Inkqubo ye-endocrine yi ... Iingqungquthela zesimiso se-endocrine

Indawo ekhethekileyo phakathi kwezakhiwo zangaphakathi zomntu ihlala yinkqubo ye-endocrine. Oku kubangelwa ukuba imisebenzi yayo iya kwandiswa kuzo zonke izitho kunye nezicubu.

Ulwazi jikelele

Inani elithile leeseli zeenkqubo ze-endocrine zihlanganiswa. Bakha izixhobo zecala-intlasecretory glands. Iimveliso ezivelisa isakhiwo zingena ngqo kwiiseli ngokusebenzisa into ephakathi okanye iqhutywe ngegazi. Inzululwazi, eqhuba isifundo ngokubanzi ngesakhiwo, i-biology. Inkqubo ye-endocrine ibaluleke kakhulu kumntu kwaye izalisekisa imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni umsebenzi oqhelekileyo wokuphila.

Imisebenzi yokwakha

Inkqubo ye-endocrine yomzimba ithatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zamachiza, idibanisa imisebenzi yazo zonke izitho nezinye izakhiwo. Inoxanduva lokuhamba ngokuzinzileyo kwinkqubo yokuphila phantsi kweemeko zokutshintsha rhoqo kwiimeko zangaphandle. Njengoko i-immune kunye ne-nervous, inkqubo ye-endocrine ibandakanyeke ekulawuleni ukuphuhliswa nokukhula komntu, ukusebenza kwezitho zokuzala kunye nokwahluka kwesondo. Imisebenzi yakhe iya kwandisa ekusebenziseni iimvakalelo zengqondo, ukuziphatha kwengqondo. Inkqubo ye-endocrine kukuba, phakathi kwezinye izinto, enye yamagaletha amandla omntu.

Izinto ezakhiweyo

Inkqubo ye-endocrine yomzimba iquka izinto eziphambili ze-intrasecretory. Ekugqibeleni kwazo zenza izixhobo zokusebenza. Ivelisa i-hormone yeenkqubo ze-endocrine. Ukongeza, phantse zonke izicubu zomntu kukho iiseli zesakhiwo. Iqela leeseli ze-endocrine ezihlakazekile kuwo wonke umzimba zenza inxalenye yenkqubo.

Intrasecretory elements

Iifutha ze -glandular ziquka ezi zilandelelwano ze-intrasecretory ze-endocrine :

• Shchitovidku . Kucingwa njengento enkulu ye-intrasecretory gland. Ivelisa izinto ezibalulekileyo zeekhemikhali. Ngokukodwa, i-hormone ye-endocrine efana ne-T4 (thyroxine), i-calcitonin kunye ne-T3 (triiodothyronine) iveliswa. Ezi zinto zibandakanyeka ekulawuleni inkqubo yokukhula, ukwahlukana kwezicubu, uphuhliso lwabantu. Iimpawu zandisa ubukhulu beenkqubo zokuxilongwa, inqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwezicubu kunye namaziko e-O2. Ukungaphumeleli ekuphuhlisweni kweempawu ezithile kwi-thyroid gland kuqulethwe uphuhliso lwezilwanyana ezifana ne-hypothyroidism, i-goitre yeHashimoto, thyrotoxicosis, umdlavuza, i-cretinism, i-goiter eyingozi, i-myxedema (kwisigaba esiphezulu se-hypothyroidism).
• Thymus . Le gland ikhiqiza iiseli ze-T zenkqubo yokukhusela umzimba. Ikhupha i-thymopoietins. Ezi hormone zenkqubo ye-endocrine zijongene nomsebenzi osebenzayo kunye nokuvuthwa kwamaseli omzimba. Singatsho ukuba i-thymus ibandakanyeke kwinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokubeka iliso nokuphuhlisa ukukhuselwa kwangaphakathi komntu. Kule nkalo, kungatsholwa ukuba ukuphulwa komsebenzi kweli nqanaba nakho kuphazamiseka kwe-immune. Kunzima ukugqithisa ukubaluleka kwenkqubo yokukhusela yomntu.
• Iingqungquthela zePathyroid ze-endocrine system . Apha, iqela elijongene nokuxinwa kwe-calcium kuveliswa. Kananjalo, iqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo kwezixhobo ze-nervous and motor. Izifo ezinxulumene nokungasebenzi kakubi kwintsebenzo yeengcungcutheka zengqondo ziquka hyperparathyroidism, i-parathyroid osteodystrophy, hypercalcemia.
• Iingqungquthela ze-adrenal . Ezi zinto ziyizona zinto ziyinhloko ye-norepinephrine kunye ne-epinephrine. Xa ukuphulwa komsebenzi kwi-adrenal gland kungabonakala iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana, kubandakanywa nabo abaneenkalo ezinzima. Ekubonweni kokuqala, kunye nabanye babo, umsebenzi we-endocrine inkqubo ayihambelani. Intetho, ngokukodwa, iphathelene neentsholongwane ze-cardiovascular - i-hypertension, ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kunye nezinye iingxaki ze-vascular. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, uxhulumano oluchanekileyo lufumaneka ekuhloleni nasekuboneni izizathu zokuphuhliswa kwezifo.
• Pancreas . Eli nqaku lilo liqela lezitho zendlela yokugaya. Kwi-gland yavelisa iindidi ezimbini ze-glucagon kunye ne-insulin. Okukugqibela kunika ukuhla kwe-glucose egazini. I-Glucagon, ngokuchaseneyo, yandisa umxholo wayo. Iibhomoni zombini zibandakanyeka kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo ze-fat and carbohydrate metabolism. Kule nkalo, i-pathologies ehambelana nokuphulwa kwimisebenzi yalo mzimba iquka isifo sikashukela kunye neengxaki zayo, kwakunye neengxaki ezibangelwa ubunzima bomzimba obuninzi.
• Iigonads . Bavelisa amahomoni esondo.
• Amaqanda . Ezi zinto zifakwe kwinkqubo yesetyhini yokuzala. Imisebenzi yabo ephambili ibandakanya ukuveliswa kwe-estrogens kunye neprogesterone. Ngokuvelisa ama hormone, ii-ovari zithatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yenkqubo yokuzala. Iipathologies ezinxulumene nemisebenzi engenakusebenza kwezi zinto ziquka ukukhathazeka, i-myoma, i-cystosis, umhlaza, ukungabikho komzimba, i-endometriosis nabanye.
• Amaqanda . Ziyinxalenye yesakhiwo seprogram yokuzala. Apha, i-hormone ye-steroid ikhiqizwa (i-testosterone, ikakhulukazi), i-spermatozoa (iiseli zesini). Ngenxa yokungasebenzi kwamathambo, iintlungu ezahlukahlukeneyo emzimbeni womntu ziphuhliswa, kubandakanya ukungabikho.

Ukwahlula inxalenye

Into ebalulekileyo equka inkqubo ye-endocrine kule meko I-Pituitary gland. Le ngongoma yesahluko esisasazekayo sesakhiwo sinokubaluleka ngokukhethekileyo. Inokuthiwa ngumzimba ophakathi. I-pituitary isondelelene ngokusondeleyo kunye ne-hypothalamus, eyenza i-pituitary-hypothalamus zixhobo. Siyabulela, ukusebenzisana kwezixhobo eziveliswe yi-epiphysis kulawulwa.

Kwiqumrhu eliphambili, kuveliswa izixhobo ezibandakanya ukukhuthaza nokulawula inkqubo ye-endocrine. Kwimveliso ye-pituitary yangaphambili iveliswa izinto ezibalulekileyo ezibalulekileyo. Zibizwa ngokuba zibalaseleyo. Ziquka, ngokukodwa, ihomoni ye-adrenocorticotropic, i-thyrotropin, ezine i-gonadotropic compounds ezilawula umsebenzi wezesondo zesakhiwo. I-Somatropin nayo ikhutshwe apha. Olu luqhagamshelwano olubaluleke kakhulu kumntu. I-Somatropin ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-hormone yokukhula. Yona nto ibalulekileyo echaphazela ukuphuhliswa kweethambo, izihlunu kunye nezixhobo ze-cartilage. Ngomveliso ogqithisileyo we-somatropin kubantu abadala, i-agrochemia ifumaneka. Le ntsholongwane ibonakaliswe ukwanda kwamathambo ebuso kunye neenyawo.

Epiphysis

Ivelisa i -hormone echasayo ehlinzeka ngokulawulwa kwamanqanaba emzimbeni, kunye ne-oxytocin. Olu lugxininiso lujongene nenkontileka yemisipha epholileyo (kubandakanywa nesibindi kwindlela yokubeleka). Kwi-epiphysis hormone compounds ziveliswa. Ziquka i-noradrenaline kunye ne-melatonin. Eli lokugqibela li-hormone elinoxanduva lwemiqathango ngexesha lokulala. Ngokuthatha inxaxheba ye-norepinephrin, inkqubo ye-nervous and endocrine ilawulwa, kunye nokujikelezwa kwegazi. Zonke iinqununu zesakhiwo ziyahambelana. Xa iqela liwela, ukulawulwa kwenkqubo ye-endocrine kuphazamiseka, ngenxa yokokuba ukungaphumeleli kwenzeka kwezinye izakhiwo.

Ulwazi olubanzi malunga neentsholongwane

Izifo zenkqubo ye-endocrine zibonakaliswe kwiimeko ezinxulumene ne-hyper-, hypo hypo or functional intrasecretory. Njengamanje, iyeza lwazi kakhulu iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwelapha ezingayilungisa umsebenzi wesakhiwo. Ukuchaphazela ukhetho lwezinto ezifanelekileyo ezilungisa imisebenzi eyenziwa yi-system endocrine, iimpawu, uhlobo kunye nesigaba se-pathology, iimpawu zesigulane ngasinye. Njengomthetho, kwizifo ezinzima, unyango oluyinkimbinkimbi lusetyenziswa. Olu khetho lubangelwa kukuba inkqubo ye-endocrine iyinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwanoma iyiphi enye indlela yokuphelisa izizathu zokungaphumeleli akwanele.

Unyango lweSteroid

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, inkqubo ye-endocrine yindlela, iindawo ezenza ukuveliswa kwemichiza echaphazelekayo ekwenzeni ezinye izitho kunye nezicubu. Ngokumalunga nalokhu, unyango lwe-steroid yindlela ephambili yokuphelisa ukwehluleka okuhlukeneyo kwimveliso yezinto. Isetyenziswe, ngakumbi, xa umxholo ongenelisekanga okanye ogqithisileyo weemveliso eziveliswa ngumsebenzi we-endocrine ufunyaniswa. Utyando kunye ne-steroids luyimfuneko emva kwenani lemisebenzi. Unyango, njengomyalo, uthatha isicwangciso esikhethekileyo sokuthatha amachiza. Emva kokutshatyalaliswa okukodwa okanye okugqibeleleyo kwintsimbi, umzekelo, isigulane sinikwa i-hormone yokuphila ixesha elide.

Ezinye iziyobisi

Kwiinkqubo ezininzi apho inkqubo ye-endocrine ibonakala khona, unyango lufumana ukwamkela общеукрепляющих, ukulwa nokuvuvukala, i-antibiotic agents. Kwakhona, i-iodine ye-iodine yonyango isetyenziswa rhoqo. Kwi-pathologies yomhlaza, i-radiactive irradiation isetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa iiselingi ezinobungozi kunye nezonakaliswe.

Uluhlu lwamachiza asetyenziswa ukulungelelanisa inkqubo ye-endocrine

Eentliziyweni zamachiza amaninzi kukho izinto zendalo. Ezi zithunywa zikhethwa kakhulu kwiyeza ezininzi zezifo. Umsebenzi wezinto ezisebenzayo zezobisi zijolise ekuvuseleleni iinkqubo zokuxilongwa kunye nokuqhelanisa imvelaphi ye-hormonal. Iingcali zikwahlula ngokukodwa ezi zi yobisi:

• "Omega Q10". Esi sidakamizwa siqinisa amandla omzimba kwaye sikhombisa imisebenzi yeengqungquthela ze-endocrine.
• "Flavit-L". Esi sidakamizwa senzelwe ukunyanga nokukhusela ukuphulwa kwenkqubo ye-endocrine kubafazi.
• "Detovit". Eli phephelo linamandla ngokwaneleyo kwaye lisetyenziselwa ukuphazamiseka okungapheliyo kokusebenza kweengqungquthela ze-intrasecretory.
• "Apollo-IVA". Esi sidakamizwa sinakho ukukhuthaza amajoni omzimba kunye ne-endocrine.

Ukungenelela kokusebenza

Izindlela zokuphanda zibhekwa njengeyona ndlela iphumelele kunyango lwe-endocrine pathologies. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kunokwenzeka, bathelela kuzo kwindawo yokugqibela. Esinye sezibonakaliso ezichanekileyo malunga nokutyunjwa kobugqirha sisifo esichengeni ubomi bomntu. Ngenxa yobunzima be-pathology kunokususwa inxalenye yengqungquthela okanye iqumrhu ngokupheleleyo. Xa izicubu zomhlaza zisuswe kunye nezicubu ezikufuphi.

Iindlela zonyango zonyango lwezifo ze-endocrine

Ngenxa yokuba inani elikhulu lamayeza anikezelweyo namhlanje kwinethiwekhi yee-pharmacy, inesiseko esisisiseko kunye neenkalo ezingqinelanayo, ngokugqithiseleyo nokugqithiseleyo kunyango kunye neyeza. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zamachiza ngaphandle kokubonisana neengcali kunokuba yingozi. Phakathi kwezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokupheka, sibona ezimbalwa. Ngoko, ngenxa ye-hyperthyroidism, iqoqo lemfuyo lisetyenzisiweyo, olubandakanya ingcambu ye-lapchatka emhlophe (4 izingxenye), imfuyo yemifuno (3 h), i-oregano (3 h), i-peppermint (amaqabunga), i-motherwort (1 h). Izinto zokurhweba zifuna ukuthatha iipunipoli ezimbini. Ukuqokelela amanzi athile abilayo (ama-milliliters amahlanu amahlanu) kwaye ugxininise ubusuku bonke kwi-thermos. Ekuseni kuhlongozwa. Thatha i-1/2 indebe ngaphambi kokutya kathathu ngosuku. Ubude bexesha lokumkelwa ziinyanga ezimbini. Emva kweenyanga ezimbini okanye ezintathu, phinda ikhosi.

Abantu abambalwa banconywa ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokunciphisa, ukunciphisa ukutya kunye nokwandisa ukuphuma komzimba kwi-interstitial fluid. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lwemfuno yoluntu olukhethiweyo, iimali kufuneka zisetyenziswe kuphela emva kokutyelela ugqirha.