka uqale mayiqhagamshelane, ngaloo ndlela uze uvaleke kwi olungekazalwa. Inyaniso yokuba yonke into ihamba ngokwesicwangciso, siqinisekisa kukungabikho ezimbi e-nervous system umntwana oya kuzalwa. Ukuba iintsuku 23 ukususela ekuqaleni uvaleke ipleyiti akukho ivaliwe ngokupheleleyo ityhubhu, ingane iza kuphuhlisa umva iingxaki. Ngesi ubunzima obungakumbi kunokukhokelela larkspur fluid ukuba zibonwa ezintathu yokuqala yokukhulelwa.

Omnye wonobangela lixhaphakileyo ezimbi ezo zithathwa amagciwane, imitha, okubangela unina elizayo, ngubani na ugula sisifo somhlaza, kwakunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo. Kodwa uninzi lwezi ezinxaxhileyo kwenzeka abasetyhini abakhulelweyo okwathi kwaba ityhubhu isiphako uvaleke. umngcipheko omkhulu idala yofuzo.

iimeko zangaphandle ukuze babe imbangela unesiphako

Ewe, yofuzo ukuya iziphene ezifana kakhulu kwandisa umngcipheko ukwenzeka kwayo. Kodwa namhlanje ebangela kakhulu oogqirha sifo bakholelwa radiation (umama okhulelweyo ungafumana ukuba sesichengeni sosasazeko lwemitha hayi kuphela unyango, kodwa ebudeni bokuhlala kwabo njengabaphambukeli kwimimandla ezingcolisekileyo). Izitshabalalisi, iimveliso petroleum kunye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izichumisi eyenziwayo kwakhona isizathu eqala ukuphuhlisa kakuhle uvaleke kwi olungekazalwa.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, makwazeke ukuba baninzi, oko kuyingozi kakhulu ebomini bomntu ukutya izakhi. Noko ke, asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba lokuxhaphaza elikhulelweyo iimveliso efanayo, oko konyusa ingozi yokuba kwezifo ezibulalayo komntwana wakhe. Nditsho yokuhalamaba eshushu, nto leyo ethatha umfazi ukhulelwe lwakwangoko bandiqumbise ezifuna enjalo.

Ekhulelwa oogqirha zesondlo koomama nezaziwa ngokuba oyena nobangela iziphene uvaleke. Umfazi kufuneka siphathwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kuyo ngexesha lonke lokukhulelwa. Kwimeko apho ezinye ezi nkalo zingasentla zifumaneka kubomi umama okhulelweyo, oko kufuneka uzilungiselele ngenxa yokuba abakhulelweyo kuquka ukuzalwa ophezulu umngcipheko, nto leyo tube sisiphako uvaleke.

Ngaba kuyinyaniso ukuba oomama kunye nobunzima kakhulu umngcipheko iziphene uvaleke liphume?

Hayi kudala wabizwa iziphumo zophononongo yaqinisekisa ukuba abafazi nemizimba ngexesha lokukhulelwa, umngcipheko iziphene uvaleke kwi kwimveku ngamaxesha ezimbini ngaphezu koko abameli ubunzima encinane. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, oomama elizayo ogama ubunzima akwanelanga, waye anayenza le ntsingiselo.

Ezi kwasekwa ngokusekelwe iimbali kwimeko abafazi California abaye bafumanisa umbhobho isiphako umbefu kwi olungekazalwa. bethathwa ingqalelo bekunjalo kwixesha ukususela ngo-1989 ukuya 1991. Iziphumo zesi sifundo lwabonisa ukuba abasetyhini kunye umzimba umzimba kwandisa ingozi yokuba esi sifo ngokuthi 2.1 amaxesha. Kodwa, Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, le datha aluchaphazeli ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa acid folic, ukunqongophala egqalwa omnye oonobangela ezingaqhelekanga uvaleke kwi olungekazalwa.

Kwenzeka ntoni iziqhamo xa sele kophulwe onjalo?

Ukuze siqonde indlela ityhubhu isiphako umbefu kwi umbungu iphuhlisa, kuyimfuneko ubuncinane ngokwemigqaliselo jikelele, baqonde ukuba yintoni inkqubo embryogenesis.

Ngoko ke, kwiveki yokuqala zokukhulelwa sigqityiwe ukuyilwa kwiindawo osandul. Okwesibini - eli xesha ukuyilwa amalungu yezihlunu kwi ndingekazalwa, xa inxaxheba ekuphuhliseni inxalenye extraembryonic. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, kwiveki yesithathu - ixesha xa uvaleke lithatyathwe plate okhethekileyo. Kwiiveki zokuqala ezintathu ithuba neurulation ephambili. lingena Secondary kwi kwixesha elinye kwiiveki 4-7 ukusuka ngomzuzu wokukhulelwa.

Sele kwesi sihlandlo sexesha inokuba ukuhlukunyezwa, okt spinal dizrafii. Pathology le uvaleke, leyo ludlulele ezimbi lumbosacral ngomqolo uphuhliso elizayo, kungenzeka kuphela xa neurulation eziziisekondari. Ngoku kuyacaca ukuba uphuhliso okungaqhelekanga le uvaleke kwi umbungu luqala kwiiveki zokuqala zokukhulelwa, nto ke leyo ebangele ukuba unyango ezi zifo kwenzeka ngohlobo ekuthinteleni uphuhliso iziphene ezinzulu. Ngoko ke, unyango maluqale phambi ukukhulelwa, kwaye kuza kuqhutywa kwiiveki zokuqala yokumitha.

Kuphuhliso iziphene uvaleke uneempawu zawo

Njengaye nawuphi na isifo okanye ukuphazamiseka uphuhliso olufanelekileyo, ukuyilwa kumbhobho isiphako umbefu kwi mbungu iimpawu zayo.

Iimpawu amayeza spinal dizrafii mihla iqwalasela yala magama alandelayo:

• Efihliweyo umqolo lips: isiphako eso amaninzi ibekwe kwindawo lumbosacral. Oku kuyingozi kuba iimpawu lwezonyango akakho apho. Le ngezifo ifumaneka ngokupheleleyo ithuba, umzekelo, emva kokuba ray umqolo. Kubekho Akukho utshintsho mpela malunga eluswini, maxa wambi kukho amabala emnyama okanye talc. Le emqhokrweni efihliweyo nto njengento embi isaphetha okuvala enye amathambo. Isifo efanayo ineziphumo undinonelele, eziquka ubusuku ngumchamo, ukwaphulwa ebalulekileyo ukuma elichanekileyo, buthathaka kwemisipha enemilenze, iintlungu apha kummandla empontshwa, kwaye nkqu deformation iinyawo. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba ubone enoba kukho ukuyilwa elichanekileyo uvaleke kwi olungekazalwa.
• Esinganyangekiyo eqhekeza evulekileyo: ke ebizwa kwakhona hernias okwenyaniso lialio. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba athathe ngohlobo Buze kwenxenye ye-mater laseDura. Okubhalwe hernias hlobo utywala into cerebrospinal fluid. Le nkqubo sifo kakhulu ungadluliselwa omqolo ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Abantu abaninzi abazalwa kunye onesiphene onjalo, waphila ngokupheleleyo ubomi obude obonwabisayo ubomi. Utyando kwiimeko ezinjalo, iingcali yaleza ukusebenzisa kuphela xa kukho ukukhula yokwenene Ithemba spinal. Ukuba isiphako ithambo enjalo nokhupho 3-5 omqolo, isigulana siya benobulwelwe namava kwezihlunu kunye ngumchamo. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, sigulo ixhaphakileyo eligcina 6-8 omqolo. Kwesikhumba Ithemba ibhityile kakhulu, kwaye esikhanyayo nge inwebu sheet pia. Olu luhlobo enkulu kakhulu unesiphako, nto leyo edla kukho sac lekhefu Ithemba kunye nencindi ulwelo fluid.
• Xa ububi obukhulu ingqalelo umqolo zicandeke nezihlunu ethambileyo, nto leyo sikhatshwa kumiswa ezinesiphene umnqonqo. Loo isici ubomi nesele awuhambisani.

Umdla kukuba indawo of hernias abanjalo 90% yamatyala iwela kummandla empontshwa, yaye kunqabile kakhulu iqatshelwe kummandla thoracic okanye wesibeleko. Le meko uchaza ukuba xa kukho isiphako kwenzeka ndingekazalwa, ukumitha ngokufuthi Impontshelwa isisu ezizenzekelayo (kwesisu). mbumba ezinjalo abulawa ngenxa nje yokuba nokudaleka ngakumbi nzima.

Indlela ukuxilonga i siphene okanye ukungaqheleki uvaleke?

Bona i tube isiphako umbefu kwi US kuphela senyanga yesithathu yokukhulelwa. Kodwa ke, ngaphambi koko, kukho amaninzi amathuba ukufumana i ngezifo efanayo.

Okokuqala, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe, kuyimfuneko ukuba enze isifo preliminary, nekucetyiswa kwisithuba yesicwangciso lokukhulelwa elizayo. Kufuneka utyelele i obstetrician-ugqirha, womchamo kunye nemfuza. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, ufanele kudlula iimvavanyo ezibonisa inqanaba umngcipheko wokuba usana kunye na isiphene uvaleke. Ukongeza, kucetyiswa ukuba ukufunda uncwadi oluninzi. Oku kuya kunceda ukuqonda ukuba yintoni na uvaleke yosana olungekazalwa, kwakunye kangangoko ukufunda zonke iingcebiso leengcali, nto leyo eya kuba luncedo kuwe kwixesha elizayo.

Emva kwesisu, akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle uhlolo ngenyanga i obstetrician. Le ezintathu yesibini zokukhulelwa kufuneka kusoloko kufuneka ikhatshwe uvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo komama elizayo. Sele kungenzeka ukuba afeze uviwo ultrasound olungekazalwa. Musa ukuba neentloni ukucela ingcali malunga nobume bomntwana, ingakumbi xa uhleli neqela labafazi nengozi eyonyukileyo ukungaqheleki uvaleke.

Kwithuba leenyanga ezintathu lesithathu, kunokwenzeka sele ukubona ultrasound iziphene malformation yosana olungekazalwa, nto leyo eye kwenzekile ngenxa yokuba lo uvaleke okungalungile. Iifoto umbungu esibelekweni ukuqinisekisa uxilongo, unako kwakhona ukubonisa enye ingcali.

Ukuba omnye amanqanaba lokusekwa ityhubhu unesiphako uvaleke ozinzisiweyo, akukho sizathu esihle ekuphakamiseni umba isisu. Kodwa ke, kufuneka kuqala wazi iqondo bezityholo, ngenxa yokuba ezinye iintlobo yayo inokuba kakhulu ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Namhlanje malformation uvaleke, nto leyo ichazwe ekuphuhliseni malformation ezingekazalwa na ukulungiswa yokungenelela yotyando. uxilongo eyongezelelweyo efunekayo emva kokuba ndibeke isifo enjalo, kuba isisu - oko ke exit lokugqibela.

Unyango leziphene uvaleke

Unyango yeengxaki ezithe zavela ngenxa yokuba ekubunjweni uvaleke olwaludiliziwe, ungenza uqale ngoko nangoko emva kokuzalwa. Kamsinya nje oogqirha baya kususa onke ezisongela ubomi umntwana, oko kukuthi, buyisela internal ezizenzekelayo ubushushu bomzimba khangela kumphezulu usana, Ithemba ngoko nangoko Kufuneka banyangwe nge-ntsholongwane baze iitawuli abawaziyo. Emva kokuba incoko kunye nabazali, ukuba uyavuma kwegazi, ukuzalwa yadluliselwa kwiSebe neurosurgical, apho lonke uphando kuyimfuneko, kuba ngaphandle kwabo, akuyi kuba nempumelelo na umsebenzi.

Ukuba kukho isoyikiso uqhekeko Ithemba, asike wenziwa ngoko nangoko. Kungenjalo, unako ulinde de umntwana akhule. Eso sigqibo ugwetyelwayo yokuba izithuba - yi "isango evulekileyo" ukuba naluphi na uhlobo losulelo. Amaxesha amaninzi, emva kokuba ukususwa hernias zenzeka komtshiso suppurative. Ngokutsho manani, malunga nama-78% ezigulane abaselula kwavela iingxaki ezifanayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwiintsuku emva impilo utyando ngokubhekisele kubantwana nganye ezinga malungu abantu. Noko ke, 5% yabantwana zisekho emngciphekweni.

Kwakhona kubalulekile into yokuba xa uphethe umsebenzi ofanayo sosana, buyisa ngokupheleleyo ukuthembeka mater laseDura. Oko kukuthi, umntwana uya kuphuhlisa emva kotyando eziqhelekileyo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye iza kulindela ukuba ubomi obuqhelekileyo ngokupheleleyo. Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba uphando lokuqala wenziwe phambi kokuba ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Yenza kuphela iimvavanyo eziyimfuneko ukuze ugcine umntwana kwaye akavumeli ukuba ahlale yokukhubazeka ebomini. Kubalulekile ukuthatha nzulu kunye nexesha postoperative. Ukuya ekolulekweni kwenzeka lula kwaye ngaphandle iingxaki, zonke izindululo ugqirha okunyangayo kufuneka ilandelwa ngokuthe ngqo.