Izifo iris. Irises: Care endle

Ezi ntyatyambo ezintle ezifana irises, wayemthanda ngokubanzi belima abalimi kunye egadini ezahlukeneyo iindawo zendalo kunye zemozulu iplanethi yethu. Iintlobo zezityalo lulungiselelwe ukuba iintlobo kwemiqathango ebekwe, kwaye zisekelwe phezu kwezi abalimi udale iintlobo emnandi. Iintlobo ngeentlobo iintyatyambo, ingakumbi ukhathalelo kunye nokuzalana, kwakunye koko izinambuzane nezifo irises zifunyanwa, eli nqaku liza kukuxelela.

Ngubani wamnika igama?

Famous sobulumko yamaGrike amandulo kunye nogqirha noHippocrates uchaze intyantyambo kwiyantlukwano imibala yayo imbeko uthixokazi Iris. Yaba yena, kanye umnyama, edityaniswe izulu nomhlaba, evakalisa intando yabantu woothixo. Ukongeza, kwi "iris 'yamandulo Greek ulwimi kwakuthetha, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, umnyama, kwaye ke igama kule mbali. Xa semvelo ngenkulungwane XVIII uKarl Linney, ukwenza inkqubo enye yokuhlelwa kunye namagama zezityalo, iris egciniweyo igama layo yamandulo. Ngaphambi kokuba uthethe yintoni kuchaphazela izifo samehlo kunye nezinambuzane, ngokufutshane xoxa iimpawu ngokobugcisa esi sityalo.

incazelo lesayensi

Ezi ntyatyambo ezifana Iris, eyaziwa ngokuba begadi Pivnik okanye iris, i intsapho iris. Njengoko umthetho na rhizomatous ongatshiyo, kodwa kukho izityalo klubnelukovichnye. Xa band yethu abameli zixhaphakileyo iris rhizomatous, kakhulu nabalulamileyo kwi unakekelo ngokonga amanzi-ngenkani. Iris umyezo yakha enabayo elingqingqwa ukuba uhleli nzulu ngaphantsi komhlaba kwaye usoloko ewayo kulo, inala lweengcambu entle Imicu. Amagqabi Flat le ntyatyambo zezi exineneyo ombuku, Bathiwe wambu ifom ibe yintlahla angwevu, anencindi ezimhlophe xiphoides. Uninzi iintlobo irises ukuba ukukhula imiqadi fan-ezimile. Flowers irises, ukutyala kunye nokhathalelo esiqhutywa ngokungqinelana awohluke zezityalo, entlahleni ukusuka entlakohlaza emva ukuya phakathi kuJuni.

iimpawu iintyatyambo

Zonke iintlobo iintyatyambo iris zilungiswe kwi peduncle esiluqilima kwaye womelele. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iintyatyambo abangatshatanga, kodwa nazo zifumaneka inflorescences ezincinane. Umbala kungaba obungafaniyo kakhulu - qwa ukuya phantse abamnyama. Namhlanje, kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo, iintyatyambo ezo zipeyintwe ngemibala ezimbini okanye nangaphezulu. Equka iris intyantyambo ezintandathu, yaye ngamanye amaxesha amathathu ezinamagqabi, inani yangaphakathi ongaphandle ezahluke ngokumila, ubungakanani kunye nombala. Emva kweentyatyambo, isityalo uvelisa isiqhamo - exabe ibhokisi evuthelweyo yonxantathu apho kukho malunga 20 iimbewu ezinkulu sinombala.

Ziziphi iintlobo?

abalimi Foreign kunye abalimi bohlulwa iris zonke izityalo ezilinywa kwigadi, phezu amaqela amakhulu-13, nangona abanye bakholelwa ukuba kukho malunga 17. Xa ilizwe lethu kulisiko hlula iintlobo emyezweni iris (iris) kwi maqela alandelayo ezinkulu 10:

• elineentshebe;
• eSiberia;
• Japanese;
• remontant;
• arilbredy kunye aryl;
• Spur;
• Louisiana;
• Evans;
• Izityalo zonxweme Pacific;
• kangako kwaziwa.

Oluhlobo kuyimfuneko ngokwenene, kodwa ebomini eqhelekileyo wenza ukwahlukana ilula kwaye ngokucacileyo irises rhizomatous ibe ngamaqela amabini: elineentshebe kunye neborodatye. Kakhulu kuloo izitiya makhulu, Ilula zipeyintwe ngabameli irises elineentshebe. Ezi zibandakanya iintlobo ezininzi ekuthiwa-irises German elineentshebe ubude.

Mu kuya kwa nshita irises elineentshebe, phezu ezinamagqabi ziseza kuba 'iindevu "zabantu abenza villi ezinemibala, neborodatye imihombiso loo nto. Eli qela ibandakanya ezi ntlobo zilandelayo irises:

- Siberian (I. sibirica);

- Umgxobhozo (I. pseudacorus), ekwabizwa ngokuba lozhnoairovym;

- Japanese (I. japonica);

- Louisiana (I. Louisiana);

- Spur (I. spuria);

- California (I. California).

Siza kuzama isenza ngokufutshane nganye kwezi ntlobo.

iris barbata

Elineentshebe Iris yeyona ithandwayo iqela lonke iris. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho malunga 35,000 kwiintlobo bayo, yaye ezininzi ezitsha kunyaka ngamnye. Igama le mbali ngenxa villi ubuncwane ibekwe kwi ezinamagqabi asezantsi. iintlobo ezininzi yokudweba "barb" ngokwahlukileyo umbala engundoqo ye intyatyambo, eyakhiwa ezinamagqabi ezintandathu. Height iris elineentshebe yahlulwe ngokwamaqela amathathu:

1. High - ngaphezulu kwe-0.7 yeemitha;
2. Umyinge ukuphakama - ukususela 0.4 ukuya 0.7 m;
3. Low, ebude ayidluli-40 cm.

Umbala ziintyatyambo nto zombini obungabangeli mdla nezidibeneyo. Iqela irises elineentshebe yaye Iris germanica.

iris Siberia

Ngokungafaniyo aqine kwaye ukungafuni ngokwemigaqo kweentlobo iris zaseSiberia, iintlobo eyenziwe zisekelwe phezu kwayo, oluphezulu imfuno ubushushu nokukhanya. Plants eli qela zikhule lokulinganisa 1 ukuphakama. Magqabi sincinane, ngaphezu elineentshebe, abe umbala lighter. Abameli Varietal kufika imibala kunye ityatyambile eyahlukileyo entlakohlaza emva kwexesha. Unakho pick up bakala ukuze kweentyatyambo iya kuqhubeka kude kube sekupheleni kuka July. Izifo irises olinywayo, yaye akoyiki of ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kunye nezinambuzane ukugcwala zako inqabile.

Lozhnoairovy (Bog) iris

Phendla wo yegolide-yellow, kunye encinane emdaka 'ichukumisa', iintyatyambo ekupheleni Meyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Olu hlobo irises ekhula kakuhle nzulu, ukuya kwi-40 cm, amadama, kunye kwemida yawo. Ukhula kakuhle elangeni okanye umthunzi buso.

Kwindawo phakathi kwezi ntlobo irises, ezifana California, Louisiana, Japanese kunye Spur zinqabile, njengoko apha naphaya iimeko zethu iintlobo kancinane, kwaye, ngenxa nokunqaba yayo, hayi sitshiphu.

Flowers irises: yokutyala kunye nokhathalelo

Ukuthenga irises, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukhankanye uthenga into hlobo, kuba ichaphazela ukukhetha indawo lokutyala. Uninzi iintlobo mihla zombini irises elineentshebe kwaye neborodatyh bakhetha enelanga, efudumeleyo, lukhuselwe umoya. Noko ke, iintlobo ezifana Marsh, anencasa ezinoboya kukho izityalo ubumanzi onothando. irises okungenamagingxi-Marsh emaXhoseni phambili rhoqo zabo, kucetyiswa ukuba umhlaba kwamachibi kuyaphi iisoyi kunye ezinoboya - kunxweme izikhukhula, okanye emathafeni ezimanzi.

Ezinye iindidi irises ityalwa kwindawo phakathi entwasahlobo okanye nasekwindla, kwaye xesha kakhulu kukuphela ihlobo - kwiiveki zokuqala yasekwindla. Phambi kokutyala rhizomes zezi ntyatyambo, umhlaba kufuneka ongenamthetho kubunzulu we-20 - 30 cm, kwakunye ukuba phosphorous-potash and nitrogen isichumiso kunye nomgquba. Emva kokuba irises ndatyala, esishiya emhlabeni evulekileyo emva kwawo ukunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo kunye yokuvundisa, esusa ukhula njengoko kuyimfuneko.

Seat, ezi zityalo kufuneka qho emva kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu, njengoko iziqwenga kumila lukhula kwanyanzeleka ukuba kumphezulu. Ngenxa yale ndawo unikezelo incinane kwaye baphelise ukuba utyatyambe. Oku kusenokukhokelela ekubeni uphuhliso irises sifo.

Indlela phinda?

Ezi Perennials kungenziwa ngokutyalwa kokubini iimbewu kunye ngokukha. indlela Seed ezisetyenziswa kumsebenzi lokuvelisa waza wafumana ngendlela efanayo izityalo okwentyatyambo kwiminyaka 2-3.

indlela lula kwaye ifikeleleke ngakumbi irises ezizalayo - kwezityalo, apho isityalo unina isiphunzi yahlulwe nemizi kamva wafumana ityalwe emhlabeni. Repot uwahlule le ilungileyo ingaphelelwayo emva kweeveki ezimbini okanye ezintathu emva lokudubula kweentyatyambo. Ezityalwe iziza komhlaba kunye ukuthambeka kancinci - ukwenzela ukuba incam kumila ungaphezulu komhlaba. Too Ukutyala saselwandle nimqumbise uphuhliso iintyatyambo iris izifo nkqu abangele ukufa kwabo. Efunyenwe ngale ndlela izityalo okwentyatyambo kunyaka wokuqala emva kokutyala.

Iimpawu izifo kunye kolawulo lwabo

izityalo Uninzi kweli qela abanganyangekiyo okuphakamileyo sifo, kodwa iimeko zemozulu ntle kunye nokwenzakala ezahlukeneyo kumila irises zifo ezilandelayo kungenzeka:

1. Geterosporioz (aluthuli indawo), esizibonakalisa ngohlobo amabala emthubi ezahlukeneyo-ertyisi, ngokungakhethiyo isasazwe phezu bonke ubuso lamina. Zizinto ngakumbi amabala sifo zijika zibe mdaka yaye uhlanganise zibe omnye. Isityalo ibukeka buthathaka, entlahleni kahle kunye namagqabi yome. Geterosporioz eyenzeke ukuhluleka calcium lomhlaba kunye phosphorus. uphuhliso wayo kunokubangela enemvula ixesha elide ukufuma yalo phezulu iqhotyoshelweyo. Ukususela iris sifo iintyatyambo usaqala inceda sprayings 0.4% nesisombululo sulphur colloidal , okanye 0,3% of oxychloride yobhedu.
2. Bacteriosis (Ukubola emanzi) - sifo kakhulu yingozi, njengokuba nokuphuhlisa kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. I 'imiqondiso' yokuqala sifo yellowing futhi omisa yamagqabi. Emva koko, ngokusekelwe "fan", emva koko abachaphazelekayo enabayo kubola kunye livumba kuphawu ezingemnandi. Unobangela bacteriosis inokuba elakhiwe engachanekanga - Ukungena ngokugqithisileyo okanye kwindawo emnyama kakhulu kwaye zokuxinana kwamanzi. Xa uphawu lokuqala ukoyiswa esi sifo kunye nemfuneko ukwemba isityalo ukususa inxalenye uchaphazelekayo womGaqo kumila. indawo Inkqubo 'imisebenzi' potassium permanganate, kwaye ke nawuphi na ivuselela ukukhula. Emva kwale kumila utshile kakuhle, uze behle ngokwahlukeneyo ezinye izityalo kumhlaba owomileyo, ukuqikelela yakungcwaba.
3. Fusarium. Kulo sifo, iris iyaqhubeka ikhula kwaye okwentyatyambo, kodwa amagqabi tyheli ekuqaleni, uze uvule brown. Ukuthintela ukunwenwa kwesi sifo, phambi kokutyala enabayo iintsholongwane fundazol ngo-0.2% isisombululo kangangesiqingatha seyure. Ukuba wabetha bezityalo ezineentyatyambo uphantsi kwamanzi isisombululo isiphunzi fundazol efanayo.
4. Leaf amabala zingenzeka ngenxa iimeko zemozulu kakuhle. Imiqondiso yokuqala - amabala Umbala ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu amagqabi. Nokuqaphela ngoko nangoko ukutshiza isityalo sibetho 0.3% nesisombululo oxychloride yobhedu okanye 1% Bordeaux kuqamba fluid.

iintyatyambo izinambuzane

Ngaba kuchaphazela izifo iris kunye nezinambuzane. Phakathi izinambuzane:

• Cricket, happy rhizomes eyiva. Ukuba ujamelane nale ngxaki, ungasebenzisa granules kokuloba ezizodwa, ubangcwabayo emhlabeni jikelele irises lokutyala.
• Kasatikovaya (ebusika) unokuwuthabatha na. Imibungu yale feed zinambuzane kwi rhizomes kunye abadala uwaqobe isiseko neziqu. Loo uhlaselo igalelo kuphuhliso irises bacteriosis. Kweli xesha lokukhula kungenelela imibala eziyimfuneko ukutshiza kubo isicatshulwa umhlonyane: iilitha 10 abilayo iglasi yamanzi bacwangcise iinkuni uthuthu, icephe ngamnye isepha elulwelo kunye 300 g wemifuno. Bhotile cover isisombululo ashiye ukudlulisa iiyure 5-6. Ngokukhawuleza emva koko esetyenziselwa wokutshiza. Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa iintlobo iimveliso zebhayoloji ukuba kuthengiswa ezivenkileni elithile.
• Iris flower intombazana, Ufana iimpukane ezininzi eziqhelekileyo, ukuchitha ubusika emhlabeni, kodwa entwasahlobo ngayo wayirhubuluza, izale namaqanda ithupha. Ngaloo ndlela buchaphazela irises. Izifo Amaqhina awo kunye nokufa zabo ngenxa ngaphakathi imibungu lokondla ngenkuthalo. Eyenziwa adubule ezibolileyo, yaye, ke, loo ayichithwanga. Iingcali Siyaleza uqiniseke ukuba aphathe zonke izityalo kunye ukubonakala amagqabi, kwakunye nisaqala yavelisa amagqabi zinambuzane ezizodwa. Amaqhina abachaphazelekayo kufuneka ngoko nangoko kubuqhawula nokutshabalalisa.

Ukongeza kwezi izitshabalalisi, irises babe imigca ezichaphazelekayo, kaMeyi beetle, wireworms, iintlobo intothoviyane ezahlukeneyo kunye nematodes.