Isifo sephepha iso: ezibangela kunokwenzeka, iimpawu, uthintelo kunye nonyango

Nangona inkqubela zezonyango namhlanje, isifo sephepha ubanga ngonyaka ubomi babantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-3 kwi-langa. Esi sifo kuchaphazela imiphunga yabantu kuphela, kodwa uninzi lwezinye amalungu kunye neenkqubo zayo. Isifo sephepha le iliso ibhekisela kwizifo ezosulelayo ukuba kunzima ukubona nokuphilisa ngokupheleleyo. Ingakumbi eyingozi uphuhliso kwesi sifo ebantwaneni, njengoko kungekho yonyango ngokwaneleyo ngexesha kunokukhokelela meningitis, nokudumba kunye nezinye iingxaki ezinzulu.

Izinto ezibangela izifo

Ukuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela isebenza ngesiqhelo, bangene umzimba mycobacteria ayithethi ukuba oonobangela sephepha. Ngoncedo imikhosi yokhuselo amagciwane ezingaqhelekanga nga koyiswa iiseli ezikhethekileyo ezithintela ukosuleleka yintsholongwane. Kodwa inkqubo babuthathaka omzimba, kukho inani elikhulu iintsholongwane yayintsholongwane eyosulela kunye nobukho izinto ezichasene ngqo amathuba okuba ukuba isifo sephepha amehlo basengaba phezulu kakhulu.

Ezibe negalelo kuphuhliso sifo:

• nezingafezekanga kunye novithamini ngxaki;
• izindlu abahluphekayo kunye neemeko zokusebenza;
• ukungabikho phambi kwabantu kwi umoya ilanga;
• ngeziqu yezengqondo ngokweemvakalelo stress;
• ukungalali kunye ukuphumla;
• imikhuba emibi;
• phambi kumzimba bezifo komtshiso nakujoliso olutsha;
• isifo kakhulu kwamajoni omzimba.

ngezigaba

isifo yeso sephepha ibe ezahlukahlukeneyo ubucaka kuxhomekeka kuhlobo kwesi sifo. Kuya kuxhomekeka iinketho zonyango kunye ALS kwesi sifo. Kukho ezahlukeneyo 4 sifo:

• tuberculosis isifo;
• ukungaqheleki kwemisipha iliso, amashiya, izixhobo lacrimal, conjunctiva okanye amehlo;
• utshintsho yezifo zamabanga emehlweni tuberculosis luvo central okanye umphunga;
• izilonda ezosulelayo kunye nee ye izixhobo iliso.

Kule meko ezimbini zokuqala sithetha usulelo zaseprayimari mycobacteria kunye ukwanda kwabo ngqo ancedisana iso. Ezi ntlobo ze ezingaqhelekanga azixhaphakanga ngaphezu uhlobo sifo ezinxulumene nokwaliwa okanye kugxila kwinjongo ephambili yeZiko isifo sephepha nezinye izigqeba. Kule meko, iimpawu ocular ngamanye amaxesha ngoyaba ngenxa iimpawu eziphambili kubi. Kodwa abe nethala ilahleko yombono kwixesha elizayo, ngoko kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba uze uqale unyango.

Iimpawu zamabanga nesifo samehlo adnexa

Ezinye izifo ngenxa yokungabikho iimpawu ezithile kunzima ukuqonda kwibakala lokuqala. Enye yezi zifo - amehlo sephepha, iimpawu zazo ezifana izifo ezininzi ocular. Nokuba bohluka ngokuxhomekeke kwasendaweni usulelo.

Xa usuleleko zaseprayimari sephepha kunye nophuhliso yayo ngenxa amalungu yesigulana yokuqala waphawula iimpawu ze conjunctivitis yesiqhelo: bomvu, imithambo yegazi, udumba iinkophe, amehlo alilayo. Kodwa ke amatywina nkovu olunye kwakheka ngaphakathi iliso, apho ukwanda ubukhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye ngaphandle unyango inokukhokelela ithumba.

Isifo sephepha adnexa iso (ezifana iinkophe okanye zizelwe) kunqabile. Ngaloo ndlela ulusu kunye inwebu yangaphakathi zenzeka bazitshisekisayo amaqhuma, leyo necrose izicwili kunye ithumba kunye nexesha. Oku kunokukhokelela inversion le iinkophe ephezulu nesezantsi, kwaye kananjalo abangele loloyiko yokutshintsha yesikhumba.

Isifo sephepha iso: iimpawu, iimpawu zokuqala zohlobo ezikumila kunje wezifo kunye sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi secondary

Xa iimpawu kunye nee sephepha kakhulu ngayo, yaye ixesha elincinane okanye akukho okuthatha. Inkqubo sifo sidla ibandakanya amehlo omabini, nangona iimpawu ukuze ucaca ngakumbi naliphi na icala elinye. Ubude bexesha nokoyika ukusuka kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-2. Kuba le fomu kwesi sifo iphawulwa ezinjalo iimpawu nesifo kwamehlo:

• amehlo alilayo;
• mucositis;
• ukurhawuzelelwa umlilo;
• photophobia;
• bomzimba.

Ukuba iimpawu ezingentle emehlweni ebangelwa ubuchopho samabanga okanye spinal intambo isifo sephepha, bakholisa ukuba kwisi iimpawu luvo jikelele. Ezi zigulane amaninzi kuchaphazela inxenye esingasemva choroid, apho kukho iindima ukudumba (granulomas) kunye izihlunu lymphoid. Ngokwezonyango athe wabonakala kunciphisa acuity ezibonwayo kunye clouding lokubona. Isifo ukuphuhlisa kakuhle okanye inkqubela ngokuthe ngcembe.

Indlela yokubona izifo?

Uxilongo lwe iliso tuberculosis nzima kukungabikho iimpawu ezithile, kuba iimpawu zayo ziyafana nezinye izifo iliso. Ukungakwazi ukuba athathe isampuli yethishyu uhlalutyo ubukho mycobacteria kwakhona kwenza uxilongo. Ukuba kukho izikhalazo, ebonisa ithuba lwesifo sephepha nomonde yi gqirha, kungakuhle ukuba bapase uthotho iimviwo:

• definition kwamabala ezibonwayo nezibonwayo;
• yomlinganiselo xi intraocular;
• Ukuhlolisisa le fundus ;
• amehlo US ;
• angiography semehlo;
• tuberculin isampula;
• unyango sokuxilonga anti-TB.

Ukongeza, isigulane kufuneka ukuba benze-X-reyi ze lweHo- esifubeni kwaye yokuthwebula ye-mediastinum, ngenxa yokuba kukho kwiliso ezikumila kunje sephepha zidla kunokutshiseka izilonda. Ukuze siqonde imeko xa iyonke emzimbeni njengoko igazi nomchamo iimvavanyo zonyango linokukwenziwa.

Iindlela zosulelo

Isifo sephepha le kwamehlo kwenzeka ngenxa ukosuleleka ngegazi okanye qhagamshelana ngqo ne-arhente ukusuka kokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle. Hematogenous transmission lendlela kunokwenzeka phambi kwi kumzimba Ingqwalasela ephambili kule sifo. Iinketho sokubanjwa mycobacteria ukusuka bume umntu okunempilo oku kulandelayo:

• indlela indize (ukuthetha, ukukhohlela okanye ukuhlala ixesha elide kweli gumbi elifanayo njengoko isiguli);
• contact-kwabendlu indlela eya (ukusetyenziswa izinto zekhaya angcolile);
• gciwane-ngomlomo indlela (iintsholongwane zadibana ukutya okanye amanzi).

Mycobacteria ungagcina iminyaka umsebenzi yayintsholongwane eyosulela kwimimandla ezimnyama kweloo, ngoko inhalation zezulu ebantwini abanamajoni omzimba buthathaka umngcipheko wosulelo. Ngamanye amaxesha sifo sisasazwa nge igazi yonakele isidima ulusu okanye nkqo (ngunina ukuya emntwaneni). Kodwa ke uninzi ugqithiso lu dityanisiwe ubukho mycobacteria emoyeni.

Iimpawu zesi sifo ebuntwaneni

Ekubeni inkqubo yomntwana yokuzikhusela ayisebenzi bamatasa umntu omdala, naziphi kwezifo yingozi enkulu kuye. Isifo sephepha le iliso ebantwaneni kangangokuba komzimba ngokwendalo, okanye ubungqina zasesekondari inkqubo esebenzayo miphungeni. Ngokwayo, ukubonakala ephambili yale usulelo lwenzeka kuphela amalungu kubo kakhulu ezinqabileyo.

Ngenxa olungaka ukuba gabalala zenkqubo pathologic, unyango lwesifo sephepha kufuneka zisoloko ziquka unyango izigulane de bachache ngokupheleleyo. Ngelo xesha abe nesakhono ukuntshula izicwili ezonakeleyo abantwana iphezulu, ngoko ke umntwana kusoloko kukho amathuba unyango ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokuwela phambili kunye iingxaki.

unyango ngotyando

unyango olusebenzayo kufuneka ibandakanye imichiza antibacterial yeyenyathelo elifanayo, nokuba luhlobo extra-pulmonary zesi sifo, nto leyo echaphazela eminye omzimba omnye. Umzekelo, isifo sephepha iliso, nto leyo isikakhulu iimpawu bebekelwa kule ndawo kufanele baphathwe ngoncedo kwisekethe esidibeneyo.

Xa leengxaki zoqhaqho kwezinye iimeko mhlawumbi uqhaqho olungxamisekileyo ukwenzela ukugcina umbono lomntu. Kulo mzekelo, oko kufuneka kwenziwe ngaxeshanye kunye kunyango isibulala-zintsholongwane. Ke, ukuba akukho mfuneko engxamisekileyo ukuze siphephe iingxaki, kungcono ukuba awuthwale emva kokugqitywa epheleleyo ikhosi ye unyango ngamayeza nokunyanga.

Isifo sephepha iso: unyango ngaphandle utyando

unyango oluphangaleleyo sifo kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa-ntsholongwane, chemotherapy, kunye modulators omzimba. Ukongeza, i-arhente ngenxa yoncedo kwangumqondiso isigulane kuxhomekeka umfanekiso lwezonyango elimisiweyo. Onke amachiza anti-TB ebukhulwini elo lungohlulwa lube iiklasi 3:

• arhente esinamandla ( "INH" "rifampicin");
• amachiza avareji amandla ( "kanamycin" "streptomycin" "Prothionamide");
• Imithi kunye ngokulinganisela ukususela enyangayo ( "p-aminosalicylic acid," "Thioacetazone").

indlela yazo yolawulo idosi kufuneka ukhethe phthisiatrician, banikwe iimpawu zenkqubo pathologic kwimeko nganye. Xa hemorrhages kakhulu kwiretina phambi ukusebenzisa ezi machiza eziyimfuneko kuthomalaliso leyo normalizes olujikeleza amehlo. Phambi ukuzinzisa isigulane kuye eboniswe unyango izigulane.

ukuvimbela

Nqanda isifo iliso kulula kakhulu kunokuba okunyangayo ngayo. Ukuvimbela ezithile zikhona BCG, ekhusela umzimba womntu kuzo zonke iintlobo ngesi sifo. Kucetyiswa ukuba kungafundiswa abantwana emva kokuzalwa ukwenzela ukudala nezifo esebenzayo.

Ukuvimbela nonspecific sephepha kubalulekile ukuba uyigcine le mithetho ilandelayo:

• siphile ubomi obusempilweni;
• kusengqiqweni ukuba adle;
• rhoqo ukwenza ukucoca emanzi indlu and nokusula ngenyameko eluthulini;
• baphathe imali eyaneleyo ixesha phandle;
• imithambo okanye nawuphi na umdlalo elula zokuphucula impilo;
• abanye eqhelekileyo, ndalala ubuthongo;
• kanye ngonyaka baye esifubeni x-reyi (ukuqalela kwi-15 ubudala).

Xa naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga kufuneka ngaphandle kokulibazisa ukuba udibane nogqirha, njengoko kunjalo kwimeko nesifo bunokukunceda ukugcina impilo, umbono kwesiqhelo ubomi obanelisayo.