Izinto ezibangela iingxaki zehlabathi boluntu

Ngxabano emkhosini, lwezopolitiko noqoqosho kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo planethi ezenzekayo rhoqo ndawo. Kamsinya nje kuza senze ikhweyitha entshona, kukho oonobangela iingxaki zehlabathi kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye yoMhlaba. Kwezentlalo, abezoqoqosho, oosonzululwazi zezopolitiko kunye nabameli zenkcubeko kwaye zenzululwazi ezahlukeneyo zoluntu ukunika ingcaciso yezi ngezenzeko ngokwembono umbono wakhe, kodwa ukuntsonkotha lahla- isikali iplanethi yethu, ngoko akunakwenzeka ukunciphisa zonke iingxaki ezikhoyo nayiphi mmandla abangatshatanga ingongoma enye ngexesha.

Ingcamango ingxaki jikelele

Xa mkhulu kakhulu abantu ehlabathini, baza ingekabinazo zibe nesithuba esaneleyo. Yiloo ndlela abemi behlabathi, ukuba kwavumela ngoxolo abantu bomthonyama nkqu kwiindawo ezinkulu akakwazi kuhlala ngonaphakade. Kukho njalo abo ilizwe ummelwane kunye nentlalo-ntle musa lelinika ukuphumla. Inguqulelo yegama French izandi zehlabathi njenge "jikelele", oko kukuthi, usebenza kubo bonke. Kodwa iingxaki emhlabeni kwavela phambi kokufika kuphela lwimi kodwa ekubhaleni jikelele.

Xa siqwalasela imbali uhlanga lwabantu, yenye oonobangela iingxaki zehlabathi na kukuzingca lomntu ngamnye. Kwathi nje ukuba kwihlabathi izinto zonke abantu bacinga kuphela ngokwabo. Oku kuyenzeka naxa abantu radeyut ulonwabo nentlalo-ntle yabantwana babo kunye nabantu ababathandayo. Amaxesha amaninzi ukuphila kwabo kunye nokufunyanwa kweempahla eziphathekayo isekelwe phezu ukutshatyalaliswa ummelwane wakhe, nokususwa evela ubutyebi.

Ngoko ukususela kwixesha zobukumkani yaseSamariya nakwiYiputa yamandulo, kuyafana nanamhlanje. Kwimbali abantu basoloko thina iimfazwe neziphithiphithi. La yokugqibela ukususela neenjongo ezintle ukuba kude izibonelelo ntle ukusuka izityebi uphe amahlwempu. Ngenxa yonxano igolide, imimandla emitsha kunye namandla nguva yin'wana ni yin'wana zembali kwafunyaniswa wabo iingxaki zehlabathi yoluntu. Ngamanye amaxesha kukhokelela ukuvela emikhulu (Roman, basePersi, British kunye nabanye), nto leyo akhiwa kuloyiso kwezinye izizwe. Kwezinye iimeko - kokutshatyalaliswa impucuko lonke, njengoko waba yeAfrica kunye Mayans.

Kodwa izinto zange sibi kangaka iingxaki ezikhoyo ehlabathini namhlanje musa kuchaphazela umhlaba uphela, njengoko kunjalo namhla. Oku kungenxa ukuhlanganiswa sobabini uqoqosho kumazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nokuxhomekeka kwabo phezu komnye.

Imeko eziphilayo emhlabeni

Ubangelwa jikelele iingxaki zokusingqongileyo ekuqaleni andixoki kuphuhliso kwemveliso yoshishino, oluqale kuphela kwiinkulungwane 17-18. Baqalisa kakhulu ngaphambili. Xa sithelekisa ubudlelwane babantu kunye nokusingqongileyo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo wophuhliso lwawo, oko kwahlulwa ngezigaba 3:

• unqulo Nature nemikhosi zayo ezinamandla. Bubonke-woluntu nkqu kwinkqubo ngamakhoboka kukho unxulumano olukhulu kunene phakathi ihlabathi nomntu. Abantu babenqula indalo, wamngenisa izipho, ngoko waba nenceba kubo waza wabanika izivuno eziphezulu, kuba baxhomekeke ngqo kwi "sivumelane" yayo.
• KumaXesha Aphakathi, nemfundiso yonqulo umntu ungumoni kwaye nangona sisidalwa, kodwa - isithsaba indalo, abantu baye babeka phezu ehlabathini ezingqongileyo. Sele kweli xesha iqala ngaphantsi yokupasa ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo ukuze kuzuze uluntu.
• Uphuhliso lobudlelwane zongxowankulu kukhokelele kwinto yokuba uhlobo ngentsimbi isetyenziswe njengento abangabancedani, nto leyo "umsebenzi" ebantwini. kwamahlathi Kuku, ukungcoliswa kwimpatho zezulu, imilambo namachibi, ukutshatyalaliswa kwezilwanyana - konke oku kuye kwakhokelela senkcubeko yoluntu kwinkulungwane yama-20 ukuya Iimpawu zokuqala imeko mpilweni.

nguva yin'wana ni yin'wana yembali zophuhliso wesintu kwinqanaba entsha intshabalalo ukuba bamngqongile. Landela ezibangela iingxaki kokusingqongileyo - kukuphuhlisa kwemichiza, umatshini-isakhiwo, moya kunye noshishino enomjukujelwa-zokwakha, lwemigodi enkulu kombane.

Eyona buhlungu izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni yaqala ngo-1990, xa umoya iphoselwe ngaphezulu kwama-6 bhiliyoni iitoni yekharboni dayokhsayidi eziveliswa shishini yonke kunye kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho. Nangona emveni koku, izazinzulu kunye kwemvelo ndamgocagoca i-alam, kwaoko athathiweyo ukuphelisa imiphumo ekutshatyalalisweni amanyathelo ozone, ezibangela iingxaki zehlabathi lobuntu yaqala kuphela ivele ngokwenene. Phakathi kwabo, omnye kwephambili uphuhliso kwezoqoqosho kumazwe awahlukeneyo.

iingxaki zoqoqosho

Ngandlel 'ithile, ngokwembali ekhulisa kangangokuba kukho impucuko ukuba bengaphuhlanga ngokulinganayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo Umhlaba. Ukuba inqwanqwa kwinkqubo abangekaphuhli zoluntu ingaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ezifana: indibano, ukuzingela, izixhobo yokuqala baberhabaxa kwaye yokutshintsha ukusuka kwenye indawo uye kwenye kakhulu, kanti kwixesha Chalcolithic, umgangatho zezizwe amavila lohlukile.

Ukubonakala ukusebenza nemipu kuzingela izisa ilizwe apho ziveliswa, indawo yokuqala. Kwimeko zembali - oku Europe. Kule nkalo, akukho nto iye yatshintsha, kodwa ngaphambi kwinkulungwane yama-21 eseleyo ayisiso ikrele yobhedu okanye musket, ilizwe apho kukho izixhobo zenyukliya okanye ubuchwepheshe phambili kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi nobunjineli (acebe ngokwezoqoqosho). Ngoko ke, nanamhlanje, xa iingcali wabuza: "Ziyintoni na ezi zinto zombini iingxaki zehlabathi namhlanje", zibonakalisa imeko olihlwempu inani elikhulu kumazwe luyalambatha kwezoqoqosho.

Ingakumbi nenzondo kwamazwe World Okwesithathu kunye namazwe oluphucukileyo kakhulu izikhombisi ezinjalo:

amazwe ngokwaneleyo	amazwe aphuhlileyo kakhulu
Izinga lokufa eliphezulu, ingakumbi phakathi kwabantwana.	Sobude ubomi iminyaka 78-86.
Ukunqongophala ukhuseleko olwaneleyo zentlalo yabemi amahlwempu.	nokungasebenzi, ezixhaswa unyango.
amayeza buthathaka, ukunqongophala kwamayeza kunye amanyathelo othintelo.	Iyeza kwinqanaba eliphezulu, intshayelelo ezingqondweni abemi ngokubaluleka nokuthintelwa kwezifo, zonyango inshorensi yobomi.
Ukungabikho kweenkqubo zemfundo yabantwana nolutsha kunye nokubonelela abatsha imisebenzi iingcali.	ukhetho oMkhulu amaziko zezikolo kunye emfundo ephakamileyo kunye ubonelelo ngemfundo ezamahala, izibonelelo ezizodwa zokufunda

Okwangoku, amazwe amaninzi axhomekeke ngokoqoqosho phezu kwezinye. Ukuba nokuba 200-300 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, yiti ikhule e-Indiya kunye eCeylon, waye processed apho, elungiswe yaza ithuthwa kwamanye amazwe elwandle, kwaye le nkqubo sele inxaxheba iinkampani omnye okanye ngaphezulu, namhlanje izinto ekrwada lwahluma kwelinye ilizwe, kusingathwa kwenye, zize zifakwe kwi wesithathu. Kwaye oku kusebenza kuwo onke amashishini - ukususela ekwenzeni itshokolethi ukuqalisa imijukujelwa isithuba. Kaninzi ezibangela iingxaki zehlabathi ilala into yokuba xa lizwe omnye kwintlekele yoqoqosho, ngokuzenzekelayo usebenza kuzo zonke iqabane amazwe, kunye neziphumo zayo bafikelele isikali-langa.

A inkomba ukuze kumanyaniswe uqoqosho kumazwe awahlukeneyo kukuba zimanyene nje kuphela ixesha ukuchuma, kodwa ngamaxesha lobunzima. Akukho mfuneko yokuba ukujongana neziphumo yedwa, njengoko amazwe utyeba ukuxhasa uqoqosho amahlakani eziphuhlileyo kangako.

ukwanda kwabantu

Enye unobangela weengxaki zehlabathi zezazinzulu mihla bakholelwa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza labemi emhlabeni. Kulo mba, mhlawumbi makuqatshelwe iintsingiselo ezimbini:

• Kumazwe Western aseYurophu aphuhliswe kakhulu izinga ukuzalwa iphantsi kakhulu. Kukho iintsapho ezinqabileyo apho abantwana ezingaphezu kwe-2. Oku ngcembe kukhokelela ekubeni uluntu zomthonyama Yurophu ukuguga, yaye zathathelwa indawo nabafuduki avela eAfrika Asia, kwiintsapho eyenziwe kakhulu abantwana.
• Kwelinye icala, kumazwe ngokwaneleyo, afana Indiya, uMzantsi kunye Central Merika, eAfrika Asia, umgangatho ophantsi kakhulu zokuphila, kodwa isantya sokuzalwa eliphezulu. Ukungabikho unyango olufanelekileyo, ukungabikho kokutya kunye namanzi acocekileyo - konke oku kukhokelela izinga lokusweleka eliphezulu, ngoko kukho ezininzi abantwana baye basiwa ingxenye encane kubo ephila.

Ukuba umkhondo ukukhula abantu ehlabathini kule nkulungwane yama-20, ungabona indlela iye strong "dubulo" demographic kwiminyaka ethile.

Ngowe-1951, abantu ababehlala abantu nje 2.5 billion. Kwiminyaka eli-10, ihlabathi wahlala ngaphezulu kwama-3 bln., Ke liye leqa $ 5 billion ngo-1988, inani labantu. Ngowe-1999, eli nani wafikelela 6 billion, yaye ngowe-2012 abemi behlabathi abantu abangaphezu kwe-7 billion.

Oosonzululwazi bakholelwa unobangela iingxaki zehlabathi kukuba izibonelelo boMhlaba, xa ukusetyenziswa abangafundanga kwemithombo yezimbiwa wayo, njengoko kunjalo namhla, hayi kwanele ukuba wabantu okhulayo. Kule mihla ngonyaka afe yindlala abantu abazizigidi ezingama-40, nto leyo nto ukunciphisa inani labantu ukususela embindini umlinganiselo walo 2016 ukukhula ezingaphezu kwama-200 000 ziphila ngosuku.

Ngoko ke, eli iingxaki zehlabathi kunye wabo ekukhuleni lomgadi labemi, othe izazinzulu ngo-2100 ziya kudlula 10 billion. Bonke aba bantu badla, ukuphefumla, kunandipha iingenelo impucuko, ukuqhuba iimoto, kubhabha iinqwelo-moya nilicime uhlobo lomsebenzi yobomi yayo. Ukuba ngaba ukutshintsha isimo sabo ukuba okusingqongileyo kunye nabalingane babo, kodwa elizayo umhlaba balindele le ntlekele yemvelo, kukho lombulalazwe omkhulu kunye izimpi zomkhosi.

Iingxaki ukudla

Ukuba kumazwe aphuhlileyo kakhulu badla ubuninzi iimveliso, uninzi ezikhokelela iingxaki zempilo ezifana nomhlaza, isifo sentliziyo, nokutyeba, isifo seswekile, kunye nabanye abaninzi, ukuze amazwe ehlabathini wesithathu ekujongeni ireyithi ukungondleki zokunyanzelisa indlala phakathi kwabantu.

Ngokubanzi, onke amazwe ukuba zohlulwa ngokwendidi 3:

• Abo apho ukunqongophala rhoqo ukutya kunye namanzi. Oku 1/5 sabemi behlabathi.
• Amazwe apho iveliswa kwaye ikhule ukutya ngokwaneleyo, kwaye kukho inkcubeko ukutya.
• State, apho kukho iinkqubo yokulwa ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo iimveliso ukwenzela ukunciphisa ipesenti yabantu abanengxaki kwimiphumo ukutya engalunganga okanye luninzi.

Kodwa livelise kangaka ngokwembali nezoqoqosho, nokuba kumazwe apho abemi imfuneko ingakumbi ukungabikho kokutya kunye namanzi acocekileyo, okanye kwishishini ukutya yenziwe kakubi okanye iimeko zendalo zemozulu entle emsebenzini kwezolimo.

Ngelo xesha ihlabathi onemali ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho namnye wakha ulambile. States - iinkokheli zingatya abantu 8 bhiliyoni kwimveliso yokutya ngaphezu kobomi ehlabathini lonke, kodwa namhlanje abantu lezigidi bahlala kwimo yentlupheko egqibeleleyo, kunye nezigidi ezingama-260 ngonyaka yindlala. Xa emhlabeni unale indlala 1/5 abemi balo; ngoko ke yingxaki etyhutyha jikelele, ecombulula oko kufanele zonke abantu kunye.

ukungalingani kwezentlalo

Eyona eziphambili ezibangela iingxaki zehlabathi - ezingangqinelaniyo phakathi kwiiklasi zentlalo, esizibonakalisa khrayitheriya ezifana:

• Ubutyebi, xa zonke okanye phantse zonke izibonelelo zendalo kunye nezoqoqosho ezandleni khetha iqela elincinane labantu, iinkampani okanye zwilakhe.
• Power, leyo liphethwe kumntu omnye - intloko karhulumente okanye iqela elincinane labantu.

Uninzi kumazwe yehlabathi wesithathu anayo kulwabiwo yesakhiwo ibandla yephiramidi, encotsheni apho kukho inani elincinane labantu abazizityebi kwaye ibekwe ngezantsi amahlwempu. Nale ukwabiwa kwamandla kunye yezimali kweli lizwe abantu zahlulwe zibe izityebi namahlwempu, ngaphandle udidi eliphakathi.

Ukuba isakhiwo urhulumente yiRHOMBUS, encotsheni apho nawo amagunya phantsi amahlwempu, kodwa umaleko enkulu abalimi phakathi aphakathi kwabo, akukho ukuphikisana yezentlalo kunye neklasi gca. Le isakhiwo sezopolitiko uzinzile kakhulu kwilizwe elifana, ephuhliswe kakhulu uqoqosho kunye nokhuseleko loluntu amahlwempu olwenziwa yimibutho karhulumente kunye neyenkolo.

Namhlanje, amazwe amaninzi eMzantsi and Central Merika, eAfrika Asia babe isakhiwo pyramidal apho 80-90% yabantu abaphila ngaphantsi kweqondo lentlupheko. Baye i imeko ezingazinzanga yezopolitiko, ngokufuthi ukuthatha indawo babhukuqwa zomkhosi neziphithiphithi, nto leyo wazisa ukungalingani wamazwe ngamazwe, njengoko kwamanye amazwe ukuze abandakanyeka kwimilo zabo.

izidubedube zezopolitiko

Iimbangi ezingundoqo iingxaki zehlabathi-bulumko (inzululwazi) uchaza ukuba kwahlulwe phakathi komntu kunye nendalo. Zobulumko bakholelwa ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba kwanele ukuba abantu yancuma ihlabathi lwabo ngaphakathi kunye nokusingqongileyo zangaphandle, njengoko iingxaki ziya shwaka. Enyanisweni, yonke into nzima ngakumbi.

Kuyo nayiphi na ilizwe kukho imikhosi wezopolitiko umthetho uchaza kuphela umgangatho nobulunga bobomi kubemi balo, kodwa umgaqo-nkqubo yonke angaphandle. Ngokomzekelo, namhlanje kukho amazwe umhlaseli, adala ungquzulwano emkhosini imimandla yezinye amazwe. inkqubo yazo ibe phambi uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe, ekhusela amalungelo amaxhoba awo.

Ekubeni mihla phantse onke amazwe ngokwezoqoqosho kunye namanye, ngoko umtshato wabo ngamnye kurhulumente, ukusebenzisa le nkqubo ugonyamelo, kanye nje ngokwemvelo. Ukuba kwiminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo impendulo yimpi yaba yongquzulwano ngezixhobo, ngoku kusetyenziswa ukwayo lwezoqoqosho kunye nelwezopoliko, ezo musa ukuthatha ubomi, kodwa unako ukutshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo uqoqosho kweli lizwe umhlaseli.

izimpi zomkhosi

Izinto ezibangela iingxaki zehlabathi ekwangawo ngenxa yeemfazwe ezincinane. Ngelishwa, nkqu kule nkulungwane yama-21, kunye nabo bonke ubugcisa kunye nempumelelo zenzululwazi, ingqondo umntu kwinqanaba yokucinga abameli zamaXesha Aphakathi.

Nangona namhlanje awuzitshisi amagqwirha esibondeni, izimpi zenkolo kunye abagrogrisi musa ukukhangela ngaphantsi zasendle ngaphezu ngexesha Kwamacala. Lo mqathango okhankanywe ngempumelelo kuphela ukunqanda ungquzulwano ehlabathini kufuneka ibe komdibaniso onke amazwe nxamnye umhlaseli. Ukoyika ukuba nesizungu kwezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko nenkcubeko kufuneka longamele umnqweno lokuhlasela kummandla lwemo angabamelwane.

uphuhliso Global kwabantu

Ngamanye amaxesha izinto ezibangela iingxaki zehlabathi ehlabathini esinokubakho ngenxa yokungazi nakwinkqubo nenkcubeko abantu abathile. Namhlanje singakwazi ukubona umahluko ezinjalo, apho kwelinye ilizwe abantu bakhule, ukudala aphile okulungileyo karhulumente kunye nabanye, kunye nezinye - afune ufikelelo kuphuhliso zenyukliya. Umzekelo bekuya kuba ukruthakruthwano phakathi North noMzantsi Korea. Ngethamsanqa, inani kumazwe apho abantu bakholisa ukuba ivunywe yi inkqubela kwezenzululwazi, amayeza, ubugcisa, inkcubeko kunye nobugcisa, ngakumbi.

Unokubona njani ukutshintsha ezingqondweni uluntu, waba eyodwa. Ngokomzekelo, izazinzulu abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo bangasebenza phambili kwi projekti enye ukuya yokudibanisa imigudu iingqondo kakhulu, ngokukhawuleza ukusiqhuba.

Izisombululo kwiingxaki

Ukuba uluhlu oonobangela iingxaki zehlabathi ngokufutshane, kube:

• indawo amahlwempu;
• ukufumaneka amazwe kwezoqoqosho aphuhlileyo kakhulu;
• izimpi zomkhosi;
• ngxabano kwezopolitiko nakunqulo;
• ukwanda kwabantu ngokukhawuleza.

Ukusombulula ezi ngxaki, eli lizwe kufuneka babe ngakumbi edibene namanye, ukuhlanganisa imizamo yabo ukuze kupheliswe iziphumo ezivela kule planethi.