Intanda-Ukukhanya I French

Ngenkulungwane ye-18, France yaba ixesha lophuhliso olusebenzayo yongxowankulu. Ngeli xesha ilizwe belungiselela utshintsho olunzulu kunye nohlengahlengiso - yaphelela ezaziwayo-kakuhle revolution yongxowankulu. Kuyinto kwi-engile kunye yaqulunqa intanda-French yiEnlightenment.

Zizinto ezifana ngaphakathi lizwe, njengesizwe, kufuneka sibe ingcaciso ethile kweziganeko, systematization kolwazi. ixesha Renaissance eFransi iphawulwa sengqondo esibi kakhulu Wamakhosi amalungiselelo, ukuba amalungelo abameli imvelaphi amanene. zobulumko French ye yiEnlightenment wamgxeka inkolo neBandla waqonda nje liqumrhu impembelelo lwentlalo kunye indlela ukulawula abantu.

Kwelinye icala, iingqondo inkulu xesha babekholelwa ukuba yingcambu yazo zonke iintlobo zobubi ngokungazi abemi abaqhelekileyo, njengoko iintsilelo yokudodobala kwengqondo buphazamisana imbono eqhelekileyo ezikhona, ukuqonda amalungelo abo abe ngumntu. Ifilosofi kwezentlalo isiFrentshi yiEnlightenment yayisekelwe kwingcamango yemfundo. Bekucingelwa ukuba ukuyilwa kweemfuno kunye wabanumzana, intsapho yasebukhosini - ke kudingeka ukuba achaze zonke iinkcukacha karhulumente.

Kwintanda-bulumko isiFrentshi yiEnlightenment nengqwalasela yayo engundoqo. Kweli thuba lophuhliso kuye ngokucacileyo kwasekwa iingongoma ezintathu ezingundoqo zomboniso, iyileyo ukuba abalandeli bayo nabalandeli:

• Deism - le ndawo bazitshitshisela ingcamango yokuba uThixo sobuqu kwaye kungenzeka ukuba uThixo lube nasonasiphi na isiphumo ngosuku lwekhosi lweziganeko;
• Ezibambekayo - kuphuhliswa phantsi kwempembelelo lenzululwazi, ingakumbi ubucukubhede. Abaxhasi le ntsingiselo bakholelwa ukuba bulumko kufuneka ishwankathele zonke iinkcukacha zenzululwazi. Kakade ke, ubukho bukaThixo akalahlwanga ngokucacile. Ubukho zehlabathi, izazinzulu yachaza kuphela kwinqanaba umbono ngenzululwazi yendalo;
• Yobusoshiyali okanye nephupha, kwicala - eyavelayo emva revolution;

zobulumko French of yiEnlightenment: uVoltaire. mhlawumbi Le yenye idumileyo kwimbali nenkcubeko kunye nefilosofi. Lo mbhali odumileyo ngexesha elithile wala unqulo kunye nemithetho yayo, ngqo kwiqela deists. Kakade ke, uVoltaire akazange alahle ukholo kuThixo. Kodwa wayekholelwa ukuba uThixo wadala kuphela ihlabathi, ubeka intshukumo ethile kwaye akuyiphazamisi izinto ukuya indlela yabo.

Le sazi idumileyo belithetha unyango enobuntu abantu abaqhelekileyo. Kunjalo, wayekholelwa ukuba kuphela ukumkani - kuphela ogqibeleleyo uhlobo urhulumente. Ingxaki wabona kuphela abalawuli kunye nokuba mathidala babo ukuze anyamekele abantu abangafundanga amahlwempu.

Intanda-French yiEnlightenment kunye nabameli balo.

Zh.Zh.Russo- elinye pretty sobulumko esidumileyo, umbhali kunye notitshala. Wayishiya igunya ibandla senkolelo, inkohlakalo yayo ngokungenabulungisa kunye kukuyibaxa. Noko ke, wavuma ukuba urhulumente kufuneka unqulo eyayiza kwenza abantu amalungu oluntu. Wade wadala umba unqulo "yoluntu", nto leyo ababandakanyekayo ukukholelwa kokufa, nje ukuba uhlawule umvuzo izenzo sisohlwayo okulungileyo nokuba kokubi.

Lamettrie - yaba ongakholelwayo akholwa namkhanyela amathuba ubukho bukaThixo. Ngaphezu koko, yena wakhanyela ukubaluleka unqulo awenzele uluntu, kwaye bakholwa ukuba le yokuziphatha iza kuphela kunye namava. Lo bulumko uthambekele ukucinga ukuba wonke umntu uzalelwa ububi, singanyangekiyo zesintu. A sidima, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezintle ezifunyenwe ngethuba imfundo efanelekileyo.

Diderot - ISAZINZULU waba iimbono ezahlukeneyo kancinane ubomi. Wayekholelwa ukuba umntu ngemvelo kuzelwe okulungileyo. Ububi kuvela xa umntu phezulu ekhulayo. Ekuziphatheni uhlanga kuxhomekeke imithetho inkqubo yolawulo loluntu kunye nendlela yokuphila.