Lwangaphandle kunye yangaphakathi isakhiwo Amphioxus

Lancetshaped slug - loo nto ixesha elide ebizwa ngokuba esi silwanyana umangalisayo. Ngoku izazinzulu bazi kakuhle zonke iinkqubo ebalulekileyo omele kakhulu abangekaphuhli ye uhlobo Chordates. Inkangeleko, ubume lwangaphakathi lwe Amphioxus kunye neempawu iinkqubo zayo nokomzimba kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kwinqaku lethu.

Imbali amazwe kunye nezityalo

Emva kwenkulungwane ye-18, umhambi Russian adumileyo kunye Isazinzulu uPetros Simon Pallas afumaneka emanzini Sea Black isidalwa iyakhanya amancinci. Ngokwangaphandle, kukhangeleke ngathi silwanyana. Olunye uphando kunye nesakhiwo Amphioxus wabonisa ukuba le ephilayo yi chordates mandulo. Ukusuka kwakhe luqalwe zonke lomqolo.

Amphioxus endalweni afumaneka emazantsi kweelwandle neelwandlekazi. Lowo uhlala wamngcwaba entlabathini kubunzulu-25 eemitha. Imibungu lesi silwanyana ezifumaneka ezincinane - isambuku izityalo kunye nezilwanyana phezu kwamanzi. Ukuba intlabathi evakalala kakhulu, Amphioxus wenkukhu kuwo ngokunzulu kakhulu, exwebula buvele ngaphandle kuphela inxalenye encinane ekupheleni ngaphambili umzimba. Ukuba umphezulu emazantsi ubunjwe intlenga, balala nje phezu komhlaba. Amphioxus Unga ukuhamba phakathi amasuntswana yintlabathi emanzi.

Ezi zilwanyana bakhetha ukuhlala amathanga, inani labantu ukuba efikelela amawaka abantu. Ukwenza ukufuduka onyaka, kunye ke ukoyisa umgama weekhilomitha eziliqela.

isakhiwo Amphioxus lwangaphandle

Ubume be-Amphioxus, okanye mandithi ukumila, sizimisele igama layo. Abonakala ngayo ifana kakhulu kwesixhobo yotyando. Libizwa ngokuba i Lancet. Umzimba wesilwanyana atshabalalisa yokuxazulula. Isiphelo akuyona tapered nangasemva cut elibhalwe ngokumileyo. Kwicala ventral kanye amaphiko iquka nezibaya fomu, leyo bahlanganisane ukuze ephikweni lanceolate nomsila Ezomva umzimba. Amacala lesi silwanyana mincinane - up 8 cm.

izigqubuthelo

Amphioxus isakhiwo sangaphandle - isikakhulu cover umzimba. Uchazwa yi kuqweqwe ngelaphu - umaleko ube mnye epithelium. Ukusuka ngaphezu kokuba legqunyiwe ngomaleko obhityileyo Ulobuza. Kanye intlanzi, iiseli ulusu nivelisa yencindi esigquma umzimba wonke. Phantsi kwekhwapha laphu kukho inwebu kwizicwili.

Skeleton nemisipha

Avilable Amphioxus ecacisiweyo inkqubo ngokunika inkxaso kunye nentshukumo. Kukho amalungiselelo kunokuba kwakudala. Amathambo emelwe Isingqi, enqamleza ecaleni umzimba yonke ukusuka sesiphelo kudweliso ngasemva. Musculature na uhlobo imisonto emibini. Bona ezotywe kumacala omabini intambo yezihlunu. Loo isakhiwo kwenza kube lula ukuphumeza Amphioxus kuphela iintshukumo phinda. Kunye imisipha uyagoba umzimba kwicala elinye. Le notochord ubuye enze njenge nokulingana - elungi- Amphioxus.

Iimpawu yesakhelo sangaphakathi Amphioxus

Isakhiwo yangaphakathi phakathi chordates kakhulu kwakudala. uhlobo lwabo angenzi ukutya. Ezi zilwanyana mdla lokucoca ulwelo. inkqubo ngokulandelana yokwetyisa. Luquka emlonyeni, umqala kunye amathumbu kunye zesibindi tubular izalelwe. Umthombo wamandla kuba Amphioxus na kwezilwanyana, ciliates, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ulwelwe, ezidla ezinye chordates.

product Amanzi ngokusondeleyo ukuya inkqubo ukuphefumla. Ngomhla iindonga pharynx kuyinto isethi neseli isiliya. isenzo sabo kudala eyayinethombo rhoqo amanzi udlula pharynx kunye dj slits. Wazithwala kwakhona phandle exchange igesi. Emva koko, amanzi ukhululeka ngaphandle ngokusebenzisa Pore dj. Ukongezelela, ukufakwa ioksijini nokukhululwa carbon dioxide kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ezigquma umzimba.

In Amphioxus babe ezikhethekileyo amaziko zinomgutyulo. Loo maKristu abizwa ngokuba Nephridia. Le multiple ngezibini rolls. Bona igcwale ngokupheleleyo umzimba, yaye mnye isiphelo somnyango ngaphandle kwisisu okolozhabernuyu.

Inkqubo kwegazi akukho ivaliwe. It iqulathe neempahla ezimbini - le ventral kanye amaphiko. Intliziyo engekhoyo. Yeyona umsebenzi benqanawa esiswini ngalo igazi ujikeleza yama- nzi. It ixutywa kulwelo kwisisu, ukuhlamba izibilini ngaloo ekwenzeni exchange igesi.

Le luvo iqulathe ityhubhu ibekwe ngaphezu Isingqi. Ayizi awakhi ukuqina, ngoko ke ingqondo e Amphioxus ndingekho. Loo isakhiwo abangekaphuhli e-nervous system kwaye ikhokelela kuphuhliso abaziintsizana izivamvo. Bona zimelwe emhadini ukuqgiba, sise ekupheleni phambi komzimba. Oku uyakwazi ukubona izinto imichiza langoku emanzini ukwimeko lichithakale. Apha ke ibekwe kunye nemisipha benzela ilungu oyivileyo. Apha uvaleke iiseli photosensitive.

Veliswa nophuhliso

Isakhiwo yangaphakathi ye Amphioxus kwaye imisela uhlobo uhlelo zokuzala. Oku izilwanyana dioecious kunye kwezichumiso lwangaphandle. Development of ngqo ngenxa amaqanda zikhule zibe kwindawo, apho ekuqaleni iflowuthi emanzini kwaye zifane Qhotsa iintlanzi. Iphila, ukukhula, yaye emva kwexesha utshona ukuya emazantsi, ayengcwaba enye isiphelo umzimba esantini. elilindelekileyo Amphioxus Ubomi iminyaka 3-4.

Meaning Amphioxus kwindalo kunye nobomi babantu

Ngo-mpuma Asia Amphioxus badle. Kwaye kulo mmandla na iintlobo ekujoliswe iminyaka emakhulu eliqela. Abalobi ukubamba kwabo ngqo ukusuka amaphenyane kwixesha ukususela Agasti ukuya kuJanuwari, iiyure ezimbalwa emva tide eliphantsi. Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa isixhobo ekhethekileyo. It is a ngesihlungulo esibondeni ngoqalo. Kulo nyaka, siye wabamba embalwa iitoni kweshumi of Amphioxus. Ukusuka kulungiselwe izitya yokuqala, oko eqhotsiweyo, wayipheka zomileyo kumazwe angaphandle. Le nyama yale isilwanyana nesondlo kakhulu, izityebi ngakwicala leeprothini namafutha.

Amphioxus ezi chordates zamandulo aselwandle zihlelwa uhlobo olunganeno Golovohordovye bescherepnyh. Akhokelela ukuphila umzimba kwaye udla lokuhluza. Okwangoku, bengengabo hlobo kuphela, kodwa kananjalo zisetyenziswe kuphando kuba ukufunda ngemvelaphi kunye nesikhundla taxonomic kwindlela ihlabathi isilwanyana ukuba ukuchonga iipateni nasekusungulweni chordates.