Types of nokubanda. Ekwakhiweni, iimpawu, injongo

Isinqandi (ukusuka IsiNgesi "ngumkhenkce") - igama elihlanganisayo ulwelo ezizodwa uzipholisa eshushu xa iiyunithi - iinjini zangaphakathi yokutsha, ufakelo mveliso, iimpompo, njalo-njalo, xa asebenza ngaphantsi zero ... Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo anti-ngumkhenkce, kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo. Into yezi ezilulwelo kukho qhwa ephantsi nendawo eliphezulu abilayo. Kwinjini elishishina ngezithuthi kwaye kusetyenziswa izinto ezinjalo. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba isinqandi ayikho obungunaphakade. Kufuneka ube nexesha ukutshintsha, ingakumbi kumaxesha off-lonyaka. Ngelishwa, abanini imoto ngoyaba le nkqubo, thela oko kuza lokuposa. Okwangoku, le isihloko ebanzi kakhulu, nto leyo kuyimfuneko ukuqonda nokwazi ukuba nemiba yeengcingane ukukhethwa njengesipholisi. Phambi kokuba wazi ukuba yintoni na lucalulo nokubanda Kufuneka ukuhlola ukuba yintoni na nokuba yintoni na inkqubo sokupholisa.

Isixokelelwano sokupholisa le itheyibhile ephindaphindayo

Njengoko kucacile kwisihloko, ngenxa yeenkqubo ezenzeka ngaphakathi injini, ukufudumeza yayo kwenzeka. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ukuphola. It ikhutshwa phandle umntu esasaza ulwelo okupholisa. Eqhubekela ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezizodwa. Ngoko ke, yintoni na isinqandi yaye isebenza njani?

Ulwelo edlula ngamajelo, itshiswa kwaye ngoko wangena ezibandayo, leyo lupholisiwe. Emva kwalo mjikelo iphindiwe. Isinqandi ujikeleza njalo phantsi koxinzelelo, nto leyo inika impompo okhethekileyo.

injongo njengesipholisi

Ukususa ubushushu ukusuka injini, ulwelo okhethekileyo. Ukongeza, ukuba lungapholi, oko equalizes lobushushu iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo ze-injini. Channels apho ujikeleza njengesipholisi, ekugqibeleni sibe manzi kunye irusi kunye needipozithi. Kwiindawo ezinjalo, i-injini ziya kuqhuba shushu ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, xa okupholisa inkqubo breakdowns akholisa ukubakho intloko cylinder warping.

Injongo yesibini bazipheka na zokufudumeza embindini kunye kwiqhina umcephe wokunyusa. Ngenxa yoko, mazifakwe kwi-oveni nebandla okupholisa yinxalenye. Ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwalo zinendlela odumileyo kwisixokelelwano sokupholisa ezaliswe ngamanzi zesiqhelo. Kodwa yaba iziphene ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, ulwelo ngumkhenkce ku 0 izidanga kwaye esandisa, nihlinza itankana yentsimbi block. Ngoko ke, eSoviet Union babeyifuna rhoqo ngokuhlwa kwixesha abandayo ukuba nemali yokuhlawula amanzi kwisixokelelwano sokupholisa. Okwesibini, ulwelo amathumba ngama-100. Nangona iinjini azinikezelwanga lashushu lobushushu phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Kodwa le mbiza Ayeye ezintabeni. A Ububi sesithathu yamanzi - ukukhuthaza umhlwa. imijelo okupholisa kunye imibhobho ngaphakathi injini ngokusebenzayo lusika yayisiba conductivity yazo thermal.

Ukubunjwa emelana

Ngoko ke, yintoni na nokubanda? Simplistically, kuba iqulathe inamacandelo amabini:

• Imithetho.
• kwezithako Complex.

Isiseko - is sisincoko yamanzi-ethers (akunamsebenzi ntoni ezi ndidi anti-ngumkhenkce). Oku kuxhomekeke kubuchule kwaye akukho ngumkhenkce kwi flowability kubushushu obuphantsi, amandla ethile ubushushu. Ilungu kakhulu amaninzi nayiphi njengesipholisi na ethylene ethers. Noko ke, umxube yayo ngamanzi kwakhona ikhuthaza umhlwa of okupholisa izinto nkqubo. Kodwa njani ukuba kule meko? Kuba le ndawo iziseko kwezithako longeziwe. It is a antifoam entsonkothileyo, anticorrosive kwaye uzinze, amacandelo. Ukongeza, i-isinqandi isoloko wongezelela flavoring flavoring kunye arhente umbala.

Iintlobo iimveliso kunye neempawu zazo

coolants Modern zahlulwe iintlobo ezimbini - silicate kunye carboxylate. Wonke umntu uyazi isinqandi kongoma leswaku uhlobo lokuqala njengoko ezingabizi kakhulu, kunye jikelele. Silicates ezi additive ezingaphiliyo ezisisiseko kwi njengesipholisi. Ngaphantsi yezi zinto kukuba ezifakwe kwi iindonga block cylinder kwi imiphantsi kwaye uthintele transfer ubushushu yesiqhelo. Isiphumo - a rhoqo motor nobushushu. Kukho nenye ethile kakhulu - zinendlela ezingaphiliyo kufuneka itshintshwe ubuncinane 30 ophosa. Ngaphandle koko, iya kuba imiqondiso ecacileyo nokumelana lamajelo okupholisa, nto leyo eya kuba nzima ukumelana. zinendlela Organic iqanjwa organic acid kuphela. Le peculiarity yezi ongeziweyo kukuba kusetwa kuphela kwiindawo a umhlwa kubonakaliswa. Ngenxa conductivity wobushushu ndlela okupholisa cishe akuthethi ukuba zimbi. Enye inzuzo organic isinqandi - umsebenzi lwexesha elide. Le mveliso ingasetyenziswa ukuya ayi 150,000 okanye ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka emihlanu.

ngezigaba emelana

Okwangoku, zinendlela imihlobo kuphela mathathu: G11, g12 kunye g13 (ngokuba lucalulo General Motors USA) - ngokungqinelana umxholo kwezithako. Class G11 - ukuqala, kunye ongeziweyo esisiseko ezingaphiliyo kunye neempawu nokugcinwa ephantsi. Ezi ulwelo ifanele iimoto abakhweli kunye nezigadla.

Isinqandi eli qela rhoqo ithinti oluhlaza okanye oluhlaza. Kuyinto kule klasi ziquka yande nokubanda lethu lizwe. Class g12 - uhlobo olungundoqo lwe nokubanda. Isakhiwo ziquka ongeziweyo engumgquba (carboxylate kunye ethylene ethers). zinendlela enjalo eyenzelwe ikakhulu iilori enzima-high speed iinjini mihla. Luhle umsebenzi enzima efuna lungapholi eliphezulu.

It has umbala obomvu okanye pink. Class g13 ukwenza nokubanda, leyo lisebenza njengesiseko propylene ethers. producer zinendlela Loo olunombala okanye naorenji. osemqoka kwayo kukuba wadibana ne-bume engaphandle ibolile ngokukhawuleza zibe kumacandelo, ngokungafaniyo ethylene ethers. Ngenxa yoko, imveliso yeqela 13 ngakumbi imvelo.

Khetha uhlobo emelana

Isinqandi, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, ukuba ukunyuka esemgangathweni eklasini. Ngoko ke musa sinayo kuyo, ngaphezulu - engcono. Ukongeza kwiiklasi, kukho omnye ukubekwa nokubanda. Kuyinto ukulungele ukusebenzisa ulwelo kunye ligxile. Owokuqala ke kucetyiswa ukuba abaqhubi abo basandula kuqalisa, nezixhotyana kukwazi kunjani ligxile. Kufuneka exutywe namanzi Yek ngokomlinganiselo oyifunayo.

Thabatha ezikhethiweyo zempahla uhlobo le emelana

Ngenxa yokuba kulwelo okupholisa - a kuyimfuneko element eziphelayo nayiphi na injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi, ngoko le mveliso ezahlukeneyo olukhulu abenzi. Phakathi ixhaphakileyo sinako ukubalula iinkampani ezimbalwa. Kwilizwe lethu ngayo: "UFeliks", "Alaska", "Sintek". Ezi mveliso ke umlinganiselo kakhulu elungeleleneyo "ixabiso-esemgangathweni." Isinqandi "UFeliks" ujonge iklasi g12, leyo ayanda kakhulu nokusebenza kwabo. ukuba imveliso "Alaska" ezinxulumene zinendlela (G11 eklasini ongeziweyo ezingaphiliyo).

Kuxhomekeka lwalo, "Alaska" unako ukusebenza ngendlela ebanzi Uluhlu ubushushu: degrees -65 50 (arctic kunye nokwakheka yimvula). Kakade ke, udidi G11 umisela imiqathango ethile ayasiqinisekisa kulwelo kunye neempawu zayo. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso wentando kakhulu into ebalulekileyo. iimveliso Inkampani "Sintek" enziwa ikakhulu eklasini g12. ogqibeleleyo zinendlela kubo bonke mihla iinjini. Kwezithako kulo le mveliso - elilodwa lomenzi, ezizizo, kuthintela iidiphozithi umhlwa phezu iindawo ezingaphakathi kwinkqubo olupholisa.

Ukuxuba brand ezahlukene

A amagama ambalwa kufuneka athi malunga ngokuxuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo njengesipholisi. Kukho iintlobo-ntlobo nokubanda kanye ukuhambelana abo, ngelishwa, idla ukuya kwiqanda. Ngenxa yoko, bongquzulwano phakathi ongeziweyo ezahlukeneyo kuvela.

Isiphumo yahluke kakhulu, nokuba umonakalo yerabha mibhobho kwenkqubo sokupholisa kunye odla lamajelo kwibhloko injini. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba inkqubo eyenzelwe ukuba basebenze nokubanda, Akuvunyelwe ngokungqongqo ukuba ugalele amanzi. Ekubeni has obunamandla ubushushu, ukutshintsha iimpawu wobushushu kwinkqubo olupholisa. Kwakhona, iindidi ezahlukeneyo njengesipholisi ngenxa ubume kunye ubukho kwezithako alo iipropati yokuqaba, kunye namanzi esebenzisa, ubukhulu becala, impompo yamanzi ziya kugxagxiseka. Okona kubi, ukuba emva kokuba amanzi kwakhona ukuzalisa nokubanda. Yena esinxibelelana ityuwa, nto leyo uyazimela emanzini liqalisa elephuza amagwebu. Emva koko ke uya kunyanzeleka ngokusebenzisa izikhewu ezincinane kunye evuzayo. Oku kunjalo na njengesipholisi (akunamsebenzi ukuba uhlobo zinendlela mixed).

Isinqandi nje isalathisi karhulumente zobugcisa imoto

Imeko njengesipholisi kwi injini anganalo kuba sisalathisi nokuzilungisa oomatshini ngokuyinxenye, ukuba kungqine bani ngaye imeko yakhe. Ukuba imveliso umdaka kwaye namafu, kunye nentwana yodaka ezantsi netanki nokulatyuza, isithuthi kungekuphela mileage phezulu, kodwa iimpawu ukunakekela.

nomnikazi kwaye ingqalelo akayi kulibazisa indawo ye njengesipholisi ukuya wokugqibela.

Iimpawu yokusebenza kwezithuthi emelana kwinkqubo sokupholisa

Ukuthintela uthintelo umonakalo ifuna injini rhoqo. Ukusebenza, zinendlela, ekwenzeni umsebenzi wayo ophambili, ukudluliselwa ubushushu ukusuka injini ukuya kwiradiyetha, iwohloke kwexesha. Enoba yintoni uhlobo kusetyenziswa. Kunye nokubanda kwakhona ukutshintsha kwexesha. Ukongezelela esweni imeko ulwelo ngokwayo, musa ukuyilibala kwinkqubo ngokwayo. Kufuneka utywinwe ngokupheleleyo. Kufuneka ukuba ungasondeli okanye umoya zeemoto. Inkangeleko kwenkqubo enjalo sokupholisa kuquka ukwehla iipropati transfer ubushushu. Lo matshini ke ngenxa shushu ngokugqithisileyo ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo intloko njengesilinda. Motor zingaphaya yokulungisa.

Ngoko ke, asifumananga iintlobo nokubanda kanye ukuhambelana abo kunye nabanye.