INkundla YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu

Ngowe-1953, le ndlela jikelele zomthetho, umzimba elitsha, apho kamva waba yiNkundla yaseYurophu of Justice. kolawulo lwayo lusekelwe European Convention on Human Rights. It wavakalisa amalungelo abalulekileyo nenkululeko. Yintoni iNkundla YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu ngaphambili, yaye yintoni na namhlanje, siza kuxubusha ngayo kwinqaku.

Imbali ingenzeka

Ekuqaleni, iNgqungquthela waba phantsi kokhuseleko maqumrhu mathathu, kuquka iKomiti yabaPhathiswa, iKhomishini kunye iNkundla ngokwayo, iNkundla Yamalungelo Oluntu kunye Secretariat, njengokuba umzimba kolwakhe.

Convention yasayinwa 47 angamalungu, ngoko ke umsebenzi iphambili imizimba zaphezulu esweni njani ayahlonitshwa imithetho yayo. Le ngxaki isonjululwe nokuxilonga ukusombulula izikhalazo ukuba isicelo:

• ngabanye;
• iqela labantu;
• imibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente;
• Amazwe inxaxheba.

Ekuqaleni isikhalazo kuqwalaselwa yiKomishoni, kwaye ukuba kunjalo ityala yadluliselwa YaseYurophu kwiNkundla of Human Rights, nto leyo eyenza isigqibo sokugqibela. Yabaneziphumo onganambithekiyo wakuzincina ityala obandakanyekayo, iKomiti yaBaphathiswa.

Ngowe-1994, le nkqubo iye itshintshile, kwaye izikhalazo ukuba umphumo ube mhle kwabenzi-sicelo kudlule phezu enkundleni yabo.

Ngowe-1998 itshintshe isakhiwo - iNkundla yaseYurophu for Human Rights kunye neKomishoni ziye zadityaniswa mzimbeni mnye.

kolawulo

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba Convention watyikitywa ngamazwe 47, le Nkundla yaseYurophu kwemicimbi womntu kubo nkundla iphezulu. Ngoko ke, oko:

• Akunamsebenzi ezikhawulezileyo umgwebo, leyo sele yamkela inkundla yesizwe okanye elinye iqumrhu kwamandla karhulumente amazwe ilungu;
• Akunyanzelekanga ukunika imiyalelo kwindlu yowiso-mthetho;
• akuthethi ukulawula phezu komthetho wesizwe kunye namaqumrhu, ilawula yazo;
• Oku akuthethi ukunika umyalelo ngamanyathelo kunye neziphumo zasemthethweni.

I-European Court ngokungqinelana ngamakhono abo;

• uphonononga izikhalazo kuchasene nomthetho;
• amabhaso iqela yokulahlekelwa imbuyekezo iqela ngempumelelo ngohlobo imbuyekezo ngemali, ukonakala kwempahla, non-pecuniary umonakalo ukumangalelana iindleko.

practice Long-term wenkundla akazi amatyala non-inzaliseko izigqibo zayo. Oku inxenye wacacisa yinyaniso ukuba ukungathotyelwa kungabangela ukunqunyanyiswa kobulungu kunye nokukhutshelwa evela kwiBhunga European. Ukunyanzeliswa izigwebo ukulawula IKomiti yaBaphathiswa.

Oko uchaphazela umsebenzi weNkundla European?

Ukususela kolawulo weNkundla isekelwe phezu Convention, kunye nobuchule eze kuye. Ngoko ke, kungaba:

• ukutolika i Convention, phambi kokuba kwawiswa isigwebo ngesicelo iKomiti yabaPhathiswa, kunye nokunika izimvo zokucebisa akazalani kwiimviwo amatyala;
• ingqalelo zombini isikhalazo inter-karhulumente ngamnye kunye noninzi ngokuchasene European Union kunye Council of Europe;
• ukuqaphela ubunyani ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo-sicelo kwaye imbasa yakhe, xa siphumelela, intlawulo;
• ukuseka kukwaphula umthetho kweli lizwe, njengoko enobunzima nesenzeko, kwaye awanyanzele ukuze kupheliswe siphene.

Isakhiwo komsindo

Ukuma kwezomthetho ibandakanya abantu 47 - ukwakhiwa kwamazwe basayine uxwebhu. Ijaji nganye iya kunyulwa iminyaka elithoba kwaye baphinde bonyulwa.

Ukunyulwa abagwebi - umsebenzi weNdlu yoWiso-mthetho lePalamente, leyo ukhetha abafundi abathathu ukusuka lalikuluhlu olwangeniswa yi lilizwe lilungu.

abasebenzi Oonobhala iqulathe zabantu 679, kuquka 62 abasebenzi - abemi baseRashiya. On ngebande elinye kunye nabasebenzi bolawulo kunye yobugcisa ukusebenza njengoko abasebenzi amagqwetha kunye nabaguquleli.

History of Russia kwiNkundla yaseYurophu.

I-Russian Federation usayine Ingqungquthela ngo-1998, May 5. Phambi kwalo mhla kwixesha langoku amalungelo oluntu kwi-Russian Federation wayenza kwiNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko. I-High Court iqela umahluko kuyo. Ntoni?

Court wenza ngokungqinelana ne-Convention kunye siseko ngokwe-siseko.

Iinkundla kufuneka imizimba ezahlukeneyo zolawulo - yaseYurophu Court of interethnic kunye loMgaqo-siseko - kazwelonke.

Ngokutsho kwiNkundla yezomGaqo-siseko, ukuqaphela izenzo nomgaqo okanye izibonelelo zazo ezahlukeneyo kufuneka itshintshwe, ngokomthetho federal. Le Nkundla, Noko ke, awukwazi ukutshintsha isigqibo esithathwe yinkundla wesizwe, lo ngowona aluhambisani Convention.

Kodwa nangona umahluko, akukho nanye kwezi mpahla ungaphezu omnye.

Usompempe yokuqala ukusuka eRussia Anatoly Kovler (1998-2012). Yena indawo nguDmitry Dedov, ngubani ngumgwebi ngelo xesha langoku.

Ngokutsho manani, eRashiya ubekwa kwindawo yokuqala inani lezikhalazo ezingenisiweyo kwiNkundla yaseYurophu.

Abo babenenxaxheba ngo-2010 ukuya ku-862 815 kwimicimbi Russian zabonwa ukunyhashwa. Inkundla yayalela ukuba athathe amanyathelo ngokubanzi, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni utshintsho kubume yamabanjwa. Okwangoku ngokuxhomekeke ukuguqula ezinye iinkalo iingxoxo.

Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukuba Russian Federation igxalaba ukuya kwiNkundla ebukhosini. Ngoko ke, Russia akayi kwenza izigqibo babalekayo sibali-siseko wayo.

Imiqathango kunye neemeko izikhalazo

Le isikhalazo kwiNkundla yaseYurophu, kufuneka ihlangabezane le miqathango ilandelayo:

• kuba phantsi kuphela amalungelo nenkululeko eziqulathwe kule Convention kunye neMigaqo yayo ukuze;
• lommangali babe ngabantu emzimbeni, iqela labantu, imibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente ;
• kwi ummangali uya ukhankanye amanqaku weNkomfa, njengako leyo imithetho amalungelo nenkululeko, kunye neenkcukacha zakho zobuqu: Igama, umhla wokuzalwa, indawo yokuhlala kunye nomsebenzi;
• isikhalazo siya kuqwalaselwa ukuba sibhekiswe ilizwe eliye uwamkele Convention kunye neMigaqo yayo, kunye neziganeko okuchazwe kwingxelo kwenzeka emva kokuba zamkelwe;
• ummangalelwa ayinakuba ngumntu wabucala okanye umbutho;
• isikhalazo savumelana aliyi kuba ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-6 emva kokuba iimviwo yi ligunya elinobuchule;
• eli thuba uphazamiseka ukwamkelwa kwiNkundla yaseYurophu emva kokuba isicelo okanye ifom kwi-sicelo wokuqala ezibhaliweyo;
• isikhalazo kucingelwa ukuba kuvumelekile xa sicelo uzigqibile iinkundla zelizwe ezikhoyo.

Ityala weNkundla yaseYurophu ingqalelo ukususela kwiminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5.

ukuthumela Apho isikhalazo sakho?

Ukuba isicelo siyazifezekisa zonke iimfuno, oko kufuneka kwenziwe kwi ifomu. It ingalandwa, kunye imiyalelo ngokuzalisa c echr.coe.int.

IFomu ukuprinta, gcwalisa uze uthumele YaseYurophu kwiNkundla of Human kule dilesi ingezantsi.

Olu xwebhu kufuneka siqulathe le ngcaciso ilandelayo:

• Igama elipheleleyo, umhla wokuzalwa, ubuzwe kunye nedilesi yommangali;
• igama Party okanye Amaqela ngazo isikhalazo sifakiweyo;
• mazwi oluthe ngqo nolucacileyo izibakala ze-zolwaphulo kwizityholo, okanye ukunyhashwa amanqaku Convention kunye zento ethile, kwakunye nenkcazo ukuthotyelwa kwemiqathango admissibility.

Ukuba unayo ummeli, kuyimfuneko ukuba Mababonise kuloo fom:

• igama, idilesi, inombolo yomnxeba, inombolo yefeksi kunye email lakhe nedilesi;
• Umhla kunye nomsayino sicelo.

Isikhalazo rhoqo ithunyelwa kule dilesi ingezantsi.

Enoba isigqibo seNkundla, umfaki-sicelo uya kwaziswa ngesigqibo yakhe ileta.