Isinqandi okanye umahluko nokubanda. Isinqandi, isinqandi - iimpawu uphawu isicelo

Inkoliso abaqhubi beemoto musa ukuthandabuza ukuba bazalise nayiphi njengesipholisi owuthandayo kwi radiator. Noko ke, abanye babo wazibuza ukuba isinqandi kunye nokubanda. Kodwa wanomdla nangakumbi kweli qela kubanini imoto umbuzo yintoni umahluko kukho phakathi njengesipholisi kunye zinendlela yintoni umahluko ukusuka nokubanda? Oko khetha ku Russia? Kwilizwe lethu, ingakumbi ezithandwayo phakathi abaqhubi coolants kusetyenziswa isinqandi okanye nokubanda. Umahluko phakathi ulwelo ubethwa pholisa yokugqibela kunye nenkqubo motor ngokubanzi. Kodwa imisebenzi ephambili yezi mveliso anexabiso efanayo.

Apholisayo zinendlela ulwelo

Isinqandi na ummeli lokuqala nokubanda. Okt isinqandi - ulwelo osetyenziswa injini Ukupholisa ehlotyeni, nto leyo esithintelayo kuyo nobushushu. Ebusika, ngenxa ongeziweyo, akunamsebenzi ngumkhenkce, esivumela injini ukuze isebenze kwiqondo lobushushu amisiweyo. Le yokuqamba ngokubanzi yenziwe ethylene ethers, kwinkqubo yokuseka leyo yongeza iqela kwezithako. Kwangaxeshanye, ngokuxhomekeke umenzi, iphakheji additive yahluke kakhulu. kwezithako isinqandi eyenzelwe ukukhusela injini nxamnye ngokudleka kwakhona inkqubo ngokuhlanjululwa zizinto amazwe. Isinqandi, iimpawu oko kwazekayo abaqhubi ezininzi, yenzelwa ixesha elide, kweli lizwe lethu. Of oko luqulathe ntoni? Ubume nokubanda kunye zinendlela kungaquka izinto ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, zinendlela siqulathe inani asidi ezingaphiliyo. Oku nitrate, silicates, nitrites, phosphate kunye amine. Umzekelo, ukuba kukho zokuphawula zinendlela yokubhala, oko kuthetha ukuba yenzelwe ukuba iimoto. Amanani ezikhoyo zibonisa iqondo lobushushu apho isinqandi uqalisa ngumkhenkce. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuba loxinano fluid kufuneka 1,08 ukuya 1 cc.

Terms of replacement

Le Mboniselo kakhulu ezifanelekileyo abaqhubi abo basandula kuqalisa. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba malunga 30-40 ophosa isinqandi uqalisa ukuphulukana iimpahla zazo, replacement ulwelo ngoko efunekayo kanye okanye kabini ngonyaka. Ukongeza ukusebenza replacement ulwelo kuchaphazela umbala wayo. Umzekelo, imbonakalo ngokubomvu uthetha imfuneko lokutshintshwa engxamisekileyo. Njengoko sinokungqinelwa yimbonakalo amavumba amazwe kunye letela itanki ukwanda. ulwelo oqhelekileyo kufuneka ngaphandle ivumba elitsarhayo, kwaye uzive zinendlela ngamaxesha imtyibilizi noneoli. Xa kutshintshwa ngayo, phambi kokuba ngokugalela ulwelo elitsha kufuneka etankeni ngenkqubo injini olupholisa usebenzisa special funds. Emva wokuhlamba izitya lwenziwa ngamanzi. Kunqweneleka ukuba avelise izihlandlo ezigungxulwayo eziliqela, yaye kuphela emva koko ukuba ugalele isinqandi entsha.

Ukukhetha

Ulwelo (isinqandi) akayi malini ngexabiso kakhulu, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba xa uthenga kwi ndawo yokuqala ukukhangela kuba ixabiso bhokisi seelitha-5. Ukongeza, imveliso eliphantsi-umgangatho nga kuthengiswa iinkonkxa ngaphandle mshini. Ukuze bazikhusele ngomgunyathi, kufuneka ukuba isekelwe izinto ezininzi:

• Isinqandi wathenga ngqo ngenxa lophawu ethile, ekubeni ngenxa ulwelo engalunganga ukuba kuncitshiswa ubomi injini.
• Thenga ulwelo ziyafuneka kwiivenkile ezinkulu ezikhethekileyo.
• Kwi umenzi nokupakishwa iya kuquka iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano.
• Ukuba ukhangela le isinqandi usebenzisa litmus, ngoko amaphepha (ukuba yimveliso esemgangathweni) kufuneka ibe ithinti oluhlaza kancinane.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba zinendlela rhoqo idityaniswe namanzi Yek, kunyaka kuyimfuneko ukwenza ulwelo replacement kwinkqubo sokupholisa.

Yintoni zinendlela?

Oku njengesipholisi kunye iseti iipropati ezahlukeneyo. Ngu nokubanda ukubunjwa lukwaquka ethylene ethers, kunjalo, kunye kweziyobisi ngentsimbi engamanzi ukongeza iikhemikhali kabi olongezelelweyo. Le mveliso ngenxa ufumana igama layo. Le mveliso asemzini, negama othile owahlukileyo "anti-ngumkhenkce".

Iimpawu iziselo amazwe

Ezi mpawu uphawu le isinqandi na indawo abilayo ephakamileyo kunye nokugcina lobushushu eliphantsi. Isinqandi amathumba kubushushu nama-180 degrees. ukumelana kuza kumiselwa bubukho ongeziweyo, ngenxa yokuba ingengabo bonke mimandla kufuneka incindi ukuba pholisa injini kakuhle kwi ubushushu, kwaye ukuzuza ngokukhawuleza lobushushu yokusebenza eNgqeleni. On iqina zinendlela avareji kwiqondo lobushushu ngezantsi degrees -45. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ebudeni isinqandi yingqele nga ukwandisa kuphela kuma-1.5%, nto leyo yoko eyamkelekileyo kakhulu. Xa ujonge isakhiwo ukusuka kwindawo chemical lwembono, yinto engamanzi isinqandi ngokusekelwe Yek amanzi kunye ethylene ethers, apho kamva akwenza alkoholi kunye glycerol. Indlela yokwahlukanisa ukusuka emelana nokubanda? Kuyenzeka ngoku ukuthenga imibala eyahlukileyo nokubanda. Isinqandi kuthengiswa kuphela oluhlaza.

Ukuthengwa emelana

Okwangoku, imakethi izele ezahlukeneyo neencindi iindidi nokubanda. Unakho ukuthenga nayiphi na. Noko ke, xa uthenga isinqandi kufuneka sithembele kulawulo ibalulekileyo: Akufanele kuthenga isinqandi omnye ukumakisha kuphela, nekucetyiswa ngumvelisi imoto. Kungenjalo, ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kusenokuba engxakini kunye imoto de injini nobushushu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngoku abanye abenzi baqalisa izakusetyenziswa endaweni ethylene ethers, methanol, elonakalisileyo i aluminium. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba athenge iimpahla kumaziko ezizodwa, becela ukuba umntu xa ukuthenga isiqinisekiso.

zinendlela Ukutshintshwa

Abavelisi ezivunyiweyo isinqandi ezinokuthi esebenza isithuthi ephunyezwayo 100 amawaka eekhilomitha. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela into yokuba kwilizwe lethu kwinjini kuchaphazela ngqo iimeko zemozulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto ekutshintshweni nokubanda kungcono kwenziwa emva amawaka 40 km. Iingcali ezininzi bacenga abanini imoto endaweni kulwelo ngokusebenzisa ukusebenza kunyaka ngamnye, kwanokuba esebenzisekayo ngexesha elifanayo engephi.

iimpawu zinendlela

Xa usebenza isithuthi kwaye asetyenziswe injini ye isinqandi kuyimfuneko ukwazi iimpawu zayo kakuhle. Data oluyimfuneko ulwazi kwindawo yokuqala ukwenzela ukuba azalise kanye zinendlela efanayo njengoko kuyimfuneko. Umenzi ayikhuthazwa ukuvelisa isinqandi Umxube imibala eyahlukileyo, njengoko oku kuchaphazela yesakhiwo kukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni amanye amacandelo injini. Ukubunjwa nokubanda kunye zinendlela ayikho kuphela kudla. waziwa bakhe dayi esetyenzisiweyo. Ekugqibeleni, emva kokuqwalasela zombini ezilulwelo, abaqhubi beemoto abaninzi ngoku azibuze ukuba "yintoni ukukhetha: isinqandi okanye nokubanda." Umahluko phakathi ulwelo ziya kuqwalaselwa ngakumbi.

umahluko

Ekuqaleni, kuba iimveliso twatse ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa umahluko nokubanda njengesipholisi kanye ezisetyenziswayo xa kwenziwa imveliso kwezithako. Ukongeza, iimpawu kule okanye engamanzi ulaziyo umbala we-sithuthi. Umgangatho wobomi kuxhomekeke kumacandelwana esetyenzisiweyo. Umzekelo, kwi isinqandi kunye njengesipholisi nezongezelelo zibandakanyiwe. Owona mahluko - ulwelo isetyenziselwa zasekhaya ezingaphiliyo kunye isinqandi - izinto eziphilayo. Kungenxa yale lobushushu ukubila ulwelo ezahlukeneyo kancinane omnye komnye. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iimpawu eziphambili injini xa usebenzisa isinqandi okanye nokubanda. Ukuba inkqubo okupholisa uzaliswe isinqandi-anti-umhlwa uqweqwe senziwa kwinkqubo yonke. Isiphumo i transfer ubushushu visually intsimbi. Isiphumo engundoqo ukusetyenziswa zinendlela ihlwempu ekugqibeleni kuba ukungaphumeleli injini. Xa inkqubo zokuxhaphaza kukho amafutha kwalo. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, zinendlela ngokukhawuleza ulahlekelwa iimpawu zayo esisiseko kwakunye sesichengeni elide kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwenzeka ukonakala iyonke kudla kuqamba. Ukuba ubushushu injini rhoqo zigcinwe kuluhlu degrees 105 okanye ngaphezulu, lo isinqandi iyunithi intshabalalo usebenzisa kwenzeka kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba sithetha anti-ngumkhenkce, le nto ilulwelo ixesha elide ngakumbi. Kulo mzekelo, anti-umhlwa layer luqokelelane kuphela kwiindawo ezininzi yingxaki kwinkqubo sokupholisa, nto leyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuya kwandisa ubomi yeyunithi yamandla. Ngexesha ukutshintshwa nokubanda inika iimveliso kwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yoko, umnini imoto ekhetha, wagalela - isinqandi okanye nokubanda. Umahluko kunqabile ukuba kuphela izongezo kodwa ixabiso.

isiphelo

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kumazwe amaninzi aphuhlileyo sele bawushiya ukusetyenziswa nokubanda. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu yokuba ubugcisa bemveliso iphelelwe yaye emva amaxesha. Ngenxa yoko, zinendlela wavelisa ngoku uba angabi ekukhuseleni injini evela nobushushu, umhlwa, kunye nezinye iimeko. Ekwenziweni nokubanda kusetyenziswa ubugcisa ngakumbi mihla, nto leyo ngenkuthalo sikhusela injini evela umhlwa. Isinqandi, xa kuthelekiswa ne-nokubanda, into eninzi kakhulu ngakumbi, kodwa ngenxa yabaninzi ngexabiso - yayibaluleke. Nangona kunjalo, ulondolozo kwi kulwelo okupholisa lungadlala a joke okhohlakeleyo kunye umqhubi.

Xa uthenga akukho mfuneko ingqalelo umbala nokubanda okanye nokubanda. Umahluko phakathi ulwelo na iimpawu zabo zobugcisa. Ndingayilindela kowuphi, ngokuzenzekelayo, ngoku eyaziwa abaqhubi abaninzi. Ngenxa kweli nqaku, zonke umnini imoto, kancinane eyayiwazi iimoto, uya kuba nako ukuqonda ukwahlula njani isinqandi evela nokubanda.