Inkqubo ye-Hydraulic: ukubala, iskimu, isixhobo. Iindidi zeenkqubo zemizi-mveliso. Lungisa. Iinkqubo ze-Hydraulic and pneumatic systems

Inkqubo ye-hydraulic yinkqubo eyenzelwe ukuguqula amandla amancinci ibe yinto ebalulekileyo, usebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lokuhambisa amanzi. Kukho ezininzi iindidi zeendawo ezisebenzayo ngokwemigaqo. Ukugqithiswa kwezixhobo zolu hlobo kubangelwe ngokukodwa kwimpumelelo ephezulu yomsebenzi wabo, ukuthembeka kunye nokulula okunxulumene nokuyila.

Ububanzi bokusetyenziswa

Ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwalolu hlobo lwenkqubo lufunyenwe:

1. Kwishishini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-hydraulics yinto yokwakha izitya zetsimbi, izixhobo ezijoliswe ekuthuthweni kwemveliso, ukulayisha / ukuyikhulula, njalonjalo.
2. Kwimboni ye-aerospace. Iinkqubo ezifanayo zisetyenziswe kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zolawulo kunye ne-chassis.
3. Kulimo. Kungenxa yezixhobo zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ukuba izixhobo ezinamathele zeetrekta kunye ne-bulldozers zivame ukulawulwa.
4. Kwintsimi yokuthutha impahla. Kwiimoto, i-system ye-braking system iya kufakwa.
5. I sixhobo se sikhephe. Izidakamizwa kule meko zisetyenziselwa ukuhamba, ziyinxalenye yenkqubo yoyilo lwee-turbines.

Umgaqo wokusebenza

Naliphi na inkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwemigodi esebenzayo ngokomgaqo wesiqhelo esivamile. Ukunikezelwa ngaphakathi kwebandla, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi (amaninzi, ioli) kudala uxinzelelo olufanayo kuzo zonke iindawo zalo. Oku kuthetha ukuba, kunye nomzamo omncinci kummandla omncinci, unokumelana nomthwalo obalulekileyo kwikhulu.

Emva koko, cinga umgaqo wokusebenza kweso sixhobo esebenzisa umzekelo weyunithi njengesixhobo sokurhaxisa imoto. Ukuyilwa kwelokugqibela kulula. Isikimu saso siquka iindidi ezininzi (iinqhekeza eziphambili, ezizaliswe ngamanzi kunye noncedo). Zonke ezi zinto zixhunyelelana ngomnye ngamatye. Xa umqhubi ucinezela i-pedal, i-piston e-master cylinder iqala ukuhamba. Ngenxa yoko, umbane uqala ukuhamba phakathi kwee-tubes kwaye ungena kwiibilisi ezincedisayo ezikufuphi kweevili. Emva koko, ukuqhaqhaza kubangela.

Ukulungiswa kweenkqubo zoshishino

Ukuqhaqha imfucuza yemoto - ukuyila, njengoko ubonayo, kulula. Kumashishini oshishino kunye neendlela, izixhobo zamanzi ziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuyila kwabo bahluke (kuxhomekeke kububanzi besicelo). Nangona kunjalo, umzobo weskimu we-hydraulic system yesampula yoshishino uhlala ufana. Ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka ezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. Itanki yamanzi entanyeni kunye nomoya.
2. Isihlungi. Le nto yenzelwe ukususa kwi-fluid engenayo ibe yinkqubo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezingcolileyo kumatshini.
3. Ipompo.
4. Inkqubo yo lawulo.
5. Isilinda esisebenza.
6. Izihlungi ezimbini ezifanelekileyo (kumgca wokubonelela nokubuyela).
7. Ivelveji yokusabalalisa. Esi sakhiwo sakhiwo senzelwe ukuhambisa umbane kwi-cylinder okanye ukubuyela kwitanki.
8. Ukuguqulwa kwamagatya kunye nezokhuseleko.

Ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-hydraulic yezixhobo zoshishino kwisekwe kumgaqo wesiphakamiso sempahla. Ngaphantsi kwefuthe leoli ye-gravity injalo inkqubo ifika kumpompo. Emva koko iya kwiplavayi yokulawula, uze ufike kwi-piston ye-cylinder, udale uxinzelelo. Umpompo kwiinkqubo ezinjalo aziklanyelwe ukufumana umbane, kodwa kuphela ukuhambisa umthamo wayo. Oko kukuthi, ingcinezelo ayidalwanga ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo, kodwa phantsi komthwalo ukusuka kwipiston. Ngezantsi umzobo wesimiso se-hydraulic system.

Iingenelelo kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwezixhobo zemizila

Ukufaneleka kwamacandelo asebenza kulo mgaqo kubandakanya:

• Ukukwazi ukuhambisa imithwalo yemilinganiselo kunye nobukhulu obukhulu ngokuchanileyo.
• Uluhlu olungenamkhawulo wezantya.
• Ubunzima bomsebenzi.
• Ukuthembeka kunye nobomi benkonzo ende. Zonke iinqununu zezixhobo ezinokuthi zikhuseleke ngokuthe ngqo ukuba zingadlulanga umthwalo ngokufaka iifayile zokhuseleko ezilula.
• Ukusebenza koqoqosho kunye nobukhulu obuncinci.

Ukongezelela kwiingenelo, kukho iinkqubo zoshishino zemizi-mveliso, ngokuqinisekileyo, kunye nezinye izinto ezingenakwenzeka. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukwanda komngcipheko womlilo ngexesha lokusebenza. Uninzi lwamanzi asetyenziswayo kwiisistim ze-hydraulic ziyavutha.
• Ukuvakalelwa kwezixhobo zokungcola.
• Ubungakanani bokuvuza kweoli, kwaye ngoko ke kufuneka kupheliswe.

Inkqubo ye-Hydraulic calculation

Xa ukwakhiwa kwezixhobo ezinjalo, izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zithathwa ingqalelo. Ezi zibandakanya, umzekelo, umlinganiso we -kinematic of viscosity of liquid, ubukhulu bayo, ubude bamapayipi, i diameter yeentonga, njalo njalo.

Iinjongo eziphambili zokwenza izibalo zeso sixhobo njengenkqubo ye-hydraulic zidla ngokucacileyo inkcazelo:

• Iimpawu zompompo.
• Imilinganiselo yokubetha kweentonga.
• U xinzelelo lo msebenzi.
• Iziganeko ze-Hydraulic of roads, ezinye izinto kunye neenkqubo zonke.

Inkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi iyabalwa ngokusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempompe ze-arithmetic. Ngokomzekelo, ukulahlekelwa kweengcinezelo kwimipayipi kuchazwe ngale ndlela:

1. Ubungakanani obuqikelelwayo bezintlu buhlulwe ngobubanzi bawo.
2. Imveliso yobuninzi bombane esetyenzisiweyo kwaye isikwere somlinganiselo wokujikeleza kwesantya sihlulwe sibe zimbini.
3. Yandisa inani elifunyenweyo.
4. Yandisa umphumo wendlela yokulahlekelwa yindlela.

Ifomula ngokwayo ibonakala ngathi:

• Δp _i = λ x l _{i (p):} d x pV ² : 2.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kulo mzekelo ukubalwa kwelahleko kumandla kusetyenziswa malunga nomgaqo ofanayo kunye nezakhiwo ezilula ezifana nezixhobo zokufudumeza. Ukuchonga iimpawu zompompo, ubukhulu be-stroke ye-piston, njl., Ezinye iifomula zisetyenziswa.

Iindidi zeenkqubo zemizi-mveliso

Zonke ezi zixhobo zihlukaniswe zibe ngamaqela amabini aphezulu: uhlobo oluvulekileyo oluvaliweyo. Umzobo wesimiso yesimiso se-hydraulic esicatshulwe ngasentla ibhekisela kwiintlobo zokuqala. Izixhobo ezivulekileyo ziqhelekileyo zizixhobo zamandla aphantsi kunye aphakathi. Kwiinkqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zolu hlobo oluvaliweyo, imoto yamanzi iyasetyenziselwa endaweni ye-silinda. Umbane ungena kumpompo, uze ubuyele kumbhobho kwakhona.

Indlela yokulungisa

Njengoko inkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kumashishini kunye neendlela zidlala indima ebalulekileyo, inkonzo yayo ihlala ixhaswa ngabachwephesha abaqeqeshekileyo ababandakanya lolu hlobo lomsebenzi wenkampani. Iifemu ezinjalo zivame ukunika uluhlu olupheleleyo lweenkonzo ezinxulumene nokulungiswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa kunye nama-hydraulics.

Kakade ke, kwi-arsenal yale nkampani kukho zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko ekwenzeni imisebenzi enjalo. Ukulungiswa kweenkqubo ze-hydraulic ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa kwiziko. Ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe, kwiimeko ezininzi, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuxilonga kufuneka zenziwe. Kule nto, iinkampani ezisebenzayo ekusebenziseni iimpahla zamanzi zisebenzisa izixhobo ezizodwa. Abasebenzi beefemu ezinjalo bavame ukuziswa kunye nabo ukuphelisa iingxaki.

Iinkqubo zomoya

Ukongeza kwimizi-mveliso, izixhobo zomoya-moya zingasetyenziswa ukuqhuba iiyunithi ezahlukeneyo. Basebenza ngokufanayo ngendlela efanayo. Nangona kunjalo, kulo mzekelo, amandla omatshini aguqulwa emoyeni otyinyiweyo, kungekhona amanzi. Yaye kunye neenkqubo zomoya, kunye neenkqubo zomoya zikwazi ukuhlangabezana kakuhle nomsebenzi wazo.

Inzuzo yezixhobo zesibini zihlobo, okokuqala, ukungabikho kwemfuneko yokubuyisela umbane osebenzayo kwi-compressor. Ukuxhamla kweenkqubo ezifanayo zemizi-mveliso xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zomoya-moya kukuba iindawo ezingqongileyo azixhasi kwaye azikho i-supercooled, ngoko ke, akukho zixhobo ezongezelelweyo kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo zifakwe kwisiphaluka.