Inkqubo emali kwihlabathi kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kutshanje

  Phantsi kwenkqubo wemali ehlabathini mihla oko kuthetha ejikeleza wemali zombini ngaphakathi kumazwe aphuhlileyo, kunye nobudlelwane yezimali kunye namanye amazwe. I-jikelele Inkqubo lemali ke ngoko nangoko wathabatha kwifomu apho owoyamaniswe ukumbona.

Ekuqaleni, le nkqubo yenziwe ngokuzenzekelayo, akukho namnye wenza Akukho zinzame ukuyilawula. Nangona lusekelwe umgangatho ngegolide, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe waqalisa ukuba kulawulwa. Ngenxa yoko, kwafika yokuba isekwe kwi imali iphepha-credit.

Inkqubo yemali hlabathi lifikile indlela elide yophuhliso, apho ubukhulu waphinda amanqanaba kwafuneka ngalo iphumele kunye neenkqubo lemali lesizwe lwamazwe ngamanye. Umzekelo, i nayiphi original yesizwe inkqubo mali esekelwe kwi-standard igolide, igolide yaba usisiqinisekiso uzinzo kwaye isebenza indlela yokubhatala. Kamva, ukusetyenziswa zemali zegolide ishiywe, esebenzisa bullion kuphela besibini. Ngelo xesha lokugqibela, ezi nkqubo beza ukusetyenziswa imali kwephepha-credit, sele indima enkulu ufumana ngetyala.

Inkqubo lwemali kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele

  Ehlabathini efanayo ndlela yenziwe ngayo nenkqubo yemali jikelele. Ngoxa ehlabathini kukho eminye imithetho eziliqela yophuhliso imeko inkqubo izinto ezifanayo. Umahluko ephambili kukuba ubudlelwane ngamazwe akuzange kubekho ixesha lwemali yegolide, kunye nokusetyenziswa etshe yaqhubeka kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela.

Noko ke, ngelo xesha kukho uphuhliso imali ezahlukeneyo zeentengo zemboleko abangabancedani. Ekuqaleni, baba amanqaku ezizodwa okanye itshekhi. Konke oku kubonisa kwamatyala welizwe a kwamanye amazwe okanye uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe.

Inkqubo yemali zasehlabathini kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini

  Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini imeko baqalisa ukutshintsha ehlabathini, kuqala kwiinto zonke, oku kuchazwe nezobudlelwane yezoqoqosho kunye urhwebo phakathi kwamazwe. Kule meko, inkqubo wemali ihlabathi lingabi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno ulwalamano olunjalo. neenguqu ezifanele ukuba bangazisa inkqubo ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha.

inkqubo yemali yeSizwe kunye nehlabathi yaba ngaphantsi zidityaniswe, kwakufuneka ngoko ulawulo ethembekileyo. Kulo mba, lo nyaka-30 urhulumente luyekile usebenzisa igolide bullion standard ukuze ubudlelane iphepha ngetyala. Le nkqubo wanikela amathuba ezimbalwa ezongezelelweyo ukulungiselela ummiselo kwezoqoqosho.

Inyanzelisa impembelelo imeko Second World War, nto leyo iye yaguquka ukulingana kwamandla ehlabathini. Ngokukodwa, koovimba begolide zinkulu buzinze US, ngoko ke dollar kaThixo impembelelo kwasasazeka.

Ngowe-1944 yena kuqala wasiwa isigqibo ngokusesikweni imigqaliselo yenkqubo yemali yehlabathi. Kwi Nkomfa UN wayiqaphela engundoqo kwegolide le nkqubo, kwaye idola kunye omhle phawundi ndibize iimali ezinkulu ehlabathini. Ngelo xesha yayisekelwe i-International Monetary Fund. Konke oku kuyanceda ekwenzeni ihlabathi libe lwemali zijikwe, yaye oko kuye kwanceda ukusombulula ubudlelwane ezininzi baze 'ukuze buncothulwe isiphithiphithi ezazikhona ngoko kuqoqosho lwamazwe ngamazwe.

Kamva, Noko ke, le meko waqala ukutshintsha eYurophu, kunye Japan bakwazi yokucima i-US koovimba zegolide, ngoko, izanyazanyiswa isiseko kwezoqoqosho engunobangela inkqubo yemali ngamazwe. i dollar yaqala ukuna, yaye kumazwe amaninzi balile ukugcina izinga iimali zabo wesizwe kunye idola kwi nxaki. US devalued i dollar, kwaye kumazwe amaninzi bafudukela rates ezidadayo.

Ukususela ngo-1973, ixabiso yegolide baqalisa ukuchonga kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nenkqubo lwemali ihlabathi ndabagxotha yempembelelo yegolide. ulwalamano olunjalo ezigcinwe kule mini, nangona amaxesha utshintsho ixesha zenziwe ukuba wayeza kudibana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe.