Inyibiba entilini (Red Book). Inyibiba entilini - Photo

A elikhulu izityalo rhoqo kudala umbono wobuxoki enezityalo obungapheliyo kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Noko ke, oko akunjalo. Imisebenzi yabantu multi-ohlalele comprehensive-mveliso eyahlukeneyo kufuneka kakhulu ngqo nefuthe elibi biomass nasemifunweni planethi. Kungenxa yoko le nto izityalo kufuneka mazikhuselwe ngabantu abaninzi abakrelekrele - abantu.

I-Red Book of Russia

I-Red Book of Russia lwapapashwa ngo-1988 yaye ukususela ngoko amaphepha ayo ziyahlaziywa rhoqo amagama amatsha kweentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana. Yinto lusizi kakhulu, kodwa, ngelishwa, kunqandwa. Ukuba unike inkcazelo ngqo, oko esingaqondwayo oluBomvu incwadi ncwadi ishicilelwe njenge ncwadi, amaphepha ezidweliswe zonke izityalo kunye nezilwanyana aphantsi kokhuselo karhulumente njengoko ezisengozini (zisemngciphekweni), ezinqabileyo okanye icinyiwe (extinct) kakade.

Kukho imiqathango ethile ukuba iintlobo ezithile zezityalo ukuba kuluhlu kwiNcwadi oluBomvu.

1. Wangena encwadini ukuba kuphela, izityalo ezinqabileyo ezincinane (ezisoloko zikho okanye iintlobo uzkoendemichnye) lonke eRashiya.
2. Kwakhona wangena iintlobo zezityalo ezibalulekileyo ukuze kungekudala kuwa phantsi isisongelo lokutshabalala xa abantu bengasebenzi.
3. Le ncwadi ibhalwe zenyathi ngocoselelo ezazinemidla kunye neentlobo zezityalo (inyibiba entilini kule njengenqobo ezidweliswe kwi-Book Red).
4. Isityalo ke wangena kumaphepha kuphela emva kokuba ezifunde ngenyameko nokungqinisisa okuphindwayo iindlela zohlalutyo kunye ngobuchule.

Ngenxa yoko, Russian Red Book of izityalo (kwakunye izilwanyana) - uxwebhu oluphambili uzibambileyo ibali, unika iindidi inkathalo kwaye abakhusele ngokusebenzisa umthetho.

Zezityalo zidweliswe ezisengozini

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-Book Red ibekwe iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-550 izityalo akwi kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo, iintsapho kunye neendidi. Ngokubanzi le datha ilandelayo:

• gymnosperms - iintlobo 11;
• izityalo eneentyatyambo (angiosperms) - iintlobo 440 (kuquka izityalo ezivela Red Book of inyibiba entilini);
• izityalo ibihlungu aphezulu - iintlobo-36;
• ulele ibihlungu ephantsi - iintlobo 29;
• abameli ubukumkani amakhowa - iintlobo-17.

Kakade ke, amanani ziyasothusa kunye ezingemnandi. Ukuba iyaqhubeka ngokunje, iplanethi yethu eba biomass amahlwempu. Loo mhlaba, nangona kwaye bethetha Russia. Xa sijonga imephu yehlabathi, kulula ukuqinisekisa ukuba Russian Federation yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kakhulu kuyo.

Phakathi kwezinto ezintle nabadumileyo zonke iintyatyambo zakho ozithandayo, leyo ukuqamba iingoma namabali, leyo ubanike, beze emsithweni umtshakazi bemnandi, zezona elaziwa kakhulu zezi:

• Violet zona;
• lily amanzi yellow;
• Lilium Martagon;
• dolomite yentsimbi;
• iris yellow;
• kakuhle zodonga peony ;
• izityalo ezivela Red Book lily Keyske.

stop Okunye inyibiba bentili, ngokuba ezibangqongileyo ezidweliswe kwiNcwadi Red yokuhamba eninzi imbambano malunga ngokufaneleka ngomlinganiselo.

Izizathu igumbi oyinyibiba Book Red

Ukuqhela iintlobo kunye yokuduka umngcipheko izizathu eziphambili ezibangela amaphepha upapasho Kwabonakala inyibiba entilini. I-Red Book of ezikhuselweyo esi sityalo emnandi kwabo nje bafuna ukuba pick ngokwakho isipha seentyatyambo oluhle. Noko ke, loo nto ayenzi pfuna.

Ngokutsho inyibiba yakutshanje esihlambo sele ngaphandle kuluhlu, nto leyo Red Book of Russia. Izityalo (iinyibiba) ingqalelo abo sele kwakhona amandla abo ixesha elichithwa phantsi ngokhuseleko ngoko akukho endana zisemngciphekweni wokuphela. Kuphela kwezinye iingingqi ezithile lizwe, bathi cwaka phantsi kokhuseleko karhulumente.

Mhlawumbi oku kunjalo. Kodwa akukhangela ubunzima amaqoqo ubuncwane ezingcakacileyo kunye ezi ntyatyambo nedini nice ezincinane ufekethe ezifeleyo phantsi babethengisa iinyanda, ixesha ngalinye kweentyatyambo kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba esi umnyinyiva kuluhlu ngokusisigxina. Akufunekanga ukuba loo nto? Abantu bakufumanisa kunzima ukuchaza indlela ethe nabasengozini inyibiba zesityalo entilini. I-Book Red iye emilebeni zomntu wonke, yonke yesikolo wayesazi ukuba awukwazi kuwukrazula iinyibiba bentili, ngokuba baye aqukiwe kulo. Kwaye ngoku? Ngoku, inkululeko yokufikelela, nto leyo okulungileyo bazokubona na.

Inyibiba Valley: morphology

Kukho nje akezi kunye amagama ezi ntyatyambo ezincinane amhlophe elimnandi! Phakathi kwazo kukho ezifana:

• inyibiba Keyske esihlambo;
• inyibiba entilini;
• abatsha;
• shirt;
• ngumtyholwa;
• cohosh omnyama;
• ingca amehlo;
• izikhwebu bunny;
• May Day lily;
• ingca Mytnaya;
• backache;
• UMariya iintsimbi abanye.

Imbonakalo kufana intyatyambo inyibiba encinane, eqokelelwa iintsimbi yokudubula in white. Lo mzi-mveliso ngo- amagqabi ezimbini ezinkulu lanceolate asakhulayo ukusuka rhizomes komhlaba. Phakathi sheets watsala utolo, leyo eziqokelelwe iintyatyambo. Isityalo angehli, ifikelela ukuphakama 30-35 cm. Esezansi entwasahlobo, iingoma ezininzi kangaka kunye iibhaladi, imibongo iinyibiba zinxulunyaniswa spring, kunye mvuselelo wendalo.

Ummandla lonikezelo

Kuba ukukhula inyibiba entilini zilandelayo iimeko zemozulu ayimfuneko:

• asiyiyo indawo enelanga kakhulu (emahlathini, apho kukho mnyama imithi);
• umhlaba ngokulinganisela emanzi;
• ngokwaneleyo ukuze kweentyatyambo iqondo lobushushu iintlobo.

lily ixesha kweentyatyambo iwela ekupheleni kuka-Epreli noMeyi, xa umoya kodwa ukufudumala kumaqondo yee-ehlotyeni. Ngoko ke, siyaqondakala ke kubizwa ngokuba intyatyambo thermophilic. Umlinganiselo ukufuma kuli ningaxhaleli kakhulu, kwakunye ilanga. Ukungafuni naphulaphula ingaphelelwayo - inyibiba entilini. I Book Red iqulethe izinto kwi ndawo iphambili ukukhula. Zezi zilandelayo:

1. Caucasus.
2. North America.
3. ECrimea.
4. Inxalenye yaseYurophu yaseRashiya.
5. Russian East Far.
6. Kwinxalenye esempuma eSiberia.
7. West eSiberia.
8. Amahlathi kunye ihlathi-emathafeni of Europe.

Inyibiba Valley lubalwa sengozini kwi izizathu wayesele esaziwa kuthi. Apho unako ukufumana inkcazo iimeko apho sikhula isityalo. Oku ikakhulu elintlangothi ehlathini, iibhanki zemilambo, amahlathi kunye glades, amatyholo, iintyatyambo ngamanye amaxesha kumathafa onogumbe kumkhawulela.

imvelaphi

Apho wenza lily? incwadi ebomvu kulo mba wathi zombini izityalo zenkcubeko zokuhomba kuyaziwa ukusuka 1525. Noko ke, iintsomi kunye neentsomi malunga inyibiba entilini abe iingcambu kakhulu yamandulo.

Le yimbali fanele ku kwintsapho lily kwaye imelwe sodidi enye, oquka iintlobo ezintathu (oluhlobo yaqaliswa ngo-2013, phambi kokuba ukuba akukho umahluko iindidi):

• inyibiba entilini;
• inyibiba Keyske esihlambo;
• inyibiba entabeni entilini.

Yonke umahluko morphological phakathi kwezi ntlobo azinamsebenzi kangangokuba abameli ngamnye kubo abakwazi zingahlukaniswa omnye komnye. Njengoko Red Book of Russia, inyibiba izityalo entilini Keyske kunye inyibiba entilini sihlaselwe, ngoko aqukiwe kulo.

Inyibiba entlanjeni neentsomi

Kukho iintsomi ezininzi ezintle enxulumene nezi imibala:

ilejendi Ukrainian

Enye intombazana emanz 'elindele ukuba isithandwa sakhe babuye iphulo yasemkhosini. Kodwa akazange abuye; waphalaza yena iinyembezi ezikrakra, zokuzila ukufa kwakhe. Kuloo ndawo apho iwiswe teardrops neyeeperile, iinyibiba entilini yabonakala.

ilejendi German

Iinyibiba ntlambo - a bead, ezichithachithe Snow White. Baye yaba izibane ezincinci ze ubakhanyisele indlela ebusuku a GNOME kancinane.

ilejendi Ancient yaseScandinavia

Inyibiba Valley - intyatyambo engcwele, ogama emva isithixokazi kwelanga. Wanqula wadela koothixo, yaye njengentlonipho amalungiselelo amatheko esizwe ezintle kunye nemibhiyozo.

ilejendi Russian

Princess Volkhov, ohlala e emazantsi emnyama kunye ulwandle kubanda, wamthanda kunye handsome swashbuckling Sadko, wayekwazi uhadi. Kodwa uthando ke ezingabuyekezekiyo, kuba Sadko uthando elula intombazana Russian Lubawa. Ngenye imini Princess Volkhov weza elunxwemeni, wahamba ngenxa yokuhamba emahlathini ukumamela umdlalo ngohadi yokuba isithandwa sakhe, kodwa endaweni wabona abathandi bonwabile: Sadko kunye Lubawa. Inkosazana walila ngokukrakra eluthandweni ezingabuyekezekiyo, inzondo kunye nekratshi. iinyembezi zakhe wawa emhlabeni, ibuye ibe ntyatyambo othandekayo ubuncwane - iinyibiba entilini. Ukususela ngoko, baye laba uphawu ngokholo, ngobunyulu, ukunyaniseka nobunyulu.

Kukho nezinye iinkolelo abathi ngayo apho evela inyibiba entilini. Red Book ayithethi ngabo, ebhekisela kuphela kwenkcazelo yembali.

amacandelo athile kweli ziko

Cinga amacandelo ezingundoqo esifaka weenyibiba. Red Book ubonisa iimpawu nesakhiwo sayo, njengoko esi sityalo uthathwa esinetyhefu. Akuyi kusetyenziswa yokondla iintaka, kodwa ke izilwanyana ezininzi bakulungele ukusebenzisa i iziqhamo ezintle-orenji-ezibomvu eqaqambileyo njengendlela izimfimfithi-gazi zangaphakathi.

Uninzi umxholo yasekhaya iintyatyambo inyibiba entilini awayephantsi amafutha abalulekile. Ethetha component ukwakhiwa isiqu namagqabi, kuba glycosides malunga 30 sezakhi, nelona galelo ezo konvallatoksin kunye konvallatoskol. Kuyinto ezi ndidi zibalulekileyo ukulungiselela iinjongo zonyango abantu.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezityalo

Kukho iindawo ezininzi inyibiba entilini lisetyenziswa kuyo. I Book Red unika inkcazelo kwezi nkalo zilandelayo:

1. kummandla zokuhombisa kuqoqosho yabantu.
2. Medicine.
3. Pet ukutya.
4. Amakha zokuthambisa.

Into yokuba isityalo lisetyenziswa ukuhonjiswa, oko kufanelekile. Omnye kuphela ukujonga iinyibiba entilini. Ifoto ibonisa indlela lihle, icocekile kwaye ethandekayo iintyatyambo ezimhlophe.

Ishishini isiqhumiso isebenzisa neeoli ezixabisekileyo eynza isityalo ekuveliseni amakha, perfume de toilette phunga kunye unuke nomoya.

nexabiso laso ekwenzeni amayeza

Xa amayeza, inyibiba esihlambo nalo mba. Red Book incazelo parameter unika: izakhi ethile inyibiba entilini wayenza intliziyo olusebenzayo tsakisi, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo okanye engafanelekanga leyo enokukhokelela nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Ngowe-1881, njengoko isityalo amayeza kwizintlu ezifanelekileyo yaziswa inyibiba entilini. I-Red Book kwakhona ngenxa yesi sizathu ebandakanya intyantyambo. Izazinzulu Zelenin eyedwa isicatshulwa ukuba buthathaka izihlunu zentliziyo spasm. Ukususela ngoko, i-tincture isetyenziswa ngokubanzi inyibiba ntlambo, intliziyo tsakisi.