Le nyikima etshabalalisayo California - iziphumo

Ubuntu, ingako eyaziwayo isakhiwo nomhlaba. I nzima kakhulu ukulawula ezininzi iinkqubo zayo zangaphakathi. Ukuze iziganeko ezinjalo ziquka iinyikima zomhlaba, nto leyo kugubungela kwindawo ethile kumphezulu womhlaba basenza amanxuwa kwimizuzwana.

Le nyikima inkulu e California

Enye iinyikima zomhlaba ezinkulu eyenzeka California (USA). Le nto ayizange yenzeke malunga neminyaka engama-25. Lo mmandla liye ngokuxhomekeke ukuhla kwi-6. Kwathi 24.08.2014 03,20 kusasa ixesha sendawo. Oko ngeli xesha abahlali San Francisco baye bavakalelwa Barr kuqala.

Nangona intshabalalo olukhulu phakathi kwezakhiwo kunye nonxibelelwano, wakwazi ukuphepha iingxwelerha. Nangona abantu abangama-80 zisathwaxwa.

Ngaloo ndlela sikuphephe abaninzi amaxhoba?

Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba inani lamaxhoba lincinane noko ngenxa kwinkqubo yokhuseleko ezizodwa, apho wadalwa njenge ulingelo California. kubume bayo kukuthintela labemi sehlelwe kunokwenzeka. Inyikima e California (2014) lubonise ukuba le nkqubo isebenza. Kuthethwa ngayo ukumangala ezayo kwimizuzwana-10.

Eyaziwa magazini we Los Angeles Times wabhala ngayo, ukuba "abo imizuzwana embalwa, unako konke kodwa zisiwa ebhedini." Ngeendlela ezininzi ukuba ilungile, kodwa umsebenzi onzima ukubonelela inkqubo enjalo bonke abahlali karhulumente kunye ukuyiguqula kancinane ukuze umqondiso isilumkiso ifunyenwe imizuzwana 50 phambi eyabizwa.

Le nkqubo isebenza ngoncedo seismographs, leyo kwirekhodi iingcangcazela kwi yalapho. Bayakwazi ukuziva kuhlabana waza owokuqala ukuthumela uphawu ebantwini nesantya ne apho kuza phambi kwenyikima. Ngenxa yoko, abantu baza kuba nako ukulungiselela kwintlekele.

Inyikima eCalifornia uye wabonisa kwakhona ubu izakhiwo zabantu. Nangona themba ingeza zinokubakhubekisa inkqubo alarm. Kakade ke, imizuzwana 10 akwanelanga ukuba baphume, kodwa inkqubela na ukuma. Kwixesha elizayo, nkqu imizuzwana 50 anokusindisa ubomi obuninzi.

Le nyikima e California wayengenguye omnye kuphela kwimbali mmandla kunye United States liphela. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, oku urhulumente uyekile ukuba abe yinkokeli kwenani izothuso.

Oklahoma - inkokeli entsha inani leentlekele kwi US

Uninzi lwabahlali meko de-2008 wayengazi malunga yintoni inyikima eUnited States. Babesilela ezi ngxaki. Noko ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje kule ndawo kwabhalwa 240 umothuko wamva zezulu ukuya amanqaku 4.

Iingcali ezininzi ziyavuma ukuba oku kubangelwa nezokukhupha irhasi ye-shale. Noluvo enye, uNjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi Columbia, Dzheffri Abers. Uthi ukuba ummandla umngcipheko umalunga 2,000 km² Oklahoma. Chaza iminyaka embalwa liye laba US indawo ezininzi ezithandwa ziinyikima.

Le nobangela kuthiwa yokutsala shale yi indlela hydraulic. Ihlala into yokuba imali encinci kwamanzi iikhemikhali phantsi koxinzelelo uphakamileyo lesitofu ilitye le-shale. Ngenxa yoko, amafutha eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye likhululekile. Njengoko kwaba zizazinzulu kwiCornell University, ukuba isenzo ezinjalo zingabanga inyikima US nakwamanye amazwe kumgama oyi km-40 ukusuka kwindawo imisebenzi yemigodi.

Oomasipala kwizixeko ezininzi eUnited States ingaluthintela nezokukhupha kwiinkampani ze-oyile negesi ukuvelisa ngale ndlela. Kweli lizwe, ukongeza iintlekele ezenziwe ngabantu, ngoko kukho into ukoyika noko ukukhumbula.

Xa Melika ke ishukumisa elide?

Le nyikima e California ngo-2014 waye mkhulu kwimbali mmandla. Kukhulu ngaphambili, ngoDisemba 1811, kwaqalisa intshukumo emhlabeni, bayeka kuphela ngoMatshi 1812. Ngenxa yoko, nokulatyuza iingcangcazela iinguqu ezininzi kule ntlango.

Inyikima imiphumela:

• mhlaba ngamnye ukuya ku-6 ubude;
• zatshintsha phezu Mississippi uMlambo;
• , Amachibi ezintsha, ezifana St Francis;
• ngokubulala amanani amakhulu abantu.

Izazinzulu lubonisa ukuba phakathi kwe-3 no-5 umothuko wamva aba sezingeni ngaphezu amanqaku-8. Inani ngqo amaxhoba soze kwaziwa, kuba zokuhlala akukhange kubekho amaxwebhu enzima.

Eyabizwa omkhulu eSan Francisco

Kwabakho inyikima eUnited States ngowe-1906 kwaba elifutshane kakhulu. Kwathi Aprili 18, kwaqhubeka imizuzwana 75 kuphela, kodwa bazisa into eninzi abonzakeleyo nentshabalalo.

Imiphumo komhlaba;

1. kwabafileyo zathathelwa ingqalelo abantu abangaphezu kwama-700.
2. Aqotywa njengoko izakhiwo ezitsha, ezifana umasipala kunye nezindlu ezidilikileyo.
3. inkampani iwayini Sonoma yachanwa ngenxa yokwaphuka lilonke yokugcina yakho iwayini.
4. Ngenxa yoko, kwavuka umlilo yatshiswa malunga 12 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Iinkampani ze-inshorensi Abaninzi uhlawulwe imbuyekezo ngomonakalo ubunzima ngenxa zawa.
5. It yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo itanki yamanzi isixeko yokugcina igesi.

Power wakwakhe Kuqikelelwa kwiindawo 8.3. Oku kwabangela umonakalo kwisixeko $ 500 million. Amakhulu ubomi ibango le inyikima.

Le nyikima iingwanyalala kwimbali

Akufane kwabakho inyikima California kungathelekiswa noko kwenzeka ngo-Agasti 1950 e-India. Kwathi kwimpuma yelo lizwe, kwiphondo Assam. Barr babomelele kangangokuba izixhobo ezizodwa akazange akwazi ukulungisa kubo. Nabenzi boluvo azizange ziyilelwe ukuba izikhombisi ezinjalo.

Xa isima, ngokusesikweni iingcaphephe wawongwa amandla Njengokungeniswa ubukhulu amanqaku 9. Eyabizwa izise ilahleko enkulu kunye intshabalalo. Kwakukho abantu abaninzi. Sagcina iintsuku ezintlanu. Ngenxa yoko Iezothuso iyoluka kwasekwa iziphene ngakumbi nangakumbi, abantu nangoko abaphulukana nezindlu kuphela kodwa ubomi babo. Ukususela slits akhiwa umphunga zamafu ashushu.

Umonakalo ngenxa yenyikima likhulu ihlabathi $ 25 million. Ukongeza kwezi yabantu, esibi kunazo yaba ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwezibonelelo. Ewe, amadama, lodaka kunye neendlela. Konke oku kuye kwakhokelela inkitha ezinye iingxaki, kubandakanywa nzima usetsho nokuhlangula abantu abasindileyo.

Abahlali abaninzi akukho kwanyanzeleka ukuba babalekele kuyo imithi. Amaphephandaba wachaza inani Kwiimeko ezilolu hlobo. Iimpawu ziqaqambisa enye kuzo, xa umfazi ukuba azale umntwana emthini.

Uphi na, ukuxhawulana, ngokwenene?

Amaza ethukile Agasti 15 kufika Melika. Equipment USA abhalwe nabo ekhaya. Abaphandi bacingela ukuba zivela kwiziqithi Japanese. Apho, yena, naye wabhala yokusebenza efanayo saza sagqiba kwelokuba yintlekele layigubungela US.

Akukho namnye kubo nokuba bacinga ekuqaleni ukuba ezi amaza ntlokoma iinyikima e India. Amandla akhe kwafikela inxalenye enkulu yomhlaba.

Indiya kuye isikhundla ezingazinzanga elide of kolu qweqwe lomhlaba. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho kwenzeka neenyikima kunye nezikhukula. Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-19 e-India sele yenzekile cataclysms ezinjalo sezingeni eliphezulu ngaphezu amanqaku-8.

Kutheni zenzeka iinyikima?

Ukuze ubale kwangaphambili iindawo apho kuya kubakho komhlaba, kwaye uphephe ngxwelerha, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba kutheni kwenzeke. Izazinzulu abazi ngokupheleleyo njani yaye kutheni kukho iintlekele ezininzi. Xa kuthelekiswa komhlaba kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi.

Eyona eziphambili ezibangela iinyikima:

1. Idiphu busebenze kwasekwa kumaqula angaphantsi komhlaba. Ezi uyothuka babe kwendawo encinane, nangona kunjalo, ukuba a lot of umonakalo omkhulu. Ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo ekunokuthiwa nemisebenzi yabantu, ezizezi vykachku oyile negesi ngaphandle komhlaba.
2. mlilo soloko ilandelwa lutshintsho lwemithetho uzamazama. Oku kunganxulunyaniswa yeegesi underpressure ivele inokuqokelelana mlilo channel. Emva udaka dubulo kwakhona kuyilwa sele imigodi zikhankanywe ngasentla.

3. iinyikima zomhlaba ehlabathini zithathwa kuba kakhulu buhlungu. Bona enxulumene uhambisa amaqonga kunye ukwaphula ilitye le negranite of kolu qweqwe lomhlaba. Umzekelo woko ku California. Bonke bephela zinxulunyaniswa ityala San Anderas. Amaza wenyikima ecaleni kusetyenzwa rhoqo ukuba, ngokuxhomekeke kwisantya, azise umonakalo ngaphantsi okanye ngaphezulu ebalulekileyo kule meko.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuxela yintlekele?

Ukubanako ukwenza uqikelelo okuchanekileyo iinyikima ngumsebenzi ophambili izazinzulu-wezazi. Amawaka izitishi zokusebenza kwihlabathi jikelele ilandelayo isindululo lwangaphakathi behlabathi, leyo akayeki.

Kuba ukugxila badla sebenzisa ulwazi komhlaba ukuxubana iintanda proliferation ngayo kuqweqwe lomhlaba. Ukuba kwenzeka kwiindawo iziphene. Kungenxa yoko le nto imigqaliselo kunye nemilinganiselo ziqhutywa phezu kwiindawo seismically eyingozi. Ukupheliswa kwiinkqubo zangaphakathi Umhlaba - amathuba ephakamileyo yinyikima kuza kwenzeka kamsinya.

Izazinzulu ukudala ikhadi okhethekileyo, ebonisa iinkcukacha malunga nakujoliso olutsha komhlaba, namandla, rhoqo. Ukugxila oluqhutywa ngamanqanaba amathathu.

Amanqanaba nokudalwa sase-:

1. Ngokuchonga imimandla seismically yingozi iminyaka 10-15.
2. Uqikelelo medium-term iminyaka 1-5.
3. Zexesha elifutshane nolwemozulu kunye namathuba eliphezulu lobubi kule ndawo.

Yintoni ebangela zemo eziphosakeleyo?

Kokuba sifunde izinto ezibangela neenyikima, izazinzulu abakwazi ukwenza uqikelelo - ukuqikelela kubo. uqikelelo yaba onomtsalane e China ngo-1975. Le dolophu sele zihlatyelwe ixhala jikelele ngo-14,00, kwaye iingcangcazela eqala 19,36. Phezu kwako ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo lali, phantse amaxhoba wayengekho. Ubukhulu bafikelela amanqaku 7.

Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko eenzululwazi kunye nokungaphumeleli ukuba nesiphumo ilahleko ezinkulu zoqoqosho. Oku kungenxa yokuba, ukongeza ngobungxamo labemi, kuyimfuneko ukuba ayeke umsebenzi amashishini mveliso, uyeke yonke imithombo ye-eneji.

Umsebenzi ophambili yeentlekele ngezakhi nolwemozulu awuthunyelwanga kusonjululwe. Noko ke, ukusebenza kule ngxaki olwenziwe ngokuzisa iziphumo.