Inkqubo eyohlobo olulodwa

Elichaza inani elikhulu ngokwaneleyo zombini inkqubo yemichiza ngokwasemzimbeni kunye neenkqubo ezisetyenziswa phants 'kwisigaba ".

Ngengqiqo "isigaba" elula didi kuthiwa elizimeleyo, inxalenye inkqubo ethile, nto leyo luphawulwa ukufana isalamane lwesakhiwo kunye nokwakheka. Phase, kwanele ngokubanzi lokuzimela kwaye ohlulwe kwabanye izigaba zenkqubo imida ethile - licandelo interfacial.

Kweli qela kweenkqubo imichiza eziquka inkqubo yohlobo olunye senze into isigaba kulo naliphi na ilizwe lazo: igesi, eqinileyo, elulwelo, kwaye kananjalo imixube zabo kunye nezisombululo. A impahla eqhelekileyo kwakhona enze ukuba nayiphi na inxalenye ayikho igesi engumxube, engamanzi, okanye nayiphi na eziqinileyo benza kwisigaba eyahlukileyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa siqwalasela njenge inkqubo ongumzekelo equlathe ngumkhenkce, leyo linyibilike kunye namanzi, izigaba ezibini zingahlukaniswa kule nkqubo - manzi kunye ngumkhenkce. Inyaniso ukuba noko elinye phezulu, kodwa isakhiwo kwezinto ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke bamele kwisigaba elizimeleyo. Ngokufanayo, unako ukunika imizekelo kubukho izinto apho sikwazi ukulungisa ubukho kwisigaba enye kuphela. Ezi kufuneka iquke umoya, i zolwelo nesisombululo potassium permanganate, zehydrochloric acid. Xa ezi zihlanganisi, akukho amacandelo kuyacaca interphase kwaye ngaxa nganye isakhiwo inkqubo bayo efanayo.

Ngelo xesha, wathi ekuqaleni kwenkcazelo nqaku alanelanga kwaye comprehensive. Liquka kuseyimfuneko ukufana kunye ungubani ekwakhiweni, kodwa le ndlela liyimfuneko kuphela ngokuphathelele kwiinkqubo kuvuselele. Kwimeko efanayo, xa le nkqubo kwi imeko indlela kwemichiza, isigaba kunokuba inhomogeneous. Kunye nomthamo kwesigaba yohlobo olunye ukuba siwenze kunye iziqalelo nomlinganiselo okumisele isigaba elinikiweyo.

Udidi "kwisigaba" kwaye lisebenza njengenqobo ngokuhlelwa kweenkqubo ngokwasemzimbeni kunye imichiza. Ngokutsho inani zonke iinkqubo zahlulwe iintlobo ezifana inkqubo yohlobo olunye kunye nenkqubo owahlukeneyo. Ngako oko kunokwenzeka yaye ukuqulunqa kwaye ukuchaza ezi ndidi. Owahlukeneyo ngendlela yenye apho inani izigaba akalingani nye. Kwaye, oko, inkqubo yohlobo olunye - inkqubo apho kwisigaba enye kuphela uyakhululwa.

Phases ngokwabo nazo zihlelwa ngeentlobo. Isigaba isiqina - into enye ukufumana ukusuka kwindawo enye ukuya kwenye kwenzeka ngaphandle kokunqumla icandelo isigaba. Yeyona phambi kwalo yaye oku isigaba kuphela iphawulwa inkqubo eyohlobo olulodwa.

Ngokungafaniyo kwindlela yakhe owahlukeneyo idaliwe njenge kwisigaba okuqhubekayo kunye saa, ukuba zahlukane ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.

Imizekelo yeenkqubo yohlobo olunye kunokuba izisombululo okwenyaniso, kuba amasuntswana ukuba awenze, i umxube oluba kwinqanaba atomic.

Intsingiselo kakhulu emzimbeni kolu luvo luphawu lo udidi, njengoko lizama rhoqo kwenkqubo eyohlobo olulodwa. Le njalo, kuthi, luphawu enye impahla ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo yohlobo olunye - eseleyo. Le esisabela kuqhubeka phakathi kwisigaba esinye, ochazwa ngokuba eyohlobo olulodwa, nto leyo ithetha ukuba zonke izinto ezibandakanyekileyo kulo nakwimo ofanayo udibaniso. Lizama ngethuba ngayo ezinjalo luphawulwa into efana kuvuselele kwinkqubo eyohlobo olulodwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba basabele okunjalo kwenzeka kwiseti kwinqanaba yoxinaniso enjalo nangoku zombini ngqo kwaye ukubuyisela abasabela ngaphakathi. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba imo lwesilinganiso weekhemikhali , yaye, ngokubanzi, ukuba ukhonza ngesalathisi apho iyayeka ukuba makwenziwe basabela.

I-njalo lizama yenza kube lula ukufumanisa ukukwazi ukugqiba indlela yemichiza phantsi kweemeko ezithile. It is a ixabiso jikelele kwaye ibhekisela kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo.