Isibumba se-chill yintoni?

Ubumba luhlobo lokubuyisela isinyithi. Inokuthi ifumaneke (ingaba ngamalungu amabini), kwaye ayikuthi (ingqongqo ye-mold). Ukufa kwe-Die-casting kuneenzuzo ezininzi kwi-shell shell, kodwa kukho ezinye izithintelo, umzekelo, ukukhwa kwe- castings kudinga unyango olongezelelweyo lokunyusa.

Izinzuzo

Ngethuba lexesha lokukrazula, ukutshintshwa okutshisa kakhulu kwiitye ezincibilikiweyo kwi-mold chill kwenzeka. Oku kubangela ubunzulu obuphezulu, izakhiwo ezingcono zetsimbi, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, isakhiwo esilungileyo kunye nobunzima obuncinane xa kuqhathaniswa nokukhishwa kwentlabathi.

Inkqubo yokwenza i-mold shells ihluke kwakhona kwinto yokubunjwa kwensimbi (mold mold) ingasetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Yenziwe ngento ephezulu yamandla, ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi osebenzayo wesikhunta wenza ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kwandisa ubukhulu bomhlaba we-castings, kwaye ngenxa yokuqhuba okuphezulu kwe-thermal yokupakisha, i-castings yakhula ngokukhawuleza.

Enye inzuzo yokukhupha i-chill ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-mold molds isilinganiso esincinci sokupakisha okuqhubekayo kwe-castings, kwaye oku kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokubumba.

LwezeMpilo kunye neEcology

Ukugxotha kwi-mold molds kwandisa imveliso kathathu amaxesha, ngenxa yokuba imisebenzi enzulu yokusebenza njengomsebenzi wokulungiselela umxube, ukucoca kunye nokubunjwa kweemveliso kungabandakanywa kwinkqubo. Ekubeni imimandla yokuvelisa iyancipha, iindleko zokulungiswa kunye nokwakhiwa kweeworkshops ezintsha ziba ziphantsi kakhulu.

Imisebenzi emininzi yingozi iyakususwa kwinkqubo, njengokungqongqoza i-molds, ukucoceka nokucoca. Oku kuncedisi nje kuphela ekuphuculeni imimiselo yomveliso, kodwa nokunciphisa ukungcola kokusingqongileyo.

Iingxaki

Ukuveliswa kwe-molds yokubumba kuyabiza kakhulu ngenxa yobunzima beenkqubo ngokwayo. Ukuba kukho ukugqithiswa kwi-castings, iindleko ze-chill zinyuka ngenxa yesidingo sokumisela ukuyila: ukufakwa, isanti esilahlayo kunye neendonga zetsimbi zidibeneyo zisetyenzisiweyo.

Ubomi besikhombisi bunqunywe inani lokuphonsa umgangatho omhle, onokufumaneka kuwo. Ukuzinza kwesikhunta kubonisa ukuba uqoqosho lunokwenzeka, ngokukodwa kwinkqubo yokwenza isinyithi kunye nensimbi yentsimbi. Ukwandisa ubomi be-moldy chill ngenye yezinto eziphambili kwezobuchwepheshe kule ndawo yemveliso.

Ngenxa yokupholisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunyuka kwe-melt, kunzima ukufumana iimveliso ezide zincinci xa ziphosa kwi-mold mold. Oku kukhokelela ekubanjeni ukuba i-iron casting castings ifumana uluhlu olulukhuni, oluthile. Le fomu ingenakunyuswa, oku kungakhokelela ekugxininiseni nasekukhungeni kwi-castings. Ngokusetyenziswa kwemivalo yesanti elahlayo, ukuchaneka kwe-castings kuncitshisiwe, ukugqithisa komphezulu kwindawo yokudibanisa nokuphuma kweyona nto.

U mgangatho we

Ukugxotha kunye nokubunjwa kubambisana nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukuphosa kulukhuni kwaye kuphephe kwihlabathi kufaka ixesha elide kunokuba kubumbwe, kodwa ukutshatyalaliswa kwintlobo yesanti kudla ngokubhetele, ukwenza ukuba inkqubo yokuvelisa ibe nzima nakakhulu ngokuphonsa i-alloys engeyiyo, kwaye iyanciphisa iiparitha ezifana nobukhulu obubunjiweyo kunye nobunzima obuncinci. Iindonga. Ukugxotha i-aluminium kwisibumba se-chill (kunye nobhedu kunye nezinye izinto ezingezona zinyithi) yizona zifunwa kakhulu eRussia.

Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokupholisa ngokukhawuleza, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane isakhiwo esingenasigxina, esilungileyo, esinyuli nje kuphela amandla, kodwa kunye ne-plasticity ye-casting casting. Ekuveleni kweempahla ezenziwe ngentsimbi yentsimbi nge-cast casting, kuvela iingxaki ezininzi: ngenxa ye-crystallization eyahlukileyo kwi-castings, ukubunjwa kwe-carbides kunye ne-ferrite-graphite eutectics inokwenzeka. Oku kunciphisa ubunzima kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwensimbi yentsimbi. Ubuncwane bomhlaba obunxwemeni kwi-castings enjalo lukhuni kakhulu, ukwenzela ukuba iimveliso zifanelekile ukusika emva kokunyanga kwenyango (isilathisi), esusa umququ.

Isakhiwo sefomu

Isibumba se-chill ngokuqhelekileyo siqhoqhobini esineziqingatha ezimbini ezinamathelisi (izikhonkwane), kwaye ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuqala ukuthululwa kwesimbi etyhidiweyo, i-mold molds ifakwe kwi-lock. Inzuzo iyenziwa ngokutya ukutya okubizwa ngokuba yi-bumps kunye ne-plug ventilation. Iifom zeMetri ngaphandle komsebenzi womnxibelelwano zibizwa ngokuba zidibanisa isikhunta.

Ngaphambi kokuthulula, umgangatho osebenzayo wesikhunta uphathwe ngoluhlu lwezinto ezikhusela ukubola kwesibindi sokushisa ngokukhawuleza. Lo mqathango uphinde uvimbele ukukhangela ekusekeni ngokubunjwa.

I-Steel kwaye iphosa isinyithi

Ukugxotha kwi-chill sinyithi yentsimbi kunye nentsimbi yokuphosa isebenza ngokusebenzisa i-quartz ene-pulverized, i-graphite, iglasi yegesi kunye nodongwe olukhanyelayo njengengubo yokukhanyela. Ngaphambi kokuthulula, i-chill kufuneka ifuthe kwiqondo lokushisa elithile, elixhomekeke kubukhulu beendonga zokukhangela kunye ne-alloy esebenzayo.

Imfuno ephambili ekufuneka ihlangane nayo into ekufuneka ihlangane nayo yinkcaso yokutshatyalaliswa kwamathambo, okungenakukhunjulwa xa kuthululwa itsimbi etyhidiweyo. Ukuveliswa kweenkuni zisebenzisa isinyithi esibunjiweyo, isinyithi esenziwe ngamandla, isakhiwo, i-carbon kunye ne-alloy steel, kunye ne-copper kunye ne-alloyum alloys.

Isibhakabhaka esikhitshiweyo

Olu luhlobo lwethekhnoloji apho igobolondo kunye nokukhwabanisa ukudibanisa ukudibanisa kunye neenzuzo zabo, kwaye ukungaphumeleli kwezi ndlela zombini kuhlanjululwa. Le teknoloji ibonakaliswa nje ngokuchaswa kodwa ukuthotyelwa, okwenza kube lula ukuvelisa ukuchaneka okuchanekileyo, kwaye xa kuthelekiswa nokubunjwa kwebhokisi, izinto ezinokubumba ezibizayo zigqityiweyo.

Ubumba obuncibilikiweyo obunqambileyo buveliswa ngokugcwalisa isikhala phakathi kwendlela yokwenza isinyithi kunye nomhlaba ongaphakathi. Eyona nto isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo iyabetha kwaye igalela iindlela. Ukuze uzalise, uthathe umxube we-sandin-e-resin apho into ebophayo i-phenol-formaldehyde resin (2-2.6%) kunye ne-urotropine (malunga no-10% ngesisindo), kunye ne-self-hardening (i-binder-liquid glass) kunye ne-ceramic compounds (binder-ethyl silicate). Imodeli yokubunjwa kunye nenkuni, eneqondo lokushisa lama-degrees angama-200, idlulise ukufudumala komxube, oqinisa kunye nokwenza uhlaka olujongene no-3-5 mm obukhulu. Izibonda eziqhelekileyo okanye ezisigxina zinceda ukwenza izibonda ekukhutsheni.

Inkqubo yokuphosa

Isibumba se-chill, esihlanganiswe ngoluhlu lwezinto ezikhanyelayo, lucima. Iqondo lokushisa kufuneka libe ubuncinane ubunamakhulu amabini ama-degrees, kodwa akuxhomekanga kuphela kwi-alloy esetyenziselwa ukuthulula, kodwa nakubungakanani bokushiya, ubukhulu beendonga zayo kunye neepropati ezifunekayo kuyo. Emva kokufudumeza kwesikhunta, kunokwenzeka ukufaka iintonga, i-ceramic okanye isanti, ukuba oko kuyimfuneko ngokucwangciswa kwiplani, kwaye i-mold-molds ihlangene kwaye ivalwe ngokuqinileyo ngeempawu ezikhethekileyo. Ukuba ukukhishwa kwenzeka kwindawo yomatshini wokubumba, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwindlela yokukhiya. Emva kwezi zilungiselelo, isinyithi etyhidiweyo sinokuthululelwa kwisibhakabhaka.

Xa ukuphosa sele kufumene amandla, izitshixo zensimbi zinokukhishwa kancinane kuyo. Oku kulandela ukukhutshwa kokugqibela kweendonga ezivela kwi-castings ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluncitshiswayo kwi-iron eyinqabileyo.

Emva kokuba ukuphosa sele kuhlile kwiqondo lokushisa elifunayo, isikhunta se-chill singavulwa. Kule nqanaba, iintonga zensimbi zicatshulwa, kwaye i-castings ithathwa ngaphandle kwesikhunta. Izitshixo zeentlabathi zityhulwa, ukuzuza, ukukhukula kunye nemithombo kuyagqitywa, kwaye ukulawulwa komgangatho kuyenziwa, emva koko yonke inkqubo inokuphindwa.

Ngaphambi kokuvelisa ukukhishwa okusha, indiza yesikhonkco kunye nomhlaba wokufa ihlolwe ngokucophelela. Ubumbano obonakaliswayo busetyenziswa kanye okanye kabini ngokutshintshela, kodwa xa kwenzeka ukuwukhusela ukusuka kwindawo yokusebenza, kubalulekile ukubuyisela umgca.
I-chill kufuneka ibuyiselwe kwiqondo lokushisa, njengoko liphosa kakhulu ngexesha lokukhishwa kwesakhiwo. Ukuba loo mveliso inqabile, umbhobho ucolile ngamandla; Ukuba ukukhutshwa okuvelisiweyo kwakunelungelo elikhulu, isikhunta singashuthukiswa ngaphezu kweqondo lokushisa, kwaye kufuneka kusetyenziswe iinkqubo zokupholisa ngokukhethekileyo, ukuze ngaphambi kokuba ulandele i-mold ukukhangela inkohlakalo iya kubakho.

Ukukhutshwa kwe-Chill akubandakanyi nayiphi na isenzo esiyinkimbinkimbi kunye nesisigxina, kungabandakanyi inkqubo yokupholisa ukuphosa ukushisa okufunayo. Uninzi lwemisebenzi lwenziwa ngutshani ngokuzenzekelayo, olu lunye lweenzuzo ezibalulekileyo zendlela, kodwa into ephambili kukuba isikhunta se-chill asiyifomu elilodwa.