Labemi kunye indawo kummandla naseNovosibirsk. Isixeko uMmandla naseNovosibirsk

Engasezantsi Western eSiberia ibekwe kummandla naseNovosibirsk, ngomda intsimi zeAltai, eOmsk, Tomsk kunye Kemerovo mimandla, kwaye enye kwimimandla umda, ndawonye ne Kazakhstan.

Imbali kwiNgingqi naseNovosibirsk

ummandla naseNovosibirsk yasekwa ngo-1937, kodwa ke uphuhliso ndawo kudala kwenzeka phambi kokuba nokubunjwa kwayo. Xa bemba ezahlukeneyo iintsalela, izazinzulu baye bacinga ukuba ukubonakala lokuqala mntu emva kweli xesha Paleolithic, lalo kwi Stone Age zifunyenwe.

Ngcembe kakuhle loo mmandla kunye nabantu yommandla naseNovosibirsk kumaXesha Aphakathi aba izizwe zamaTurkic, ephethwe khans. Xa Kwiinkulungwane 13-15 le ndawo yaba ongaphandle olusempuma iGolden mkhosi mkhulu kunene, kancinane emva koko - ukuba Siberian Khanate.

Kuphela phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-17, ngokutsho izazinzulu ezininzi, le ndawo baba ngabantu Russian, kwaye kwindawo ethile 1644 kwasekwa kwilali Maslyanino. Ngokuthe ngcembe lo mmandla naseNovosibirsk waqalisa ukwandisa indawo ngokwakha zemizana, iinqaba, wakha Imfuduko, xa iingozi mbuya yehla.

Phambi ko-1921, ezifana ayisekho le ndawo, ekubeni yayiyimini yinxalenye kwiphondo Tomsk, laphinda inxalenye Novonikolayevsk kwiphondo, ummandla eSiberia, ummandla West yaseSiberia. Kuphela ngo-1937 enyeleni yahlulwe kabini: i naseNovosibirsk Region kunye zeAltai Territory.

indawo

Namhlanje, yenye yezona Russian Federation. Ummandla kummandla naseNovosibirsk yi 177 amawaka macala onke. Km, singene kwindawo ye-18 kuzo zonke iingingqi Russian kunye nendawo 6 kwi the Siberian Federal weSithili emva Krasnoyarsk Territory, kummandla Irkutsk, kunye nabanye. Ibanga ukusuka emantla ukuya wasezantsi 444 km, ukusuka empuma kuye entshona - 642 km.

labantu

Inani labantu ummandla naseNovosibirsk kwi ukubalwa 2013 yaba 2.7 million abantu. Uninzi - ezi abahlali basezidolophini, kodwa kunokuba 77%, ngoko ke Ubuninzi babantu abantu 15.2. macala nganye. km. 90% yabantu - Russian, njengoko zimelwe zizwe, amaJamani, Ukraine, kunye nabanye. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lo mmandla zasedolophini, nto leyo ithetha ukuba ziphila naseNovosibirsk 60%, 17% - nakwezinye izixeko, kwaye% 23 kuphela - kwiidolophu, ezilalini zokuhlala ezidolophini.

Izixeko needolophu

Isixeko ummandla naseNovosibirsk - kuba zifundo-15 kuphela. NaseNovosibirsk ithathwa inkulu, elinabemi yabantu 1.5 million, naye Berdsk elinabemi ezimalunga ne-100 lamawaka. Man, Iskitim, Kuibyshev, kunye nabanye, apho nani ayidluli 30 lamawaka. Man.

Imizi yamandulo Kargath kunye Berdsk, owayebonakele ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, kwaye mncinane - i-OB, wasekwa ngo-1934. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, isixeko ithiywe emva kwingingqi engundoqo emlanjeni, kodwa umzila yi km 15.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba labemi abaninzi abahlala kwizixeko kwingingqi une izithili yolawulo 30 no-17 -uhlobo zasezidolophini zokuhlala. Ilali ummandla naseNovosibirsk umntu ngembali yaso, yaye abanye babo baye kwiinkulungwane eziliqela. Enye edumileyo kuthathwa Kolyvan, apho malunga ne-12 amawaka. Abantu, asinto ibe ubutyebi bembali (iingxelo kulo mhla emva kunyaka 1797). Kukho obhinqileyo Alexander Nevsky Monastery, elinye ezimbini wonke loo mmandla. Village okanye anelisekile, apho malunga ne-7 amawaka. Abantu. Kukholelwa ukuba yasekwa ngo-1703, nangona sibuzwa umhla. Kufuphi ilali kukho kweso sibhedlele, owona kwisiseko unyango kunye nothintelo phecana zesisu (kwakhiwa 1965).

ummandla naseNovosibirsk: Kuibyshev

Omnye wemizi emikhulu, ukongezelela naseNovosibirsk, fumana Kuibyshev, apho malunga ne-45 amawaka. Abantu. Esi sixeko yasekwa ngo-1722 njengoko inqaba yomkhosi ngokuchasene mbuya ukuhlasela, wabiza Kainsk oko kuthetha kuguqulelo evela ngolwimi Baraba AmaTatar "ezinde". Sele 1743, xa lwakwakhiwa ibandla, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukusebenzisa le ndawo yokuhlala, kwaye kancinane lwandiswe. Ngowe-1935 le dolophu igama Kuibyshev. kummandla naseNovosibirsk, anavuma kwakhona ngowe-1937, zafunyanwa ubulungu balo kulo mzi, leyo isibini iminyaka latshintsha igama Kuibyshev kunye Kuibyshev, kodwa ekugqibeleni wabuyela version sokuqala.

Iminyaka engaphezu kwama-80 kuye kwakhiwa kwizikolo eziliqela kunye namaziko emfundo aphakamileyo, vula inyama Distillery, ezinokwakheka imveliso yezityalo kunye zokuthunga mveliso.

Ezinomtsalane eziphambili zezi ibandla St John uMbhaptizi, eyakhiwa ngo-1904, kuphela ukuba iye yasinda phezu kweminyaka kwamandla Soviet. Kwakhona, National History Museum, leyo yavulwa ngo-1988, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo amaziko enkcubeko kamasipala.

Nature and Climate

Ummandla kummandla naseNovosibirsk mkhulu ngokwaneleyo. Sikhoyo eSiberia, kodwa nemozulu ngokwanelisayo epholileyo apho ehlotyeni ezishushu ubusika obubandayo. Akukho imozulu olungaqhelekanga kubanda, njengoko ezininzi Koloni naseMpuma eSiberia, kodwa ngenye imini sabhalwa -51 °.

Inxalenye Apho ehlathini boreal (kunoko, 1/5), ezimila uhlobo lomthi ezifana pine, umsipres nompleyini, ezinde, kananjalo amadlelo kunye neentaba. Ummandla obuninzi kwezimbiwa, kuquka oyile, amalahle, nezentsimbi ekrwada bebala naziiperile, kunye negolide.

Amadama ezingundoqo kummandla naseNovosibirsk - umlambo OB kunye Om kunye naseNovosibirsk Reservoir, okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuba, uLwandle ob.

Ummandla ezitsala abakhenkethi kunye nendalo yawo kwaye ubukho imithombo thermal kunye needipozithi udaka, kangangokuba wavula ezininzi sanatoriums kunye izindlu zamabhoda, apho abantu ukuba bakhululeke amphilise.

umnotho

Ummandla kummandla naseNovosibirsk, xa kuthelekiswa ne kwizifundo ze Koloni naseMpuma eSiberia, abancinane nabakhulu, kodwa, luyayidlula eDenmark, Belgium, iNetherlands neSwitzerland zidityanisiwe, yaye oku kuvumela ekuphuhliseni uqoqosho kwayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezisukela shishino kunye nesiphelo kunye uKhenketho lwezendalo.

Yintoni umdla - ingeniso ephambili kuzisa icandelo inkonzo, olubalelwa 60% of GDP, 24% ushishino kunye zolimo 6-7%, nto leyo ithetha ukuba ukukhula lotyalo-mali lwangaphandle liyenyuka, ebonisa ukuba nomtsalane le ngingqi.

Lo mmandla esisityebi kwizimbiwa, yaye sivulelekile 523 idipozithi, malunga nama-80 kuzo ayasetyenziswa ngoku. Ephuhliswe kakuhle amashishini njengokwakha Umatshini, ishishini iikhemikhali kunye neenkuni, yokunyibilikisa isinyithi ahle kunye nonferrous, ukuveliswa izinto zokwakha.

Kwezolimo, ikakhulu benza ukufuya iinkomo, iinkukhu kunye neegusha, kwakunye nokukhula iflakisi.

isabelo sayo kummandla sophuhliso kwaye lazisa amafutha kunye namandla ngohlobo ushishino oyile kwakunye namalahle.

Zonke umzi enkulu kummandla naseNovosibirsk igalelo kuphuhliso mmandla. Hayi kuphela naseNovosibirsk - embindini lonke uqoqosho, kodwa Kuibyshev, kunye Berdsk kunye Iskitim.

Infrastructure and Administration

NaseNovosibirsk Region Administration inamandla yayo lomthetho nelesigqeba, kwaye umi phambi kwirhuluneli. Ngokuba lonke ixesha 5 anyulwa ngayo ngabantu kwaye atyunjwa nguMongameli kwiminyaka emva kokumiselwa neyamabamba Russian.

Lo mmandla wonke yahlulwe iiyunithi yezolawulo, eziquka imizi-15, kuquka 8 kubo of ngaphantsi lwengingqi, 30 izithili zolawulo, iidolophu-17, kunye namaziko olawulo 428 yasemaphandleni.

ummandla naseNovosibirsk - esinye sezifundo eziphuhlileyo e Western eSiberia ngalo kulo kweendawo zezithuthi ebalulekileyo, kukho 11 izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya (Tolmachevo nto ngamazwe). Kubalulekile kunye kaloliwe ethatha km 1,500.

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba nalo iziko wezenzululwazi nakwimfundo, kunye phambi Akademgorodok, apho kukho ezininzi kumaziko ophando, leyo, Kakade ke, ukhuthaza ulawulo kummandla naseNovosibirsk. Itsala abasebenzi abatsha, abasebenza kwi-State University, Physics and Mathematics School, i-Institute of Nuclear Physics, kumbindi ngumzuzu kunye biotechnology kunye namanye amaziko zenzululwazi.