Kola bay: elidlulileyo, langoku, olunomdla

Unxweme ye Kola Peninsula zaye yayingeyonxalenye izizwe Finno-Ugric kwi Stone Age. Emva kokuba ubhaptizo Rus la mazwe beza bamathanga Novgorod, ngubani Sizibandakanye lokuloba izilwanyana zaselwandle kunye lokuloba. Ngomhla elunxwemeni nayiphi lali Russian. Xa 17-19 Kwiinkulungwane th labemi Peninsula wahlala becala adle kunye nentlanzi amaxhoba (scale mveliso). Oko kuphela kwinkulungwane yama-20, i-Kola Bay yaduma qhinga (hayi kuphela ngokwezoqoqosho!) Kubalulekile. yasekwa kubekho ethekwini - ngoku likhulu Arctic Circle.

indawo okuyo

Elise Gulf emdeni Kola Peninsula, Murmansk. It unetyala igama layo Cola izakhiwo evelileyo phezu komlambo eponymous mhlawumbi ngenkulungwane ye-11. inkcazelo eneenkcukacha Gulf yenziwa Mihailom Frantsevichem Reyneke, intloko uhambo lokuhlola amanzi, ukuhlola umda osemantla namazibuko yoBukhosi baseRashiya ngo-1826.

Kola bay - a Fjord odidi, limxinwa (ukususela 200 m ukuya 7 km) kunye elide (malunga 57 km). Yahlulahlulwe yaba izizwe ezintathu, nganye eneyazo ezinzulwini ezahlukeneyo. Imilambo ezimbini eziphambili angena bay, ekuthiwa Tuloma ne Cola. Banks ziintlanga ezininzi zokupaka (Catherine Harbour Tyuva, Side). Le ndawo yamanzi ligcwele kwiziqithi ezincinane. Murmansk and Severomorsk isixeko ezivaliweyo ibekwe esikunxweme lwempuma yeso bay, engumnqantsa kwaye unamatye. Ngenye kakuhle, ngasentshonalanga sisizibuko le Arctic. LwaseYurophu idityaniswe bridge indlela.

okungahambi zemvelo

Kola Bay phawu enye ebalulekileyo: ubusika amanzi hayi emkhenkceni nokuba lobushushu ngezantsi 20 ° ^C. In ayigodoli kusoloko Gulf ngaphezu kweli lizwekazi, umahluko kunokuba kakhulu. Le meko ibangelwa ngoku eshushu, kodwa kungabi Gulf Stream, njengoko becinga, kunye nokuqhubekeka yayo - iNorth Atlantic (North Cape). Kakade ke, kude emdeni amanzi ngumkhenkce, kodwa fairway lihlala ice-free. Kungenxa yoko le nto bay unalo ngokubaluleka qhinga. I-Northern Sea Route yaba yimfuneko kakhulu iRashiya ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, wenza unxibelelwano kunye Amanyeneyo.

Gulf ngocoselelo ngumkhenkce amaxesha akukho ngaphezulu kwe ezintlanu kwimbali kokuma. ixesha lokugqibela oku kwenzeka kutshanje - ngoJanuwari 2015. Ukwandisa ndawo kunye nezinyuko omkhenkce (ukuya ku 10-15 cm semilonyeni kunye iindawo ezincinane) ukuba zibangelwa High elide. Kumzantsi amadolo bay waphawula behla umkhenkce ku-5 cm zamafu.

Ibhulorho ngaphesheya Kola Bay

kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, ibhulorho imoto kwi bay 2.5 km (ukusuka apho amanzi aye 1.6 km) yavulwa. He kubhekwa elinye elikhulu, zombini eRashiya kwi Arctic ngokubanzi. I sakhiwo kuphela ukubaluleka kwezoqoqosho kodwa kwezentlalo. Ibhulorho odibanisa imimandla esentshona kunye umbindi Murmansk lula ihamba ngaphakathi idomeyini, kwaye iququzelela intsebenziswano esebenzayo kunye nabamelwane aseScandinavia. Kuye eziphakathi amane kwaye senzelwe kananjalo ngeenyawo. Xa ekwindla ka-2014 esi sakhiwo salungiswa.

Kola Bay, Murmansk ezemidlalo indawo

Iminyaka emininzi ibhulorho amanye amasiko umdla ezinxulumene nayo. Ngaphezu koko, iye yaba iqonga kwiintlobo ngeentlobo kwezemidlalo kunye nemisebenzi zolonwabo. Kukho ihlelwa rhoqo ukhuphiswano kwi ngeebhayisekile paintball, kwaye ehlotyeni, ngoJuni, kunxweme lasekhohlo ibheyi ecaleni ibhulorho uqala ubushushu kakhulu, nto leyo eza inxaxheba neendadi Comrades kulo lonke ilizwe ukusuka kumazwe angabamelwane.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nkqu zasehlotyeni Kola Bay ayikho wokubuk kakhulu: iqondo lobushushu amanzi ayenzi ngaphezulu 8 ^{° C} kunye nesinxibo ukufudumala swimming isiganeko akuvumelekanga. Extreme wongezelela kwaye ngoku lateral womelele. Ngoko ke, i "Murmansk imayile" - uvavanyo kakhulu ukuba akvayserov (kwiimbaleki, specialising in ukudada emanzini abandayo). Kufuneka lezempilo, ukunyamezela kwaye uqeqesho olulodwa ixesha elide.

ukuloba

Ngowe-1803, phezu Murman unxweme yayiququzelelwe ekuthiwa-White Sea Company wemveliso yeentlanzi. Bay kukade icangcisiwe, idume ngobuninzi bayo. Calculation kwenziwa apha kunye nerhamncwa ulwandle. imithombo Okwangoku Bay sisazama kakhulu ngenxa yeengxaki yokusingqongileyo ukuloba abaninzi. Noko ke, apha kukho amathuba ezilungileyo umlambo nokuloba ulwandle. uhlobo kujoliswe kwi bay rocks ezinjalo njengoko Haddock, cod, flounder, pollack kunye herring. Ihlangabezana kunye unonkala. Xa amachweba , ungenza ukubamba trout, Isakare, whitefish, grayling, zakhele kunye Pike.

Noko ke, ukuloba umlambo (kwakunye nokuveliswa nonkala) ilayisenisi. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba impumelelo lokuloba kuchaphazela olwandle semi-diurnal le Kola Bay. Ngokutsho Reinecke, ziyabonakala ngokuthe kakhulu kwaye bafikelele eziimitha ezine. Abalobi abaninzi bakhetha imali elinye amachweba yemilambo nabo ngenxa yokuba ngaphantsi zingcoliswe ngaphezu Gulf ngokwayo.

iingxaki zokusingqongileyo

imigodi umsebenzi kunye nezityalo nokusebenzisa noshishino oyile kuqhubeka ukuba nempembelelo embi kubume Kola Bay. Photo Ugu ngokufuthi velisa uluvo kabuhlungu: yonke lwahamba kobutyobo zokwakha lusika izityalo, kudala bayeke ukusebenza. Murmansk port ihlala yenye yeendawo ezininzi ongcolileyo kweshelfu.

Kwezinye iindawo ezi meko Gulf ingcono kancinane, kodwa lwee- hydrocarbon, isinyithi, nobhedu lagqithisa obuvumelekileyo kwaye unobangela izifo nabantu basekuhlaleni. Okwangoku kwezenkolo ukubiza iinkampani zolawulo ukuqinisekisa amanyathelo olondolozo kunye yotshintsho kwezixhobo.