Kwistanza - kuyinto imiqolo ezininzi kangakanani? Yintoni a Kwistanza kulo mbongo?

Igama elithi "ivesi" lisuka kwigama lesiGrike elithetha "ukujika", "ukusontwa". Le ukuhlanganiswa inani elithile lweziqalelo (imigca vesi), nto leyo ubunye kwisemantiki, syntactic kunye ezinesingqi. "Kwistanza - kweelayini ezininzi njani?" - ubuze. Phendula. nokubunjwa kwayo elakhiwa ukusuka kwivesi-2 ukuya ku-14. izitanza Amagama (esisiseko), siza phambi kwakho ngoku.

couplet

Elula kubo a couplet (ngamanye amagama - kude). Olu hlobo vesi esetyenziswa ngokwentelekiso neze kwi izibongo yesizwe. isetyenziselwe, umzekelo, M. Yu. Lermontov kumbongo wakhe "kuLwandle Nkosazana".

tercet

Eliquka imigca ezintathu vesi kwisitanza ekuthiwa ezintathu (ngenye indlela - Terzetto). Olu hlobo kwakhona kunqabile ezisetyenziswa ziimbongi Russian. Kuninzi kakhulu oko tercets ifakiwe kwezinye, izitanza ezinkulu. Bona ebhaliweyo, umzekelo, umbongo "Ingoma of Hell" Blok.

quatrain

Eyona uthandwayo zonke ezinye iintlobo vesi uvela yasekhaya iimbongi quatrain (ngamanye amazwi - le quatrain). Iyafumaneka idibanise zihlandlo zone inika iintlobo eningenakukholwa imvakalozwi, isingqi. quatrain ezahlukeneyo syntax bhetyebhetye. Mhlawumbi kwezinye iimeko zifakwe kwi enye, iintlobo ezinkulu izitanza. Njengoko i ivesi umzekelo Onegin kunye Sonnet. In quatrain ezahlukeneyo applied iindlela imvano, kodwa ixhaphakileyo ekuthiwa-cross-rhyme (scheme abab wakha phezu). Umzekelo, umbongo "Dream" M. Yu Lermontova, apho umgca wokuqala izicengcelezo kunye wesithathu, kunye yesibini -. Ngomhla wesine. Imizekelo baninzi.

Musa ukubhidanisa amagama ezifanayo amabini - "string" yaye "ivesi". Zombini ezi ngcamango Simanywe yokuba luqulathe vesi. 4 ivesi, Noko ke, ukuze ibandakanye nomsebenzi quatrain ebhaliweyo, distihom, njl A imigca Tercet 4 ekulelona vesi -. Ingaba usoloko quatrain.

nsi

Izitanza i uhlobo olulodwa vesi, edibanisa imikrozo emine. Makhe siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha. Kwimibongo Russian ubunjwe ebhalwe lwemibongo ezine tetrameter iambic, ivesi, leyo usebenzisa cross-rhyme (abab wakha phezu scheme). Ukongeza kwezi mpawu ezisesikweni, yahlukile ngalinye quatrains kunye nokuphelela kwisemantiki. Imisebenzi kakhulu umxhelo izinto izitanza ezibhaliweyo kule ncwadi basekhaya babe A. S. Pushkinu. Kwimibongo yakhe, le vesi livela ngaphezu kanye. Imizekelo: "Ndiya kundwendwela ...", "izitanza," "Xa ezinzulwini ores zaseSiberia".

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukwahlula kwezinye iintlobo izitanza, kunokuba kunqabile kusetyenziswa kwisihobe Russian, kspell, ngelamadoda ilizwi, kwakunye luhlobo okhethekileyo owadalwa Pushkin - esigaba Onegin.

kspell

Kspell kuqwalaselwa ikakhulu njengendlela ntlobo lyric. Noko ke, ukususela kwindawo esesikweni lwembono, oku kwisitanza. Kspell kuquka iinxalenye ezimbini. Eyokuqala ibandakanya quatrains amabini (okt quatrains), kwaye eyesibini iqulethe TERCET ezimbini (oko kukuthi,-umgca ezintathu).

Kspell njengoko vesi - ukuba banemiqolo emingaphi njani? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukubala inani elikhankanyiweyo ezibandaknywayo kwaye siyibeka amanani ngenxa. Ungakwenza oko wena uze ujonge isiphumo. Kufuneka ube ngqo 14 imigca. Xa sonnets wemitha yi pentameter iambic (esetyenziswa kunqabile shestistopny). Nkqu classical scheme elula ngumfuziselo rhyme inokwahluka ukuba ezi mfuneko zilandelayo: kufuneka isetyenziswe quatrains ezimbini ravnozvuchnye isicengcelezo ukuya ezintathu kufuneka isetyenziswe ezimbini (okanye ngaphezulu kunqabile, ezintathu), ezahlukileyo kwezo zisetyenziswa quatrains. Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym wadalwa kspell ezintathu edumileyo, "Madonna", "ngoko ke", "arhabaxa wabe wamcekisa kspell ...".

esigaba Onegin

Kwistanza Onegin Aleksandrom Sergeevichem yaziswa kwi ncwadi ingakumbi kwinoveli othi "Eugene Onegin". Njengoko unokuthekelela, igama ifumana kulo msebenzi. Siyafana ukuba umzobo block ilandelayo: AbAbCCddEffEgg. Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, "zingaphi imiqolo kwindlela Onegin kwisitanza?" kunokwenzeka ngokubala inani leziqalelo kwisekethe. Kukho 14. kuphela In eli cebo, okhethwe kugxininiswe igatya obhinqileyo (isiphelo), kunye namadoda nasezantsi kubonisiwe. Kuyo yonke le ncwadi, "evgeniya Onegina", esi sakhiwo igcinwa, ukongeza kwiincwadi Tatiana (Isahluko sesithathu), Onegin (yesibhozo) kunye 'Songs kwabasetyhini "(Isahluko sesithathu).

ngelamadoda ilizwi

Iimpendulo zale mibuzo: "ilizwi njengoko vesi - yindlela abaninzi imigca?" It iqulathe iivesi ezisibhozo, njengoko unokuthekelela ukusuka igama. "Ilizwi" in Latin lithetha "wesibhozo". Imigca yemibongo anemvano ngayo kule ndlela ilandelayo: abababcc. Kumelwe ke alternation zamagatya inkunzi nemazi. Kwezinye imisebenzi edume imibongo Russian ukutya le vesi? Umzekelo, ngelamadoda ilizwi - yi "Indlu e Kolomna", umbongo yi Pushkin.

Zeziphi iintlobo division of izitanza?

Icandelo of izitanza kaninzi kwenzeka isekelwe phezu Izicengcelezo ambaxa kuyo. Noko ke, kokubini West yaye imibongo kazwelonke ifumene ingqalelo enkulu njengokuba indibanisela yiRhymed neyama unrhymed. Kufuneka ingqalelo, ukuphendula lo mbuzo, "Yiyiphi Kwistanza kumbongo?". Ngapha koko, kusenokuba kukho bakulungele iintlobo strophic ngokubonisa elongate kunye vesi iyanqanyulwa. Kudla ifakiwe eziliqela iindinyana alinganayo ngobude, lowo elifutshane (oko kwenzeka kakhulu) okanye ngaphezulu (eyihleleyo kunqabile). Ukongeza, yande namhlanje wafumana alternating ngokuvumelana nemithetho ethile kule migca vesi, ngokufuthi yiRhymed, anobude ukungalingani.

Iya kuthakazelelwa into yokuba yonke imigaqo yoyilo i zinokudityaniswa kunye namanye, iivesi Ukuba kwisininzi kwakhona uvumela kabini nge Ukongeza with "isipili" ezongezelelweyo (umva) ibekwe kuzo iziqalelo.

Iimpawu ngeentlobo ingoma

Xa nokwakhiwa indima ekhethekileyo ephinda kwisitanza angadlala iintlobo kweeyunithi ahlanganisiweyo. Oku ekuso ikakhulu ngenxa ingoma uhlobo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe apha uphinda ekhoyo ngaphakathi ivesi elinye (umzekelo, uphindaphindo of ivesi lokugcina kuqala kukudala ulwakhiwo thunzi). Xa neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ingoma wayesoloko self kwisitanza (ebizwa i "ukuyeka"), nto leyo iyaphindwa ngaphandle utshintsho emva kwenye kulo mbongo yaye sinika Igama ezimbini ri nokwakheka.

Xa iivesi definition njengoko bebubalaselisa mandatory kuthiwe repeatable rhoqo. Kodwa kukho kwakhona vesi neentlobo, apho impinda umda kuphela mfanekiso, ingaphezulu okanye eziphathekayo ngaphantsi, leyo kwezinye iimeko bahluke, kugcinwe olu hlobo lomsebenzi sayekelela zizonke.

Ezinye iintlobo iintlobo obuphathekayo izitanza ehlabathini imibongo

Inani elikhulu zeemo ezahlukeneyo obuphathekayo izitanza bafumana izibongo ehlabathini. Kwamandulo, umzekelo, sifumana ukuqhama yohlobo lwazo. Ahlala kuphuhliswa kamva amazwi zezinye iintlanga aseYurophu. Le vesi iintlobo ezifana distich elegiac, goratsieva okanye alkeeva, ivesi, sapphic ezinkulu nezincinane, asklepiadova enikiweyo iintlobo ezininzi, kunye nabanye. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo ungadlali nelo versification yesizwe, ngokufuthi ayichananga. Malunga nalo mba, indima elincinci kakhulu edlalwa isihobe yaseRussia empumalanga. Kuwo iinzame lwenziwe kutshanje ukuzoba iintlobo ezininzi (quatrain wamaPersi Ibhadi). Isityebi ilifa Latins kwisihobe Russian limelwe ezinye "iifomu solid", ezifana Rondo, kspell, ngelamadoda ilizwi, Sestina, Triolet, terza uRima, kunye nabanye.

Alexandria kwisihobe Russian

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe Alexandria leyo ngokuqinileyo iincwadi eSoviet. Abethatyathwe eFransi waza waba ngenkulungwane ye-18 imibongo Russian uhlobo inyanzelekile ukuba umbongo yobugorha kunye yintlekele yamandulo. It iqulathe couplets amelwe tsezurovannym shestistopnym pentameter, apho kukho izibini anemvano khosi wenkazana wasemvelweni, inkunzi. Ezinye ezinye iintlobo couplets lisetyenziswa kumaxesha amaninzi uhlobo "Romance", kwakunye neminye imibhalo, epigrams, njl Umzekelo - .. "The Black ephezu" Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina.

Siye sahlolisisa ezinye iintlobo izitanza. Enyanisweni, kukho into eninzi kubo. Kodwa busetyenziswa kakhulu iincwadi Russian. Kuthathwa ukuba kwiimeko ezininzi ekuhlalutyeni imibongo yale ngcaciso kwanele. Ngoku uyazi ukuba kukho ivesi yombongo. Siyathemba ukuba uya kuba nako ukuqaphela iintlobo eziphambili kulo. Impendulo yalo mbuzo "kwisitanza - kweelayini ezininzi njani?" ingafumaneka kolu kwisicatshulwa.