Kuyo Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich?

A ezaziwa iincwadi Russian, kubungqondi revolution cwaka - Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev - ngokubonakalayo nempembelelo nophuhliso lwenkcubeko wacinga kweli lizwe lethu. iincwadi zakhe ziye iphefumlelwe bafundisa inani isizukulwana sabantu abatsha lizwe lethu. Nangona bambalwa namhlanje siyazi ukuba nefuthe lokusekwa Outlook zombhali njengoko baphila, basebenza, yaye apho Turgenev wazalwa.

ebuntwaneni

Uphononongo bobuchule kakubani Umbhali kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba siqale isifundo lobuntwana bakhe, okuvelayo kuqala, kwakunye kokusingqongileyo, leyo indlela kuchaphazela ngayo. abantu ningayazi, ingakumbi abafundi, bedidekile, apho Turgenev wazalelwa yintoni umzi, embiza ekhaya kumama kwilifa leyo. Enyanisweni, zakudala Russian nangona kwaye wachitha elininzi lobuntwana bakhe, wazalelwa ngxi Orel.

Abaphandi umbhali odumileyo kwenkulungwane XIX, kuqatshelwe ukuba yokuvela bonke abantwana ngayo ezakudala Russian kamva ibonakala imisebenzi yakhe. Ixesha kunye nendawo apho wazalelwa, Turgenev, baba nqobo zokugweba ngokuphathelene yalo kurhulumente okhoyo.

A ku vangama ka iinkumbulo lwabantwana kule ncwadi

Ivan Sergeyevich yayizalwa intsapho yamandulo ezindilekileyo, uyise - ocacile, ihloniphekile oosisi umntu noluntu - umahluko omkhulu amandla kunye nonina olungumbandezeli Varvara Petrovna, nee Lutovinovo. Kamva, zonke iinkumbulo yokuzalwa Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, yakhuliswa, ziya kufakwa kwezinye ngabalawulwa imisebenzi yakhe. Nemifanekiso unina noninakhulu uya kuba AMAGQABAZA ▸ amandla kunye mhlaba egabadeleyo ukusuka mjikelo "Amanqaku a Hunter".

Ummandla apho wazalelwa Turgenev wayesisityebi ngokwenene namasiko Russian namasiko yamandulo. Ivan Sergeyevich Sakuvuyela ukuphulaphula amabali ngamakhoboka umama wakhe, ingena amaphupha zabo iintlungu. Kulapha, kwilifa usapho, umbhali wayesazi ukuba ubukhoboka, yaye ngokukrakra ethiyiwe esi senzeko. amava Abantwana wayila indawo engagungqiyo zombhali, ubomi bakhe bonke wakhuthaza inkululeko wonke umntu, nokuba imvelaphi yayo.

Umfanekiso kunayo umsebenzi Turgenev kaThixo - loo nto ebunayo nandawo ubudala, nto leyo emele i-ukwehla yezikhulu, ukonakala lemiphefumlo kunye nezenzo nezazi. Zonke ezi ngcinga aphefumlelwa bume indlwane usapho ngayo.

Manor Spasskoe- Lutovinovo

Xa kuvela umbuzo, apho wazalelwa Turgenev, zonke ngaxeshanye khumbula umfanekiso incwadi yesikolo. Linden alley, ezendeleyo ngokusebenzisa amagqabi imitha yelanga sentlalo kunye indlu endala enezintlu ezimhlophe. Asingabo bonke khumbula ukuba igama Manor, wazalelwa khona Turgenev, kwaye macala kodwa apha le meko kakhulu kuchatshazelwa yi umsebenzi zombhali, sinokuthi apha wazalwa ezakudala Russian zoncwadi.

Apha, ngenkani ekuthinjweni, zabhalelwa ibali "inn", kunye nomsebenzi lushicilelwe "Izizukulwana amabini", isincoko "Kwi Ususela", kwakunye kwinoveli odumileyo malunga umbutho wotshintsho "Rudin" ayiphumelelanga. Bekukho ubuhle cwaka bemvelo zonke elahliweyo bobuchule kunye self-nokugxekwa. Akumangalisi ke, sakudala lisoloko babuyela apha emva kohambo olude ngeenxa Europe.

Turgenev wayengekho kuphela ngamazwi nokumbetha ebukhobokeni, emva kokuba wanikela engalubambi simahla ngamakhoboka awo (ezininzi kuzo sele kwinkonzo njengabantu free), umbhali ihlelwe esikolweni estate abantwana kunye uhlobo ekhaya abadala. De kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe, uIvan Sergeyevich ngqo izithethe yaseYurophu kwentlonipho inkululeko lomntu ngamnye.

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Emva kokufa kanina, umbhali uyekelwe inkoliso welifa lakhe kumzalwana wakhe Nicholas, kodwa wemka yena indawo kuphela apho wayonwabile - estate usapho Spasskoye Lutovinovo. Kulapha uNicholas bakhe elubhacweni Ndiyathemba ukuba baqiqe kunye umbhali egwenxa. Kodwa isohlwayo aluphumelelanga, Ivan Sergeyevich wayindulula zonke ngamakhoboka akhe waza waqhubeka ukubhala iincwadi eyadini izigcawu.

Apho, apho uzalwa, Ivan Turgenev, yaye apho entolongweni yi ummiselo kaKesare, wayesoloko watyelelwa ezinye buchopho iincwadi Russian. Ukuxhasa umhlobo e Spasskoe- Lutovinovo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ezivame ukuba UNikolai Nekrasov, Afanasiy zeFET Leo Tolstoy. Emva kohambo ngalunye phesheya, Turgenev wabuyela apha, ukuze impahla yosapho. Apha wabhala "Nest Noble", "Ooyise and Sons" yaye "olwandulela", yaye nayiphi na ukuzimisela philological yezi imisebenzi akwenzeki ngaphandle ngokubhekiselele kwiziganeko kweenoveli kunye nembali welifa Spassky Lutovinovo.

Turgenev Museum

ERashiya namhlanje, ixesha elininzi ishiywe kwaye zonakalise nempahla manorial. Abaninzi kubo bawatshabalalisa ngexesha leMfazwe Civil, ezinye uhulumeni okanye ichithwe, yaye ezinye zatshabalala kanye ixesha kunye nokunqongophala yesondlo.

Imbali welifa, apho uIvan Turgenev wazalwa, naye kakhulu ezibuhlungu. Indlu wayitshisa izihlandlo ezimbalwa, indawo yayihluthiwe, kwaye Ilungiselelo iintshinyela odumileyo ashinyeneyo yengca. Kodwa enkosi abathandi yoncwadi lwamandulo Russian ngexesha nandawo eSoviet liye labuyiselwa imizobo eseleyo kunye nemizobo. Ngokuthe ngcembe ivathisiwe kunye ngaphakathi ebaleni, yaye namhlanje kukho imyuziyam ogama emva Ivana Sergeevicha Turgeneva, yakudala ihlabathi kunye ngqondi odumileyo iincwadi Russian.