Izixhobo, izixhobo kunye ukulwa Amandla Japanese Air Force: Mandulo Nakule Mihla

Le kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini yayilixesha uphuhliso olumandla Aviation zomkhosi kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu. Unobangela uMkhosi waseMoyeni kwakusekho imfuneko yokuba States emoyeni kunye enomjukujelwa nokhuseleko kumaziko zoqoqosho nezopolitiko. Uphuhliso ukulwa moya kwabonwa kuphela eYurophu. Le kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini - ixesha yokwandisa amandla Japanese Air Force, urhulumente uye wafuna ukuzikhusela ngokwabo, izibonelelo zikarhulumente qhinga kunye ebalulekileyo.

Njani ukuba kwaqala? Japan kule minyaka 1891-1910

Ngowe-1891, oomatshini yaseJapan kuqala eziphaphazelayo zaziswa. Ezi iimodeli usebenzisa Motors zerabha. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, yayiyilwe yi -moya ngakumbi, apho isakhiwo waba drive kunye elijikelezayo Pusher. Kodwa le mveliso i Japanese Air Force wayengenamdla. Aviation ukuzalwa kwenzeka ngo-1910, emva kokuba nokufunyanwa moya "Farman" yaye "Grande".

-1914. I dogfight lokuqala

Imizamo yokuqala ukusebenzisa moya Japanese emkhosini kwenziwa ngoSeptemba 1914. Ngelo xesha umkhosi ilanga eliphumayo, kunye iBritani neFransi wamelana amaJamani imi kummandla China. A ngonyaka phambi kwezi ziganeko i-Japanese Air Force ukulungiselela iinjongo zoqeqesho ezifunyenwe ezimbini moya double "Nieuport NG" enye ezintathu "Nieuport i NM" 1910 ukukhululwa. Kungekudala le aviaedinitsy ziye esisetyenziselwe zokulwa. air force yaseJapan ngo-1913, phambi kokuba moya ezine "Farman", nto leyo yenzelwe sokuhlola. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, baqalisa ukuba isetyenziselwe isicelo lezimangalo umoya phezu yotshaba.

Ngowe-1914, umkhosi umoya waseJamani kwenziwa uhlaselo phezu lwezithuthi Tsingatao. EJamani ngelo xesha ukusebenzisa enye best koomatshini zakhe etshisayo, - "Taub". Ekuhambeni kweli phulo le-moya Air Force Japanese wenziwe 86 nokuhlasela waphosa iibhombu 44.

iminyaka 1916-1930. Imisebenzi ezinkampani lokuvelisa

Ngelo xesha, iinkampani Japanese "Kawasaki", "Nakajima" yaye "Mitsubishi" iyenziwa ukuphuhlisa isikhephe luphaphazela ekhethekileyo "Yokoso". Ukususela ngo-1916, abenzi Japanese udale yoyilo best imifuziselo moya eJamani, France kunye England. Ezi meko zinje lathatha iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu. Ukususela ngowe-1930, iinkampani aqalile kuveliso moya kuba Force Air eJapan. Namhlanje, semkhosini state phakathi imikhosi zinamandla ezilishumi ehlabathini.

uphuhliso lwasekhaya

Ngo-1936, iinkampani lemveliso Japanese "Kawasaki", "Nakajima" yaye "Mitsubishi"-moya yokuqala ezakhiwayo. Air Force Japan sele yaba-injini ezimbini bomber imveliso yasekhaya G3M1 kunye Ki-21 moya kwesimo Ki-15 masosha A5M1. Ngowe-1937, ungquzulwano phakathi eJapan China nolungenachaphaza. Oku kwabangela ukuba uthengiso kwamashishini emikhulu mveliso yaseJapan nokubuyisela ulawulo lukarhulumente phezu kwabo.

amandla womoya yaseJapan. umyalelo

Intloko imikhosi umoya of Japan yeyona kwikomkhulu ephambili. Umyalelo ilawulwe kuye:

• inkxaso yokulwa;
• ukundiza;
• unxibelelwano;
• uqeqesho;
• iqela ukhuseleko;
• test;
• esibhedlele;
• Japan Air Force isebe counterintelligence.

Battle of Air Force thaca alwayo, uqeqesho, ezothutho kunye moya ezizodwa kunye ntaka.

Umyalelo Ulwakhiwo-moya ngaphambi kokuba World

Kangangethuba elide imikhosi exhobileyo yoBukhosi of Japan baba ezimbini ezizimeleyo kwezinye izibonelelo yomkhosi nganye - i Army kunye Navy. Guide yokuqala afuna ukuba iiyunithi zabo phantsi umyalelo yezokubhabha nokuthuthwa umthwalo wabo. Ukudala iziphathi ezinjalo Takinava ngendlela zezixhobo mveliso "Arsenal №1", ebeyinalo imikhosi ilizwe, aphuhlisiwe kwaye kuyasetyenzwa umkhweli nomi neenqanawa ezikhoyo. Bona iindlela abangabancedani zezithuthi kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukuba ukuthutha abasebenzi kunye nemikhosi emhlabeni vehicles. Ngomhla kummandla le mveliso yayimi iziseko indiza ekuvumela ukuba ufumane iinqwelo-moya lendebe.

Phambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I umkhosi Aviation Japan waba iyunithi yayo ephambili emkhosini - umoya brigade Wezomkhosi. Kwakugcwele squadrons (AE). Nganye equlathe moya elinanye. Kwezi, yaphambana ukubayinxalenye myezo. Inani yagqabhuka omnye umgca link Aviation Authority (LA) yaye zilandele Staff Jikelele. isigaba ngasinye senzelwe umsebenzi othile: kwesimo, umlweli imisebenzi legkobombardirovochnyh ye-Japanese Air Force. izixhobo kwesimo kunye nezixhobo regiments wababala 30 iiyunithi karma - 45. ezizodwa zahlukahlukano aviagroup ukusekwa, eziye zokuchopha zabo, trims. Ukuba bagcinwa kwi Army Aviation Corps. I ukubasebenzisa amagosa kwi gaba alithe gangqa umthetheli.

kuhlela

Ngowe-1942, ukuba ziye zasuswa Army Aviation lweSizwe. Kuphela ukwahlukana, abathi iinxalenye regiments na isakhiwo umyalelo Task ephakamileyo. Phambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, yonke inqwelo-moya waseJapan andibanga uhlobo olwahlukileyo amajoni, kwaye subordinated ukuya Navy kunye nomkhosi komlawuli. Ngaba kungekudala bahlela iiyunithi lweenqwelo umkhosi, nto leyo umbutho, okanye regiments (AA), ukuba nelokusebenza kwaye qhinga:

• Okokuqala Air Army (BA) kunye nesiseko kwingingqi Kanto nekomkhulu eTokyo. Danae umkhosi Japanese olulawulwayo Kurile Islands, Korea, Taiwan.
• BA Second kumi Xinjing. Kwindawo yoxanduva yaba Manchukuo.
• imikhosi komhlaba wesithathu VA olawula kummandla mpuma Asia. Ikomkhulu wayemi e Singapore.
• BA wesine elawulwa New Guinea kunye Solomon Islands. Ikomkhulu ise eRabaul.
• Fifth VA waba kwindawo yoxanduva ngaphakathi kwiindawo ezinabantu emazantsi nasempuma China. Ikomkhulu - kwisixeko Nanjing.
• Sixth VA waba ikomkhulu lalo kwisiqithi Kyushu. indawo elawulwa - isiqithi Okinawa, Taiwan nasentshona of Japan.

"Raihan" Air Japan

Imbali eli gama ifikelela ngo-1944. Ngelo xesha, Japan wenza ngokuhlanganisa Aviation. Ngenxa yale regiments Aviation ekhoyo umthetho yi namagubu Japanese kwiiyunithi zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa akhiwa. Aba butho of ekuhlaseleni kunye namaxwebhu asemthethweni zaye zachongwa butho "Raihan". umsebenzi wabo ukutshatyalaliswa ebonakalayo leeyunithi bomber le United States Air Force B-17 no-B-29. Ekubeni umsebenzi igubu yayo Japanese Icandelo eyodwa lwenziwa usebenzisa yegusha ukushaya kwibhodi moya lwabo zange abe naziphi na izixhobo.

Kuba design leeyunithi ezilolo uqinisa moya fuselage eqhelekileyo ngcono. Nakule yonke imikhosi umoya of Japan yamiselwa ngaphezulu kwemigqomo 160 of kwiiyunithi zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa mboni. Kwezi, 57 ziye kwakheka kwi isiseko lokuqeqesha amaqela moya.

Ngowe-1945, lo msebenzi lwaqhutywa "Ketsu-hamba 'kuba ukukhusela iziqithi eJapan yimikhosi umoya eUnited States. Ngenxa yoko le ngokuhlanganisa yonke imikhosi kwadityaniswa libe phantsi kophahla olunye phantsi kobunkokheli General Aviation M. Kavabe.

imodeli ezininzi

Phakathi moya ezahlukeneyo ukulwa yezokubhabha singene indawo ekhethekileyo Mitsubishi F-2. Japan Air Force, kuba leyo eyenzelwe, wasebenzisa le modeli njengendlela yokufundisa kunye noqeqesho, kunye ukulwa-bomber. Lo moya ithathwa ukuba abe ngumlandeli uhlobo maloudachnyh yangaphambili F-1, apho wadala ngumvelisi Japanese "Mitsubishi". Bawo, ngubani na F-1 kukuba le modeli wakhululwa ngezwi kunye noluhlu umthwalo yokulwa encinane. Xa eyila imodeli entsha F-2 abayili Japanese, abaphuhlisi phantsi kwempembelelo le projekthi American "Edzhayn Ukhozi". Ngaphandle kwento yokuba F-2 generated zibukeke kusikhumbuza kwendlela yayo - imodeli American ye F-16, loo nto ithathwa ukuvelisa omtsha Japanese, kuba has ezinye iiyantlukwano:

• Ukusetyenziswa izinto ezahlukeneyo zokwakha. Xa eyimveliso imodeli Japanese luphawulwa ukusetyenziswa kwezi izixhobo ezijongeneyo phambili, nto leyo enokuchatshazelwa kakhulu kukwehla ubunzima airframe.
• Aircraft Design F-2 olwahlukileyo F-16.
• umtshini-ebhodini Various.
• Ngokungafaniyo ezingalweni.
• F-2 kunye kwase yayo isebenzisa elektroniki ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Uyilo lwe-moya Japanese F-2 ithelekiseka kunye kwase olulula, ubulula bhetyebhetye.

model B6N1

Air Force of Japan kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II wasebenzisa enye best-kumgangatho wakhe inomzimba ekuhlaseleni B6N1 ( "Tendzan"). Ukuqala eziziswe lothotho inani lo moya kwaqala ngo-1943. Ekupheleni ekwindla yayakhiwe 133 moya. Zesampulu yokuqala wafumana butho, eziquka iziphathi-moya: th 601, we-652, kunye th 653. Ekubeni kukho isoyikiso evela US Air Force kwisiqithi yaqinayo, kubunkokheli Japan eyama, kwagqitywa sokutshintshela units B6N1 mane eRabaul. NgoNovemba, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kule modeli, emfazweni umoya yokuqala oko kulahlekileyo. It abangama-16 axhobileyo "Tendzanov". Kwezi, i-Air Force Japanese ezilahlekileyo ezine. Ezi nokuhlasela ezimbini ezilandelayo nabo kuphumelele.

design B6N1

• "Tendzan" cylinder ifakwe lungapholi nomoya.
• Injini "Mamoru" sijoliswe 1800 l / s.
• Isixhobo ukulwa moya simelwe ephezulu nesezantsi nokufakela imipu ukuvuleka 27.7 mm ezimbini.
• umthwalo sazo B6N1 ebalwe kwi 800 kg. Oku kuquka inomzimba (1pc) kunye iibhombu.
• umthamo AL - abantu abathathu.

I zomkhosi Mariana Islands

NgoJuni 1944, Japan Air Force wasebenzisa kumgangatho "Tendzan" kwidabi kufutshane Mariana Islands. Iyonke iiyunithi 68 bathatha inxaxheba. umfuziselo B6N1 kule mpi waba inomzimba-ekuhlaseleni kunye neenkokeli radar - zaba gunner kumaqela akhethekileyo yesandi of moya Japanese. Le mpi Japan kunye moya yayo ebilahlekile. Of emacaleni 68 emva uzakubuyela isiseko abasibhozo kuphela.

Emva kokuba Battle of the mariana lweenqwelo lobunkokheli Japanese, kwagqitywa ukuba moya umfuziselo asebenzise isiseko yonxweme kuphela.

Longquzulwano ye-USSR

Aircraft "Tendzan" kwidabi for Okinawa zasetyenziswa ekuhlaseleni kunye neemoto wempi. moya B6N1 yafakwa radar okhethekileyo. Ngoko Japan Aviation umyalelo model owanikwa wabelwa 93-m kokutai (Air Group), nto leyo yenziwe patrol anti-ngwenya. "Tendzany" Kwakhona wangena 553rd kokutai. Japan Air Group Air Force yayiquka cars 13 wathabatha inxaxheba iimfazwe kunye moya eSoviet Union.

Nangona parameters zayo omhle zobugcisa, i-Japanese "Tendzany" liye engxakini, olu sapho lwaluquka ukukhetha injini. Oku lwanciphisa inkqubo B6N1 intshayelelo kwimveliso. Ngenxa yoko, imodeli ekhutshwe kwasilela kakhulu emva moya yotshaba.

umoya Japanese fleet

Ngowe-1975, abasebenzi zezulu amandla Japan yayiquka ngabantu 45 amawaka. Ukulwa fleet waba iiyunithi 500. Kwezi, 60 kuba ababelwa oomatshini F-4EJ, 170 iiyunithi F10- 4J no 250 F-86F. Isebenziselwa imodeli ukuhlola RF-4E kunye RF-86F (iiyunithi 20). EJapan Air ngokuthutha iimpahla ababuleweyo yanikezelwa oomatshini eyama-35 kunye ntaka 20 150 DB Lwedilesi Hajk-J. Esikolweni ehlotyeni, kwakukho moya 350. Zoncediso zokuba zinqwnqwadelwe kwi nokutshitshiswa kwee-Japanese umyalelo emoyeni airbases-15 kunye zokuchopha.

Ngo-2012, inani labasebenzi iye yehla ukusuka 45 000 ukuya 43 700 Okubalulekileyo kukuba ukwanda kwezithuthi (iiyunithi 200).

Air Force Japan namhlanje ziqulathe iiyunithi 700, kuquka:

• 260 - kwaye Committe nabalwi multi-nxaxheba;
• 200 - stormtroopers kunye imodeli noqeqesho emfundo;
• 17 - AWACS iindiza;
• 7 - imodeli ethwele intelligence radio;
• 4 - egiyeni qhinga;
• 44 - oomatshini zomkhosi-ezothutho.

plan Defense

Ukunciphisa inani abasebenzi kunye nokwandiswa kwezi zithuthi yokulwa moya kubonisa yokuqhelwaniswa imikhosi umoya eJapan engekho ubunzima kunye naloo ngongoma igalelo. Ngokutsho isicwangciso esitsha ukuziphendulela, uMkhosi waseMoyeni akayi kwandisa amandla yokuzikhusela, yaye uya kwenye indawo butho yayo ngokujolisa nabo kwi zikhundla ngobuchule lula. Enye yezi ndawo ke siqithi Ryuko. Inyathelo lesibini kwimisebenzi Air Umyalelo uya kufumana i-moya umlweli sesihlanu-ngezizukulwana.