Le manyano - yintoni oku? Trade Unions of Russia. Lo Trade Unions Act

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le manyano - lo mbutho kuphela ezinikele ukumela ngokupheleleyo nokukhusela amalungelo kunye neemfuno zabasebenzi. Kwaye ukukwazi ukunceda ngokuqinileyo ngokwayo ukuba esweni ukhuseleko, ukusombulula iimbambano yabasebenzi kwaye lifundise abasebenzi ukunyaniseka kwishishini, nokuba nethuba ukubafundisa ingqeqesho kwimveliso. Ngoko ke, njengokuba abanini imibutho, kwaye umqeshwa nje eziqhelekileyo uyazazi kwaye uziqonda ubume kunye neempawu ze manyano.

Ingcamango abavela kwiimanyano zabasebenzi

Le manyano - umbutho wabasebenzi lweshishini ukuze bakwazi ukucombulula evela imiba enxulumene neemeko zabo zokusebenza, iimfuno zabo kwinkalo izinto zasemsebenzini.

Umqeshwa ngamnye kwishishini, leyo umbutho, unelungelo abazithandeleyo. Kwi-Russian Federation, ngokutsho komthetho, abantu bamanye amazwe kunye nabantu ngaphandle ngummi kwakhona bafumane ubulungu yelizwe kwiqembu, ukuba ngaba kungqubana nezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe.

Okwangoku, ukwakha imanyano kwaye ayikwazi ummi ngamnye Russian oye eminyakeni yobudala engama-14, yaye wenza umsebenzi yabasebenzi.

ERashiya, umthetho safaka umbutho engundoqo yabasebenzi. Ngaphantsi kokuba luqondwa ngumbutho ngokuzithandela onke amalungu ayo abasebenza lweshishini efanayo. isakhiwo yayo kuyilwa amaqela umbutho okanye umntu imibutho zemanyano zabasebenzi oomasifundisane okanye amasebe.

Primary efanayo zorhwebo-union uyakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi kushishino imibutho, kwi inkalo kagunyaziwe okanye naziphi na iimpawu, ukuba Okukodwa ukusebenza.

Association of iimanyano zabasebenzi unelungelo lokuba basebenzisane kunye neemanyano zabasebenzi kwamanye amazwe, ukuze angene kwisivumelwano kunye nabo kunye nezivumelwano ukwenza unxulumano ngamazwe.

Types nemizekelo

Imibutho yabasebenzi, kuxhomekeke iimpawu zazo sobummandla zihlukaniswe:

1. Bonke-Russian imanyano yabasebenzi ehlanganisa ngaphezu kwesiqingatha abasebenzi enye okanye eziliqela amacandelo umsebenzi, okanye osebenza kummandla ngaphezu kwesiqingatha kwizifundo RF.
2. Inter-regional imibutho zemanyano yabasebenzi, abafakwe yorhwebo ndibopha amasebe enye okanye ngaphezulu kummandla izifundo ezininzi Russian Federation, kodwa ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha inani lawo elipheleleyo.
3. Umbutho Territorial of Trade Unions, ukumanyanisa amalungu neemanyano zabasebenzi enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zifundo RF, izixeko okanye kwezinye iindawo. Umzekelo, i-Arkhangelsk yengingqi zemanyano zabasebenzi abasebenzi ngenqwelomoya okanye naseNovosibirsk loMmandla Umbutho of Trade Union of Abasebenzi kwinkalo yemfundo karhulumente kunye nenzululwazi.

Yonke imibutho zinokudityaniswa, ngokulandelelana, kwi izayamaniso nqila okanye imibutho ezifunda nemibutho yabasebenzi. Njengoko kwakunye iibhodi ifomu okanye iikomiti. Umzekelo, i-Volgograd yoMmandla Council of Trade Unions - ubunye lwengingqi mibutho zommandla iimanyano zabasebenzi lonke.

Omnye umzekelo okuphawuleka umbutho eyinkunzi. Iimanyano eMoscow iinguqulelo Moscow Federation of Trade Unions ngo-1990.

Kuxhomekeka endle leengcali, uyakwazi ukubona neemanyano zabasebenzi imisebenzi ezahlukeneyo kunye neendidi zemisebenzi zabasebenzi. Umzekelo, umanyano kootitshala, umanyano lwabasebenzi zonyango, abadanisi abadlali union okanye neseemvumi, njalo-njalo. D.

Union Charter

imibutho yabasebenzi kunye nemibutho yabo zakhiwa kwaye elisekwe sisekelo, isakhiwo sayo kunye nolawulo. Kwakhona self-ukuhlela umsebenzi wabo, ukubamba iinkomfa, iintlanganiso kunye nezinye iziganeko ezifanayo.

Imimiselo neemanyano zabasebenzi kwamashishini, nto leyo zifakiwe isakhiwo Unxulumano Russian okanye nqila, kufuneka ukuziphikisa imithetho mbutho. Umzekelo, ikomiti wengingqi neemanyano zabasebenzi nawuphi na ummandla kufuneka ukuvumela i mnqophiso, equlethe amalungiselelo zichasene kumalungiselelo nqila Trade Union, ubume leyo kuqala kulo mbutho.

Kulo mzekelo, lo ummiselo kufuneka iquke:

• igama, injongo kunye nomsebenzi lo mfelandawonye;
• iindidi kunye namaqela munye ngabasebenzi;
• inkqubo izilungiso lo mnqophiso, benza iminikelo;
• amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi yamalungu ayo, iimeko zokuphelisa ubulungu bombutho;
• isakhiwo union;
• imithombo yengeniso kunye umyalelo kulawulo lwepropati;
• iimeko iimpawu komdibaniso litsha, kwaye lomqhubi abasebenzi;
• yonke eminye imicimbi enxulumene umsebenzi manyano.

Ubhaliso lwe zemanyano zabasebenzi njengeziko esemthethweni

Lo umbutho wabasebenzi okanye umbutho, ngokomthetho Russian, urhulumente kufuneka ibhaliswe njengoko iqumrhu elisemthethweni. Kodwa ayikho imfuneko.

ubhaliso State lenzeka abasemagunyeni lolawulo kwindawo kwindawo zorhwebo-womanyano. Ngenxa yale nkqubo, umbutho ummeli kufuneka anike originals okanye iikopi kubameli lo mnqophiso, iindibano izigqibo ukusekwa umbutho wabasebenzi, isigqibo malunga ekuvunyweni mnqophiso uluhlu lwe-nxaxheba. Emva kuyo isigqibo sokunikwa ngokomthetho. ubuso, kwaye idatha mbutho uya kwenziwa kwindawo iRejista enye State.

Nembumba yabasebenzi lwabasebenzi emfundo, abasebenzi zoshishino, iingcali okanye amagcisa ezifana komdibaniso nayiphi nabanye abantu enokulungiswa okanye amatyala. Ngaphezu koko, uhlengahlengiso wayo kufuneka yenziwe ngokungqinelana manqaku ezivunyiweyo yombutho kunye nokupheliswa - umthetho federal.

Le manyano ukuze kuphele ukuba imisebenzi yayo baphule uMgaqo siseko Russian Federation okanye imithetho yase. Kwakhona kwezi meko, ukukwazi nyanzela wamiswa okwethutyana umsebenzi iinyanga ukuya ku-12.

ummiselo osemthethweni iimanyano zabasebenzi

Imisebenzi ye iimanyano zabasebenzi namhlanje kulawulwa ngumthetho uMthetho Federal № 10 yomhla January 12, 1996 "On Trade Unions, Amalungelo zabo kunye Iziqinisekiso". iinguqu zakutshanje ziye zenziwa Disemba 22, 2014.

Lo mthetho uqulunqwayo ekhuselwe ingqiqo manyano kunye nemiqathango ezisisiseko ezinxulumene nayo. Kwakunye namalungelo kunye ziziqinisekiso unxulumano kunye namalungu ayo.

Ngokutsho Art. 4 loMthetho Federal usebenza kuwo onke amashishini ibekwe kummandla Russian Federation, kwakunye yonke imizi-mveliso Russian, ezo phesheya.

Ngokuba imimiselo yowiso kweentshukumo zemanyano zabasebenzi kushishino emkhosini, imizimba zomthetho, ekugwebeni kunye prokurorstve, i-Federal Security Service, abasemagunyeni amasiko, kuba kolawulo amalungu ukuthutyeleziswa kweziyobisi, kwakunye umsebenzi wenkonzo yomlilo yoMphathiswa, Iimeko zikaxakeka, kukho eyahlukileyo ezifanelekileyo imithetho yase.

imisebenzi

Eyona njongo iphambili ye manyano, njengoko umbutho kawonke ukukhusela abasebenzi amalungelo, kukuthi, ngokufanelekileyo, umelo kunye nokukhuselwa loluntu kunye nabasebenzi 'iminqweno, namalungelo abemi.

Le manyano - umbutho eyenzelwe bakhusele imfuno kunye namalungelo abasebenzi emsebenzini wabo, ukuphucula iimeko abasebenza ngayo abasebenzi, ukuphumeza intlawulo onesidima, ukusebenza kunye nomqeshi.

Umdla, leyo eyenzelwe ukukhusela ezi imibutho ibe izisombululo kwi yokhuseleko yezabasebenzi, imivuzo, ukudilizwa, nokuncipha abasebenzi, ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela Code Labour kunye nemithetho yabasebenzi ethile enxulumene.

Konke oku kungentla ibhekisela "ukukhusela" umsebenzi umbutho. Enye indima iimanyano zabasebenzi - lo ngumsebenzi umelo. Yeyiphi ubudlelwane phakathi kweemanyano kunye norhulumente.

Olu phawu - lo ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abasebenzi bengekho kwinqanaba lwamashishini kwaye kwinqanaba likazwelonke. Ngenxa yoko, iimanyano zabasebenzi anelungelo ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kunyulo lwamabhunga self-government wengingqi egameni abasebenzi. Bangathatha inxaxheba kuphuhliso karhulumente lweenkqubo yokhuseleko yabasebenzi, ingqesho kunye njalo njalo. Njl

Ifuna izilangazelelo Imibutho abasebenzi asebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye namaqela eyahlukeneyo yezopolitiko, yaye maxa wambi yenza Iindlela zabo.

yamalungelo

Imibutho yabasebenzi - izimele namagunya olawulo kunye namaqumrhu self-government wengingqi kunye nokucwangciswa yolawulo yenkampani. Kunye nale, ngaphandle kokukhetha, imibutho efana banamalungelo alinganayo.

amalungelo zemanyano zabasebenzi ezisisiseko sentlalo eziqulathwe kuMgaqo kuMthetho Federal "On Trade Unions, Amalungelo zabo kunye Iziqinisekiso".

Ngokwalo mthetho, lo mbutho uya kuba nelungelo:

• ukukhusela iimfanelo zabasebenzi;
• Ukongeza lamanyathelo abasemagunyeni ukwenziwa imithetho echaphazelekayo;
• inxaxheba ukwamkelwa kunye nengxoxo imithetho uyilo olucetywayo ngabo;
• abasebenzi ukufikelela unimpeded kwiindawo kunye nokufumana lonke ulwazi loluntu kunye nabasebenzi kumqeshi;
• ngeholo, nengxoxo yabo bebonke;
• ebonisa njengomqeshi umonakalo, leyo kufuneka ukusombulula phakathi evekini;
• irallie, iintlanganiso, ugwayimbo, ukukhulisa amabango umdla yabasebenzi;
• inxaxheba ngokulinganayo kulawulo kweemali zikarhulumente, ezo zenziwe iintlawulo zobulungu;
• ukudala uhlolo zabo ukuze iliso iimeko zokusebenza, ukuthobela kunye nezivumelwano ezidityanelweyo kunye nokhuseleko lwendalo lwabasebenzi.

imibutho zemanyano zabasebenzi banelungelo ilifa propati ezifana nomhlaba, izakhiwo, ukwakha, Spa kunye zemidlalo izibonelelo, izindlu zokushicilela. Kwaye inokuba abanini izibambiso, ilungelo ukudala kwaye linikise ngee-mali emali.

Ukuba iimveliso kwakukho ubungozi kwimpilo okanye ebomini abantu abasebenzayo, usihlalo wombutho wabasebenzi unelungelo lokucela umqeshi ukuxazulula. Ukuba oku akwenzeki, ukupheliswa yabasebenzi ekupheliseni zokuphula.

Ukuba Enterprise ngokutsha okanye uyathinjwa, ngokwenjenjalo sibe sibi iimeko zokusebenza zabasebenzi okanye abasebenzi ziza kuncitshiswa, inkampani unyanzelekile ukuba azise umbutho zingadlulanga iinyanga ezintathu phambi kokuba siganeko.

Ngenxa kwingxowa-inshorensi yoluntu nemibutho esisigxina ukuze aqhube imisebenzi zokuzonwabisa amalungu ayo, ukungazithumeli kuwo kunye iiholide.

amalungelo abasebenzi ukuba ajoyine umanyano

Kakade ke, okokuqala zonke iimanyano zabasebenzi ayimfuneko kubasebenzi amashishini. Ngoncedo le mibutho, zihlanganise, umqeshwa ufumana ilungelo:

• zonke izibonelelo ezibonelelwe yi Ngokwesivumelwano esidityanelweyo;
• ukukhuthaza manyano zokujongana nemiba impikiswano kwimivuzo, iiholide, yokukhulisa kumsebenzi awuqeqeshelweyo;
• ukufumana uncedo ezamahala yomthetho, ukuba kuyimfuneko enkundleni;
• ukukhuthaza urhwebo umbutho womanyano ngophuhliso noqeqesho;
• lokukhuselwa kwiimeko ukugxothwa ngendlela engafanelekanga, ukungahlawulwa ekunciphiseni, njengembuyekezo yomonakalo obangelwe emisebenzini;
• uncedo ekwenzeni iivawutsha ukuba iiholide kunye sanatoriums ngokwabo kunye namalungu eentsapho zabo.

umthetho Russian lithintela ucalulo ngokusekelwe yelo NEEMANYANO ZABASEBENZI EZAZIWAYO. . Oko kukuthi, akukho into umqeshwa lwamashishini - ilungu union okanye hayi, amalungelo nenkululeko aqinisekiswe yi-siseko, kufuneka ibe kuphela. Umqeshi akanalo ilungelo lokuba amgxothe kuye ngenxa ajoyine umanyano okanye ukuqesha imeko olusisinyanzelo ubulungu.

Imbali kunye nophuhliso nemibutho esisigxina baseRashiya

Ngowe-1905-1907, ngexesha revolution, manyano yokuqala yabasebenzi eRashiya. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ngeli xesha sele likhona ixesha elide aze efanayo ixesha esisebenza kakuhle eYurophu eMelika.

Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba lo mbuso eRashiya, kwakukho iikomiti zoqhankqalazo. Owakhulayo ngcembe kwaye uhlelwe ezitshatileyo nemibutho yabasebenzi.

Umhla Isiseko nemibutho yokuqala professional ingqalelo ukuya 30.04.1906 nyaka. Ngale mini, ukuba kubanjwe intlanganiso yokuqala yabasebenzi eMoscow (besiNyithi kunye zombane). Nangona sele phambi komhla (10.06.1905 g) kwindawo yokuqala Zonke-Russian Conference of Trade Unions lenzeka le Moscow bureau of Komishinala (Central Bureau of Trade Unions).

Zonke iintshukumo ngexesha revolution kwenzeka ngokungekho mthethweni, kuquka iNgqungquthela yesibini Zonke-Russian of Trade Unions, eyayibanjelwe eSt Petersburg ekupheleni kukaFebruwari 1906. De-1917, bonke umbutho wabasebenzi idlwengulweyo, Thunder amandla yedwa. Kodwa emva ukubhukuqwa kubo baqala ixesha entsha entle. Kwafika ke ikomiti yokuqala wengingqi iimanyano zabasebenzi.

Okwesithathu Conference Zonke-Russian of Trade Unions iye yabanjwa e-Juni 1917. Waye kunyulwa All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions. Ngaloo mini waza waqalisa ukwanda imibutho axilongwe.

Trade Unions of Russia emva 1917 baqala ukwenza iqela lemisebenzi esemqoka ezintsha, eziquka nokukhathalela ekukhuleni kwemveliso nokuvusa inqanaba kuqoqosho. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba le ingqalelo imveliso kakhulu ekunyamekeleni kwabasebenzi. Ukuze ezi njongo, iimanyano zabasebenzi waqalisa ukuphumeza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ukhuphiswano phakathi kwabasebenzi, zibandakanywe nawo kwinkqubo zabasebenzi kunye nokuziphatha nemveliso yenze kuzo.

Kule minyaka 1918-1918 i-Congress yokuqala neyesibini Zonke-Russian of Trade Unions yabanjwa apho khosi yophuhliso lombutho latshintshwa yi kwiBolsheviks kwicala phantsi kwesizwe. Ukususela ngoko, ukuya ku-imi- 50-70 kwiimanyano zabasebenzi Russian wayehluke kakhulu kwezo olwalukho West. Ngoku ngaba ukukhusela amalungelo kunye neemfuno zabasebenzi. Kwanokuba ukujoyina imibutho data phantsi korhulumente abasekho ukuba ngokuzithandela (umlinganiswa esisinyanzelo enxibe).

Ngokungafaniyo noogxa babo Western, ubume besebe kwaba sokuhlanganisa zonke abasebenzi eziqhelekileyo kunye nabaphathi. Oku kwakhokelela ukungabikho epheleleyo yomzabalazo kunye yokugqibela.

Kwiminyaka 1950-1970 izenzo zomthetho eziliqela baye bamkelwa, esinika imibutho amalungelo noxanduva ezintsha, ubanike inkululeko engakumbi. Yaye mbutho yee-80 aba, isakhiwo oluzinzileyo branched, ethe ngokulungelelanisiweyo abhaliwe inkqubo yezopolitiko eli lizwe. Kodwa ke inqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu uyilandela. Kwaye ngenxa iwonga elikhulu kwiimanyano zabasebenzi, ezininzi iingxaki yakhe ithe cwaka, iyenza nzima ukuphuhlisa nokuphucula umbutho.
Ngelo xesha, umgaqo-nkqubo ithuba le meko kwaye eyaziswa ubunzima indlela yabo kunye ezinamandla nemibutho yabasebenzi.

Kumaxesha Soviet, umbutho zobungcali engavumelani Subbotniks, imiboniso, ukhuphiswano kunye nomsebenzi weqela sifundo. Bathi abele iivawutsha, amagumbi kunye nezinye izibonelelo eziphathekayo enikwa ngurhulumente, phakathi kwabasebenzi. A uhlobo lisebe zentlalo-nendlu yenkampani.

Emva luhlengahlengiso 1990-1992, iimanyano zabasebenzi ndizuze inkululeko lombutho. Ngowe-1995, ukuba sele ifakiwe imigaqo ezintsha zokusebenza eziye ingatshintshwa nge nokufika kwedemokrasi kunye kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho kweli lizwe.

Nemibutho yabasebenzi Contemporary Russia

Yembali ekhankanywe apha ngasentla kunye nophuhliso lwemibutho sokuqeqeshelwa kuqondwe ukuba emva yiSoviet Union iwa, kwaye ilizwe liye lathatha ulawulo lwentando yesininzi, abantu baqalisa ukuhamba en endle imibutho data-korhulumente. Abazange ufuna ukuba kwinkqubo ingenalo novelwano, ecinga ukuba awasebenzi zalo siqu. Impembelelo iimanyano zabasebenzi sele ababhangayo. Abaninzi kubo ithe yachithwa ngokupheleleyo.

Kodwa ekupheleni 90 iimanyano zabasebenzi zaye kwakhona kwasekwa. Sele udidi olutsha. Trade Unions of Russia namhlanje - oko umbutho, elizimeleyo karhulumente. Mabazame ukwenza imisebenzi odidi kufutshane betye Western.

Kwakhona ku Russia kukho imibutho yabasebenzi, leyo efana kumsebenzi wabo imodeli Japanese, njengako apho imibutho anceda ukuphucula ubudlelwane phakathi kwabasebenzi nolawulo, ayithethi kuphela ukukhusela kwenxaxheba yabaqeshwa bakarhulumente kwaye uzama ukufumana ukusilela. Loo kulwalamano kuthiwe yemveli.

Kulo mzekelo, zombini iintlobo yokuqala neyesibini nemibutho yabasebenzi kwi-Russian Federation zenza iimpazamo elibazisa uphuhliso lwabo, sigqwethe iziphumo ezintle yomsebenzi wabo. Zizo ezi:

• politicization olunamandla;
• onesimo ko baya;
• amorphousness lombutho yabo.

Modern zemanyano zabasebenzi - umbutho ixesha nengqalelo elininzi ihlawulwe iziganeko zezopolitiko. Bayakuthanda ukuba ngokuchasene kurhulumente lwangoku, akhohlwe ubunzima yemihla ngemihla abasebenzi ezincinane. Amaxesha amaninzi iinkokeli umanyene ukuze kuphuculwe ukuthembeka kwayo, ingakumbi imibutho ugwayimbo kunye nemiboniso kwabasebenzi, kungekho sizathu. Yeyiphi kwamathandabuzo libonisa kakubi zombini kwimveliso xa iyonke, kunye nabasebenzi ngokukodwa. Ke ekugqibeleni, umbutho yangaphakathi nemibutho esisigxina mihla sikude egqibeleleyo. Xa abaninzi kubo akukho umanyano, ngokufuthi ukutshintsha ulwalathiso, iinkokeli, usihlalo. kakubi Found kweemali womanyano.

Kwimibutho yemveli, kukho enye ethile ebalulekileyo; ke wona ngokuzenzekelayo yokuqesha. Isiphumo awunamdla lutho, abazi nokukhusela amalungelo abo kunye nomdla ukuba abasebenzi amashishini. Iimanyano ngokwabo musa ukusombulula iingxaki, kodwa kukho ngokusesikweni kuphela. Kwimibutho ezinjalo, iinkokeli zabo kunye usihlalo wombutho wabasebenzi elikhethiweyo, umthetho, inkokheli umthwalo zizibakala kuqala.

isiphelo

Imbali yokudalwa kanye ukuguqulwa nemibutho yabasebenzi kwi-Russian Federation, kwakunye namalungelo, uxanduva iimpawu zezi mibutho ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, sinokugqiba ukuba ishishini lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwezentlalo noqoqosho kuluntu kunye karhulumente xa iyonke.

Phezu kwazo nje iingxaki ezikhoyo ekusebenzeni nemibutho yabasebenzi kwi-Russian Federation, umbutho data, Kakade ke, kubalulekile ukuba kwilizwe ngokulwela idemokhrasi, inkululeko kunye nokulingana abemi balo.