Ixabiso yokuhlela. Amanani kunye namanani

Kuqoqosho nkulu, mhlawumbi nayiphi na imveliso na ixabiso layo. Inokubuyiselwa kwakheka kwi isiseko ezahlukeneyo iindlela kunye nemithetho. Ngaphezu koko, indlela eqhelekileyo ekumiseleni kakuhle kwamaxabiso kwixesha eliphakathi abaphandi zehlabathi baye bafumanisa kunzima kakhulu. Kukho inani elikhulu kweekhrayitheriya ukuhlelwa mzobo ahambelanayo. Nguwuphi na kubo aqhelekile eRashiya?

Yintoni ixabiso yaye yintoni imisebenzi yayo

Ixabiso ngokutsho nkcazo oqhelekileyo - yindlela yokubonisa ixabiso imveliso ngohlobo imali. Iyilelwe ukuba enze iintlobo kwemisebenzi. Phakathi kwabo: accounting, ukukhuthaza, kunye nokusasazwa.

Ngokuphathelele imisebenzi of accounting, uphumezo yayo kuthetha ukuba usebenzisa i amaxabiso ayinakutshintshwa iindleko zokuvelisa kunye nokuthengiswa kwemveliso. Ingqondo yenzelwe ukuba ukujikelezisa iimeko elincumisayo ekukhuleni ukusebenza nokukhululwa kwempahla, ukuphucula umgangatho wabo, ukwandisa iinkqubo lobuchwepheshe imveliso. Umsebenzi unikezelo ijonge ukubandakanya ixabiso ezahlukeneyo irhafu, irhafu yempahla engenayo kunye nemisebenzi, ezo ke idluliselwe umthengisi kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali.

Abanye abaphandi kwakhona kuqaqambisa kwezentlalo umsebenzi ixabiso. Oku kubandakanya, kwelinye icala, ukuba abemi belizwe (kwingingqi okanye umasipala) baya kukwazi ukuthenga iimveliso ngeendleko elifanelekileyo ngokwezoqoqosho, kwelinye - ukuba inkampani evelisa uhlobo efanelekileyo iimveliso, kunokuba nokunengeniso igcine imisebenzi. Njengoko ukhetho - kuba abemi besixeko enye okanye ummandla.

Ngoku makhe siqwalasele ixabiso nokuba iqhutywa njani yokuhlela.

Features yokwahlukanisa ixabiso

Kukho iqela neenqwelwana, imihlaba amanani angqinelanayo wexabiso iimpahla binzana linokukwenziwa kudidi omnye okanye omnye. Ngoko ke, phakathi iindlela ezifanayo - ulwahlulohlulo ntengo isekelwe phezu komda wemisebenzi yorhwebo kwegazi. Ngokusekelwe izalathi si zokunikwa ixabiso ibinzana yempahla zinganikezelwa njenge:

• Amaxabiso ngokuphangaleleyo (njengokhetho, ngokuba imveliso mveliso);
• ukuthenga yokusebenza iindleko kwezolimo;
• Amaxabiso izithuthi;
• amanani;
• Amaxabiso Consumer (umz ubonelelo lweenkonzo zoluntu);
• amaxabiso, u ekumisweni eziphambili kurhwebo lwangaphandle.

Abanye abaphandi badla ukongeza eli cebo yokuhlelwa, ngokusekelwe kwi zigaba ezithile ejikeleza eemveliso.

lokuhamba yezimbiwa

Ngoko ke, kukho izigaba ezithathu eziphambili zale nkqubo:

• ukuhamba kwempahla ukusuka kwisityalo, leyo iye ekhutshwe kule mibutho basehowuliseyili;
• ukuhamba kwempahla ukusuka Wholesalers kumashishini ngemiyinge emincinci;
• iimpahla zokuthengisa zithengise ukutya kumsebenzisi ekupheleni.

Esi sikimu kwenza esinye isizathu ngokuhlelwa ngexabiso - iCandelo izalathisi ezifanelekileyo Ihowuliseyili neRiteyili. Emva kwethutyana siza kukhangela iinkcukacha zabo ezithile.

Ngokuphathelele amaxabiso ihoseyile, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba zikufutshane ngokwaneleyo nokuthengwa ezisetyenziswa kwezolimo. Bona ezibekwe kubalimi ngabanye okanye agro kumsebenzisi isiphelo okanye, umzekelo, izakhiwo ezincedisana - ezithengisa iinethiwekhi ze, etc ...

Kukho njengenqobo kwezoqoqosho, njengenxalenye apho classification kunye namaxabiso isakhiwo. Ngoko ke, abaphandi ukusekela izalathisi sabelo kudidi enye okanye enye, ngokusekelwe iqondo ngoncedo karhulumente amaxabiso. Ukuba ubambelele kule ndlela, iimpawu uhlelo ixabiso ziya luboniswe iqondo ngokuvumelana kunye nemithetho yonikezelo kunye nemfuno. Ngenxa yoko, izalathisi ingaba:

• free (oko kukuthi, amaxabiso lwenziwa kuphela ngokusekelwe imithetho yonikezelo kunye isidingo);
• Adjustable (ngamanye amaxesha karhulumente iyangenelela iindlela ezifanelekileyo, amaxesha amaninzi kumayelana kubaluleke sobuchule kumacandelo zoqoqosho zesizwe);
• fixed (amandla amaxabiso ezisisigxina ngokucacileyo ukwenzela iimveliso ezithile).

Kulo mzekelo, iindlela yesibini neyesithathu inokuba khona uqoqosho nkqu aphuhlileyo kakhulu, ingqalelo njenge kumazwe esezantsi wongxowankulu. Ngokufanayo, kule ngokobuninzi likarhulumente ungenelelo ngamandla karhulumente kwezoqoqosho, umzekelo, e China kukho indawo amaxabiso free.

amalungiselelo trade

Ukuhlelwa ixabiso enokwenziwa na ezinye izizathu. Ngenxa yoko, amanani angqinelanayo wexabiso iimpahla linokukwenziwa kudidi omnye okanye kwenye indawo zorhwebo. Ukuba sithethe ngale icandelo ubudlelwane zorhwebo, ixabiso ingaba: kwifandesi, exchange stock okanye indlela yokuxoxisana. Uhlobo lokuqala yokusebenza ingachazwa yi dissimilarity kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa namanani emarikeni. Oku ezaqala yemnyama.Iifandesi eyaziwa Okukodwa. Gqitha amazinga otshintshiselwano kufutshane kunokuba ibe ixabiso lemarike. Xa ubudlelwane nomthetho commercial iikhrayitheriya oqhelekileyo yemvumelwano. Ngokutsho kwabo, ibe kumiselwa ixabiso kwempahla, nto leyo inkampani phantsi isivumelwano kufuneka abulawe ngokwahlukileyo.

Maxa wambi wasebenzisa ukuhlelwa amaxabiso qho ethile. Ngenxa yoko, amanani angqinelanayo wexabiso kwempahla ukuze kazwelonke, kwingingqi okanye imibutho yasekuhlaleni. Kodwa kuqoqosho Russian, le ndlela amaxabiso ayikho yokuhlela eqhelekileyo kakhulu.

Siye sifunde kule nkcukacha kweentlobo ezithile yamaxabiso, ezo mhlawumbi nokwanda iphezulu kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Iintlobo amaxabiso yokuhlelwa kwazo yamkelwa ingcali uluntu kwihlabathi ungahluka, kodwa phantse kuzo zonke iindlela ezichaphazelekayo langoku umba efana izalathi si zokunikwa ixabiso lehoseyile yempahla. Makhe sifunde ngokweenkcukacha.

Iimpawu amaxabiso lokushiywa

lwamaxabiso evenkile ethengisela - ngomlinganiselo oluphawula imveliso kwamashishini, ngokufuthi ukusebenza kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zamashishini, ukuthengiswa kunye nokuthengwa umba yokusebenzisana iikontraki. Ubunini-sikhokelo kweendlela ezifanelekileyo ngokufuthi semxholweni. Kukho eziliqela izizathu ezongezelelweyo apho kunokuba ixabiso yokuhlelwa ukubayinxalenye kudidi lokushiywa. Ngoko ke, ukukhululwa:

• namanani entengiso;
• Iimpawu ixabiso Industrial.

Okukodwa yokuthengisa amaxabiso eboniswe yabo nomvelisi imveliso ngenjongo yokuthengisa yeshishini lonikezelo. Kwezinye iimeko, le Inani elifanayo ukuze inokuchazwa ixabiso wotshintsho. Oku kungenzeka ukuba intsebenziswano phakathi izakhiwo equmrhu esemthethweni elifanayo (umzekelo, eziliqela Afrika njengenxalenye ebambe). Amaxesha amaninzi, ixabiso wotshintsho busisigxina kwisivumelwano, eso sifundo apho - mboleko yorhwebo.

Njengoko iindleko zokusebenza mveliso, ukuba ziimpawu impahla kugqithiselwa ngokubanzi ngamajelo efanayo amaxabiso ihoseyile, kodwa kuquka VAT kunye nezinye iintlawulo nee layini (idla kwasekwa ngeendleko zeenkonzo nomlomo). Ngoko, umahluko phakathi iintlobo ezimbini iphawulwe yokusebenza lokushiywa na oqaphelekayo, kodwa ngokubanzi egcine ukufana ebalulekileyo zesakhiwo.

Abanye abaphandi baye babonga amaxabiso amaninzi, nto leyo akhekha nempembelelo ephawulweyo factors exchange. Kuthathwa ukuba nani ahambelanayo isekelwe iingcaphulo kwi istock exchange yaye ekugqibeleni wamisela kuthathelwa ingqalelo ngezaphulelo kunokwenzeka kunye nezinye umthengisi engcono kubathengi (okanye, icala, ngokuxhomekeke ukunyusa, umzekelo, kuba akukho ubudlelwane zizinze phakathi kwamashishini).

Umsebenzi kunye nexabiso Ukuhlelwa yamkelwa kuluntu ezininzi zophando, kubandakanya ukwabiwa uhlobo olwahlukileyo yexabiso yokusebenza ngemiyinge yempahla. Siza kufunda iimpawu zazo.

, Ingakumbi amanani

Amaxabiso Retail - neziphawuli isenza iindleko kwempahla zathengiswa kwishishini ngqo ngumsebenzisi ubuso ummi okanye enye intlangano. nokudaleka kuquka impembelelo eziliqela amacandelo aphambili ezoqoqosho. Phakathi kwabo - ixabiso lehoseyile (kwezinye iimeko ekuthengweni echaphazelekayo), irhafu ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlawulo (umz VAT), iindleko zabasebenzi. Formation yokusebenza ngemiyinge uxhomekeke ngqo kwi iikhrayitheriya inzuzo, umthwalo yamatyala, iimeko izivumelwano abatyali-mali.

Indlela, equka inkqubo ixabiso eqhelekileyo eRashiya kunye nokuhlelwa yazo ubonisa ukuba amaxabiso wokuthengisa ngokubanzi maxongo ngakumbi lokushiywa. Inyaniso ukuba sensitive ngakumbi kumgangatho ngokupheleleyo imfuno, nto leyo akusoloko zizinze (ingakumbi ngokunxulumene nezinto zodidi, ukuba isiXhosa - kuba ngemihla). Njengoko umthetho, ixabiso ethengisa ayikalungiswa kwisivumelwano (ezifana lokushiywa kwezinye iimeko). Ngaphezu koko, amanani zinokwahluka kakhulu kwiivenkile ezahlukeneyo. Yintoni na isizathu? Amaninzi, umahluko phakathi imiba ephambili ezikhethiweyo womzekelo yeshishini lethu - kwimida iindleko inkonzo mboleko, njalo-njalo ...

namaxabiso kunye nokuhlelwa yabo yamkela kumazwe amaninzi le nkqubo ziquka ulwabiwo udidi olwahlukileyo neziphawuli enxulumene urhwebo amazwe. Siza kufunda iinkcukacha zabo ezithile.

Okukodwa amaxabiso amazwe

Amaxabiso zorhwebo kwamanye amazwe ziimpawu iimveliso kunye neenkonzo ezinikwa yi zabucala kunye namashishini karhulumente-owned, okuye zokuhlala kwilizwe elinye okanye omnye, amazwe. Baya ingafakwa ngamandla nakumandla eemarike, kwaye ngenxa yoko zezivumelwano abucala, ezo ngokuqhelekileyo kuyo izakhiwo zikarhulumente.

Ukuhlelwa amaxabiso ihlabathi uhlobo oluthile lwemveliso, njengokuba umthetho, Kuyinto jikelele. Ngokomzekelo, ngokuphathelele izalathi ezifanelekileyo ioli, amazwe mihla-uku rhweba baye olu hlobo ndlela amafutha, apho iindleko isiseko iimpahla ziya kubalwa ngokusekelwe Brent.

Kukho eziliqela iindlela kwasekwa amanani ingqalelo iindleko impahla apho. Imiba efana ingqiqo kunye nokwahlulwa amaxabiso, siye uphando. Kuluncedo ukuba siqwalasele ngoku ke amaxabiso enokwenziwa ngaphakathi sikhokelo nayiphi na imithetho.

iindlela ezimbini eziphambili wesiseko ixabiso zingahlukaniswa: intra (xa amanani angqinelanayo ezenza lweshishini ukuvelisa iimpahla okanye ngokubonelela ngeenkonzo), kwakunye emarikeni, xa amanye amanani ebonisa iindleko iimpahla, obenza isiseko kwakunye nokufunwa icandelo elithile market free. Njengomgaqo, zombini iindlela zikhankanywe basetyenziswa ngaxeshanye. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.

intengiso Intracorporate

Ngoko ke amaxabiso ukuba lungakhuseleki, ingakumbi ulawulo lweshishini, yona impahla okanye onikezela iinkonzo. Ngokusekelwe into ephambili zomiso iziphawuli ezifanelekileyo? Zentengo Policy abenzi kwempahla kunye nabaniki nkonzo lusekelwe imibandela efana neenjongo zophuhliso yenkampani, umgangatho kwiindleko zemveliso, abanini ephambili zabatyali-mali, njalo njalo. D.

Kwezinye iimeko, siqinise uqhubeka amaxabiso aphantsi ngenjongo yokwenza imarike enkulu niche ngaphezu ukhuphiswano, kwaye kule meko sele idityaniswe indlela yesibini ukubunjwa izalathi si zokunikwa kwamaxabiso eemveliso - imarike. Siza kufunda iinkcukacha zayo ezithile.

intengiso Market

Amaxabiso Low, ngoko ukuba lungakhuseleki ngoku, ngenxa yeemeko injongo emarikeni. Ngaloo ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukuba ifuneka ayoneli (okanye wawa, ibe khetho, ngenxa yobunzima) okanye ukuphiswano kwicandelo mkhulu kangangokuba kufuneka ukunyamezela ngenxa ukuphululwa amaxabiso.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba amanani aya kusengaphambili kwishishini ilahleko zigqibo. Kulo mzekelo, inkampani usenokugqiba ukunciphisa iindleko (kokubini ngokulondoloza abo okanye ezinye izibonelelo, kunye nokuphucula iinkqubo zoshishino) okanye kakhulu ukunciphisa ubukho bayo emarikeni. Kwezinye iimeko, inqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu ukhuphiswano kwaye oko kukhokelela zenkampani ungonakala.

izinto Non-emarikeni wesiseko ixabiso

Qaphela ukuba kwezinye iimeko, amaxabiso (uhlelo ixabiso nayo isekelwe iikhrayitheriya ezifanelekileyo) lwenziwa phantsi kwempembelelo yeemeko non-emarikeni. Amaninzi ke amalungiselelo olawulo ukuba abandakanye urhulumente (okanye inhlangano yendawo - urhulumente wengingqi, umasipala). Ngomhla umzekelo imeko ekhoyo ehlabathini kufumaniseka ukuba aba lolu yempembelelo factor ngokwamaxabiso yezopolitiko: abo okanye ezinye ezikhombisa ixabiso lemveliso le isenokuba ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwe emarikeni, hayi ngenxa yokuba ubonelelo kunye nemfuno iindlela, nangenxa yokuba kube phakathi States okanye, phezu koko, omnye lizwe sengqondo azisondeze kwenye.

Ngoko ke, siye ayihlola yintoni ixabiso (isigama, imisebenzi, ngezigaba). Saqonda ukuba kukho inani elikhulu yophando iindlela inkcazo umongo walo. Kwakhona wathi ngokwemiqathango yolwahlulo ixabiso ezininzi ezithandwayo, kuxhaphakile bume Russian kunye neengcali ehlabathini. Sinokugqiba ukuba eli xabiso olubonisa iimpahla, nangona lula emananga ngesakhiwo - zeziganeko ezibalulekileyo ngokwemigaqo kuphuhliso nayiphi na inkqubo yoqoqosho - lweshishini ngamnye, ubambe okanye kwelizwe liphela. amaxabiso ngendlela eyiyo - factor ekugcinweni ngempumelelo kokhuphiswano iindlela zoqoqosho wambu oosomashishini kunye namandla karhulumente.