KwiTestamente eNdala yaye iTestamente Entsha: imbali ukuyilwa, umxholo, iimfano neeyantlukwano

UbuKristu ngalo mzuzu - unqulo kakhulu abaninzi ehlabathini. Ngokutsho manani ngamazwe, inani amarhamente bayo abantu ngaphezu kwezigidi ezibini, okanye malunga isinye kwisithathu sabemi behlabathi. Akumangalisi ke ukuba le nkolo ulinike ilizwe le ncwadi obala kunazo kwaye adumileyo - iBhayibhile. Scriptures amaKristu inani leekopi kunye nentengiso imikhondo kwe ethengwa ngoku elinesihlanu lamakhulu eminyaka.

Ukubunjwa iBhayibhile

Asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba igama elithi "iBhayibhile" - oku nje isininzi igama lesiGrike elithi "vivlos", gama elo elithetha "ncwadi." Ngoko ke, akukho malunga imveliso enye, kodwa ingqokelela kwiitekisi ezibhalwe ngababhali ezahlukahlukeneyo, kwaye ebhalwe zaphawula ezahlukeneyo. Imibundu leyo yeminyango ixesha lokugqibela oko kuvavanywa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: in a XIV. BC. e. phezu II. n. e.

IBhayibhile iqulathe izigaba ezibini eziphambili, ezo zibizwa ngokuba yiTestamente Endala iTestamente Entsha kwi isigama lamaKristu. Phakathi amalungu eCawa siya ngokubaluleka yokugqibela.

iTestamente endala

Inxalenye yokuqala kunye ezinkulu zeZibhalo zamaKristu kwasekwa kudala ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaYesu Kristu. Iincwadi zeTestamente eNdala eyaziwa njengokuba iBhayibhile yesiHebhere, njengoko bazenze zambi umlinganiswa engcwele kubuYuda. Kakade ke, ngokuba unyule bona Isichazi "omdala" ngokunxulumene kwiincwadi zakhe akwamkelekanga kwaphela. NeTanakh (njengoko ubizwa kwindawo yazo) lingunaphakade, engaguquguqukiyo jikelele.

Le ngqokelela iquka ezine (njengako yokuhlela Christian) iindawo, apho la magama alandelayo:

1. incwadi Zakonopolozhitelnye.
2. iincwadi History.
3. iincwadi yayisetyenziselwa.
4. iincwadi zesiprofeto.

Ngalinye kula macandelo iqulathe inani elithile iitekisi kunye nenani labo inokuba nomahluko emasebeni bamaKristu. Ezinye iincwadi OT nayo uwahlule ube zahlulo okanye zidityaniswe kunye nabanye kwaye phakathi kwabo. Eyona ndlela iphambili ingqalelo abahleli, lwezinto 39 zezicatshulwa ezahlukeneyo. Eyona ndawo ibalulekileyo neTanakh - i njalo-ebizwa ngokuba yiTorah, equka iincwadi ezintlanu zokuqala. isiko benkolo ukuba umbhali wayo - umprofeti uMoses. OT ekugqibeleni kwasekwa malunga phakathi kwe BC nkulungwane yokuqala. e., kwaye ngexesha lethu kwamkelwa uxwebhu engcwele onke amasebe bobuKristu, kodwa izikolo ezininzi Gnostic Marcion kunye neecawa.

NT

Ke kwiTestamente Entsha, ibe yingqokelela imisebenzi ababezalelwe enzulwini ubuKristu lutsha. It iqulathe iincwadi 27, eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi kuzo - yokuqala itekisi ezine, ekuthiwa zeVangeli. Laba ngobomi bukaYesu Kristu. Inxalenye yale ncwadi - oonobumba zabapostile, incwadi yeZenzo isixelela malunga neminyaka yokuqala yobomi ibandla, kunye nencwadi yeSityhilelo ethetha ngeziprofeto.

Christian naziphi abunjwe ngendlela kwinkulungwane yesine. Ngaphambi koko, phakathi kwamaqela awohlukeneyo amaKristu ziye zasasazwa, kwaye ayeze njengento engcwele, kunye nezinye izicatshulwa. Kodwa inani amabhunga icawa kunye nengcaciso Episcopal lwenza kuphela ezi ncwadi, zonke ezinye esiqinisekisiweyo ekhubekisayo lobuxoki kuThixo. Emva koko, le mibhalo "ephosakeleyo," waqala kakhulu batshatyalaliswe.

Kudityaniso yolu luhlu iye eqalwe abaphengululi iqela, amelana iimfundiso umdala Marcion. Last okokuqala kwimbali yeCawa wavakalisa uluhlu imibhalo engcwele, belahla phantse zonke iincwadi Endala iTestamente Entsha (in version walo wokudla), ngaphandle kwakwiimeko ezimbalwa. Ukuze Nokwethisa ukushunyayelwa welinye icala, iinkokeli zakhe izimvo kunye nebandla ngokusesikweni ngokusemthethweni sakramentirovali iseti emveli angaphezulu zezibhalo.

Noko ke, ngo ezahlukeneyo iindawo zehlabathi iTestamente Endala iTestamente Entsha ineenketho ezahlukeneyo yokudityaniswa yombhalo. Kukho ezinye iincwadi ukuba yamkelwe kwi isithethe efanayo, kodwa sakhatywa kwenye.

Imfundiso enjengokuphefumlelwa kweBhayibhile

ngoyena ndoqo lwezibhalo ezingcwele ubuKristu kutyhilwa imfundiso nenkuthazo. Bible - Old kwaneTestamente eNtsha - kubalulekile ukuba amakholwa kuba bekholelwa ukuba isandla imisebenzi ezingcwele ababhali bakhokelwa nguThixo, kwaye amazwi izibhalo ngokoqobo - isityhilelo sobuthixo, nto uthumela ihlabathi, iCawa kunye ngamnye lomntu. Le nkolelo yokuba iBhayibhile - unobumba Nkosi, ziphethwe ngqo kumntu ngamnye, rhoqo ubongoza amaKristu ukuba ukufunda baze bakhangele aneentsingiselo ezifihlakeleyo.

Apocrypha

Ngexesha uphuhliso kunye nokusekwa uluhlu iBhayibhile, iincwadi ezininzi ekuqaleni izilingo, kamva kwaba ukuba "ashiywe ngaphandle" wamasiko ecaweni. imisebenzi kule ngxaki, ezifana "Agata Umalusi" yaye "Didache". ZeVangeli ezininzi ezahlukeneyo yaye kwaneeleta kwathiwa lobuxoki heretical nje ngenxa yokuba akazange zihambelana utyekelo ezintsha zezakwalizwi webandla obudala. Zonke ezi tekisi bahlanganiswe lixhaphakile eli gama "Apocrypha," oko kuthetha, kwelinye icala, "bobuxoki ', yaye kwelinye -" imfihlelo "imibhalo. Kodwa ekugqibeleni ukusula imikhondo kwizicatshulwa ezingafunekiyo akakwazanga - yesazi eziphefumlelweyo kufuneka usingiselo kunye iingcaphulo kubo ngokufihla. Ngokomzekelo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba abalahlekileyo, yaye ngenkulungwane XX, iVangeli 'Ncwadi of Thomas yenye yemithombo ephambili amazwi kaKristu zeVangeli eziphefumlelweyo. A eqhelekileyo umyalezo umpostile uYuda (ingenguye uSikariyoti), iqulethe ngqo iikowuteshini ngokubhekisele kwincwadi engaphefumlelwanga yomprofeti uEnoki, besithi isidima yayo wesiprofeto bombhalo.

KwiTestamente eNdala yaye iTestamente Entsha - umanyano kunye umahluko phakathi izinqumo ezimbini

Ngoko ke, siye safumanisa ukuba iBhayibhile iquka iincwadi ezimbini ingqokelela ngababhali ezahlukeneyo kunye namaxesha. Nangona iimfundiso zamaKristu iqwalasela iTestamente Endala iTestamente Entsha xa iyonke, ukutolika nge omnye komnye kwaye icwangcisa efihlakeleyo usingiselo, uqikelelo, kunye AMAGQABAZA ▸ uxhulumaniso typological, hayi zonke ekuhlaleni zamaKristu ezithandwa kohlolo efanayo izinqumo ezimbini. Marcion ngeke adlale ulicekisile iTestamente Endala. Phakathi imisebenzi yakhe elahlekileyo baba ukusetyenziswa-ebizwa ngokuba "uchasaniso", apho ke, ngokungafaniyo iimfundiso neTanakh iimfundiso zikaKristu. Isiqhamo lo mahluko yaba imfundiso oothixo ababini - demiurge bamncedise kwaye abangenazigqibo yamaYuda uThixo zonke onilawulayo uBawo, kwaziswa uKristu.

Eneneni, imifanekiso zikaThixo ziyahluka kakhulu kwezi iminqophiso emibini. KwiTestamente eNdala, uchazwa ngokuba impindezelo, ngokungeyomfuneko, nkosi nzima, hayi ngaphandle ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga njengoko ukuvakalisa namhlanje. KwiTestamente eNtsha, phezu koko, uThixo ngakumbi ukunyamezelana, yesisa ngokubanzi ukhetha ukuxolela kunokuba ukohlwaya. Nangona kunjalo, noko lula icebo, ukuba ufuna ungafumana umva iingxoxo malunga iitekisi ezimbini. Ngokwembali, Noko ke, kwathi iCawa ungayamkeli igunya yeTestamente eNdala, abasekho, yaye namhlanje ngamaKrestu ehlabathini emelwe nkalo siko omnye kuphela, zamadoda neognostikov iqela ezahlukeneyo ngokutsha kunye neomarkionitov.