I-Shanghai idla ngokubizwa ngokuthi empuma eNew York. Enyanisweni, esi sixeko namhlanje sikhulu soshishino kunye nezoqoqosho, kwaye kunye nenani lazo zoshishino zoshishino kunye neendonga eziphakamileyo, zingancintisana ne-American "Big Apple". Enye yezinto eziphambili ze-Shanghai yiJin Mao. Yintoni enomdla malunga nalesi sakhiwo, indlela eyakhelwe ngayo kwaye ingahanjelwa namhlanje?
Ubuchwephesha banamhlanje kunye nokunyaniseka kwezithethe
I-Skyscraper Jin Mao yakhiwe ngoncedo lwabakhi be-American. Ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngowe-1994. Kwaye emva kweminyaka engama-4, ngo-Agasti 28, 1998, kuvulwa ukuvulwa okukhulu. Inqaba yayisebenza ngokupheleleyo ngo-1999. Ngexesha lokugqiba, le ndawo yesikhwele yayingowesine elona lide kunazo zonke ehlabathini. Kwakugqithiswe kuphela yi-Willis Tower e-Chicago (1974), i-World Trade Centre e-New York (1971, yachithwa ngo-2001), kunye neendonga ezimbini e-Kuala Lumpur (eMalaysia) ePetronas. UJin Mao wahlala isakhiwo esona side kunazo zonke eShanghai kwaze kwaba ngo-2008, xa iSakhiwo seMali seMhlaba seShanghai sakhiwa kwisixeko . Nangona kubonakala kwimibala ebonakalayo, inqaba yenziwe ngokuhambelana ngokupheleleyo nezithethe zaseMpuma. Khawubhekisise ngakumbi, nakubonakala ungabona okufana neefagoda - isakhiwo saseShayina esiqhelekileyo.
Inombolo yobugqi
Kwisiko lesiTshayina, inani le-8 libhekwa njengesibonakaliso sokuphila. Akumangalisi ukuba yayisetyenziselwa ukubala zonke iindawo eziphambili kwisakhiwo esihle kangaka. Kwiziko elingu-88 kuphela (kunye ne-belvedere-93). Ukuphakama, inqaba yaseJin Mao ihlukaniswe ngamacandelo angama-16, nganye ibe yi-1/8 ngaphantsi kwesiseko. Isakhelo esisezantsi sekhonkrithi sinezikhonkwane ezili-8, sizungezwe iikholomu ezili-8 kwaye zininzi zensimbi zangaphandle. Ndiyabulela kule ngqungquthela kwisicwangciso esiqhelekileyo, isakhiwo sifana nesincinci esikhulu sommbila. Kodwa, ke, abaqulunqi abazange balwele ukufana nokufana, kodwa baxhomekeke kwizithethe zasempumalanga. Inqaku elithandekayo kukuba ukuvulwa ngokusemthethweni kwinqaba inqunyulwa kwakhona, iqulethe izinto ezintle - uAgasti 28, 1998.
Imfihlelo yokuzinza nokuzicwangcisa
Xa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo eziphakamileyo, uqwalaselo olukhulu luhlawulwa ukuthobela imithetho nemigaqo. Uphawu oluqhelekileyo lweShanghai luyimpumelelo enganelisekiyo yendawo ephezulu yomhlaba. Ngesiseko se-skracraper kukho i-1062 zintsika zeensimbi, iipilisi ziya emhlabathini ukuya kumanzi angama-83.5. Ngethuba lokwakha kwinqaba kuyisalathisi yerekhodi yomhlaba wendawo yokwakhiwa komhlaba. Isiseko sijikelezwe ngodonga lwekhonkrithi elingu-1 meter thick, elongezelela ngamamitha angama-36 kwi-depth. I-design yeJin Mao skyscraper icingelwa kwiinkcukacha ezincinci kwaye iyahlangabezana nayo yonke imigangatho yokhuseleko. Isakhiwo sikwazi ukumelana nesantya somoya santya-moya ukuya kwi-200 m / s, kunye neepasikethi ukuya kuma-7 amanqaku kwizinga lika-Richter. Ngomgangatho wesi-57 kukho ipompo yokubhukuda, elisebenza njengento yokuphazamiseka, kunye neentsika zensimbi zinezinto ezihambayo.
Jin Mao: ukuphakama kunye nezinye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo
Ukuphakama komyinge we-skyscraper malunga ne-420 metres (93 phantsi). Kodwa ungakhathazeki: unokwenyuka phezulu uze uhambe phantsi ngokukhawuleza. Kule nqonga kukho ukuphakama kwe-speed-speed ezise-61, ukuhamba ngejubane elingu-9.1 m / s, uhambo oluqala ukususela kumgangatho wokugqibela luya kuthatha imizuzu engama-46 kuphela. Abakhi bezakhiwo zezakhiwo zendawo bazilungiselele into emangalisayo: zonke iiplathi kwiikhabhi zesiTshayina, kodwa akuyi kuba naluphi na ubunzima bokuqonda. Ekubeni kwongeziweyo kwimibhalo eludongeni lwabaphakanyisi, umntu unokubona umzobo ocacileyo wenqaba, kwinqanaba apho ichaphaza elikhanyayo elibonisa ukuba ikhefu lihamba kwaye libonise kubagibeli indawo yabo. Ngaphakathi kwekhrikhiyiti kukho i-atrium-indawo yangaphakathi yesetyhula, enomlinganiselo weemitha ezili-27 kunye nobude beemitha ezili-142. Ubude bayo bubungakanani ukusuka kuma-56 ukuya kuma-87 ephantsi. Kujikeleza indawo yokukhulula, njengokungathi i-corridors, i-28 epheleleyo. I-skyscraper yenziwe ngekhonkrit eqinisekisiwe kunye nesinyithi, kwi- glass facade kukho izinto ezingenanto kunye nezinto ezihlobisa ezenziwe nge-granite, i-aluminium kunye nentsimbi engenasici.
Yaye yintoni ephakathi?
Inqaba yaseJin Mao ayikho nje ishishini leshishini, kodwa ihotele nehotele. Iiplanga ezimbini zokuqala zihlala kwihotele e-Grand Hyatt, nantsi iindibano zayo zokuvakasha kunye neeholide. Ukususela kuma-3 kuya kuma-50-iofisi, zilandelwa ziphantsi zombini zobuchwephesha, ukusuka kwi-53 ukuya kuma-87 ezantsi-indawo ephezulu ye-hotel complex. Ukulungelelaniswa kweendwendwe kwinqaba kuphela eminyango engama-3, ezimbini zazo zikhokelela kwiiofisi, kwaye enye-kwihotele. Ngomgangatho we-88 kunendawo yokubona, enemibono ephawulekayo yeso sixeko, kwaye ngasentla Ihotele i-Grand Hyatt 5 * yinkampani yeehotele zanamhlanje, enezinto zonke ozifunayo ukuze uphile kwaye uphumule. Ewe, ukuhlala kuyo akubizi. Ukuba unqwenela, akunzima ukufumana inkcitho engabizi yendawo yokuhlala ngaphandle kokuhamba ukusuka kwindawo ephakamileyo.
Indawo yokujonga
I-Skywalk yindawo efikelelekayo yokutyelela ityelelo. Indawo epheleleyo yendawo yokujonga i-1.5 km 2 , ngelo xesha iyakwazi ukuhlala kakuhle abantu abayi-1000. Ngamafasitela e-panoramic ungabona isixeko sonke njengesandla sakho. Ukusuka kwimbono yeentaka, i-Shanghai ayikho yonke indawo emhlabeni. Ikota yezoshishino ibonakala njengezindlu zokudlala, kwaye i-tower ye-TV yaseMpumalanga "Pearl" ayibukeli kakhulu. Kwiifestile zeepanoramic ungafunda amagama ezixeko ezinkulu kunye nomgama kubo ukusuka kwindawo yakho ngethuba. Kodwa ukuba awunakho okwaneleyo kwezi ziboniso, ungakulibali ukujonga phantsi - kwi-atrium yehotele. Ukuqwalasela: ukutyelela umgca wokubona ubonakala kunengqondo kwimozulu efanelekileyo. Ngeentsuku xa ukuphefumula kwendawo yokukhwabanisa kungabonakali ngenxa yamafu, akunakunqanda ukuchitha ixesha kweso sikhenketho. Ukutyelela ummandla obonakalayo ufumaneka imihla ngemihla ukususela ngo-08: 30 ukuya ku-21: 00. Uhambo luhlawulwa, kodwa kholwa kwam, iindleko zalo zilungelelanisa iimpawu ezifunyenweyo. Kwidonki yokubonwa ngokuqhelekileyo kukho urhwebo olusebenzayo kuzo zonke iintlobo zeembulelo, kodwa ungagqibi ukuthenga apha: kwiivenkile "zasemadeni" zasezidolophini ziya kuba zingabizi.
Impumelelo yegolide
Ingaphakathi lwangaphakathi lomkrokra uyamangalisa ngokuhlonipha kwayo kunye neninzi yezinto zonke zegolide. Kwaye akumangalisi, kuba "ukuchuma kwegolide" kukuguqulelwa ngokoqobo kwegama elithi Jin Mao. Ukwakhiwa kwekhredithi yezemidlalo kwakuqhutywe ngokugcina zonke izithethe zaseMpuma nokusebenzisa ukuphuhliswa kwangoko. Ngenxa yoko, sinokubona isakhiwo esihle nesithembekileyo, esiza kubhiyozela kwiminyaka engama-20 ubudala. Indlela yokuya kutyelele kwaye yiphi inqaba yaseJin Mao? Ifoto yale mibala "ekukhuleni" kungcono ukuyenza kude. I-skyscraper ifumane kufuphi nesixeko sasePudong, isiteshi se-metro esiseduze nguLujiazui.