Vavilov uNikolay Ivanovich: ibhayografi amafutshane kids

Vavilov uNikolay Ivanovich, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane ejongisisa ikharityhulam - le sezakhi odumileyo, yingcaphephe ngezityalo nengcaphephe Russian, ngokuma, umseki imfundiso imvelaphi yezityalo elinywayo iziseko ngokobugcisa ukhetho, umqalisi kwendalo yeseti kumaziko ophando lwezenzululwazi, wazalelwa eMoscow ngoNovemba 25, 1887. Isazinzulu Russian yenze igalelo elikhulu kakhulu kwinzululwazi, ethathelwa ingqalelo zebhayoloji ehlabathini lonke.

Amkhanuke izityalo ukususela ebuntwaneni

Uyise Nicholas - Ivan Ilyich - livela kwintsapho umlimi, yena yokurhweba labakhandi yesibini, kwaye bathatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yasekuhlaleni. Phambi kokuba revolution wakhokelela manufactory mveliso "Khipha kunye Vavilov." Umama - Alexander M. - intombi wegcisa-wokukrola Prohovskoy manufactory. Bonke entsatsheni, kwakukho oonyana abasixhenxe, abathathu kubo wafa ebuntwaneni. Lo mzalwana aselula sisazinzulu elizayo - Sergei Vavilov - wazahlulela physics, yasekwa kwisikolo yiSoviet yenzululwazi ngokukhanya emzimbeni, ngo-1945-1951 koko wabubhekisa the Academy of Sciences USSR. Lo usisi omdala ka-Alexander wakhetha ndlela zonyango, abe ngumququzeleli eMoscow uthungelwano zococeko. ULidiya - udade omncinane, bafunda ukuba eziphilayo, ngexesha elinye zobuntlola wambamba ingqakaqa baza bafa. UNikolai Vavilov, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane umdla abayithandayo bakhe imisebenzi yesayensi, ngokungafaniyo nabanye abantwana, ukususela ebuntwaneni awayezithanda enezityalo nezilwanyana yaye susceptibility eliphezulu ukuya nenzululwazi yezobugqi. Nto ayithandayo igalelo kwiincwadi ezinqabileyo, iimephu kunye herbarium owaba ithala leencwadi enkulu kayise, nokukhuthaza ukuyilwa a imizila yemfuza elizayo.

Vavilov uNikolay Ivanovich: ibhayografi amafutshane kids

Ngokuthanda UNikolai Vavilov, uyise ababhalise esikolweni yorhwebo. Lwakugqitywa yayo, ngowe-1906, waba ngumfundi Institute of Agriculture (Ulwazi ngomhlaba Faculty) e Moscow. 1908 kwaphawulwa uhambo umfundi kwi Transcaucasia kunye North Caucasus, apho Vavilov N. I., kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane ezifunwa ukufunda kwikharityhulam, uphando zokuhlala kunye zezityalo. Ngowe-1910 kwenzeka izenzo kongiwe kwi Poltava kwisikhululo yokulinga, Vavilov intlawulo ngomsebenzi phambili echumayo.

Ebudeni bexesha zokufunda kwi-Institute loluthando yophando olwenziweyo kumsetyenzana babonakaliswa Nicholas ngokuphindaphindiweyo; umfundi banikela iintetho kwi emilibeni yokuzalwa ehlabathini yezityalo kunye wokulinga morphology, waveza ithisisi malunga slug ze, umonakalo ukulima kwiphondo eMoscow. Ukuze lo msebenzi, UNikolai Vavilov wawongwa eMoscow Polytechnic Museum. Emva kokuphumelela, umfana ethembisayo uye ekhohlo ukulungiselela sobuprofesa kwiSebe lezoLimo kwaye sizimisele kwisitishi ukufuya iziko, apho waqalisa ukufunda ngokusondeleyo ezilinyiweyo izityalo sifo ukuba nomngundo, gazi. Okuhamba, uNikolay Ivanovich afundiswe Institute for Women and Agriculture.

Nolwazi kunye namava zaseYurophu

Ukususela 1911 ukuya 1912 waba internship yakhe St. Petersburg, injongo leyo ngakumbi-nzulu Intshayelelo esimi cereals olinywayo, ukufunda iimpawu zabo izifo, kwaye ngo-1913 - uhambo amazwe ukugqibezela imfundo yabo. E eJamani, UNikolai Ivanovich wasebenza kangangexesha elithile kwiilebhu sobulumko isiJamani kunye semvelo Ernsta Gekkelya, eFransi Uqhelene mpumelelo ezintsha imbewu ukuvelisa eNgilani, ekhokelwa uNjingalwazi William Bateson (Enye zemfuza inkulu yelo xesha), nto leyo Vavilov ingqalelo utitshala wakhe, wafunda uzinzo zizifo cereals. LeMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi unobangela isabelo angaluphazamisa, kunye UNikolai kwafuneka abuyele eMoscow, apho waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe isifundo izityalo sifo, ukuqhuba ucwaningo zokukhulisa ombaxa imazi noProfesa Zhegalovym S. I.

Kutheni bafa ngamajoni wasePersi Russian?

Ngowe-1916, UNikolai Vavilov wafumana isidanga master emva ngokuphumelela iimviwo; kwangaxesha nye, ukuba baxolelwe inkonzo yasemkhosini ngenxa yesiphako sokubona (wonzakala iliso ebuntwaneni), wangenisa njengomcebisi ngezingxaki ubunzima ukuphazamiseka xa amajoni asePersi yomkhosi Russian. Unobangela sifo ukwazile ukuchonga Vavilov uNikolay Ivanovich. biography Mfutshane abantwana-2 sichaza iklasi ukuba ungene ngumgubo izicwili imbewu cockle ngundo Stromantinia temulenta, bavelise izinto ezinokubangela eziyityhefu umntu - an temulin alkaloid. Isiphumo isenzo sakhe yaba ilahleko osezingqondweni, ukuxhuzula, ukozela, kunye nesiyezi; kukho amathuba kufa. Le ngxaki isonjululwe inqanda usebenziso kweemveliso bendawo; amalungiselelo zincwadi yaqala eRashiya.

Emva kokufumana imvume yokuqhuba ubunkokheli umkhosi hambo, Vavilov wangena nzulu Iran, ukubeka injongo ukuhlola iisampuli cereals zasekuhlaleni. Owahlwayela imbewu ingqolowa eNgilani basePersi, UNikolai wazama iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukosulela yakhe angumgubo nangexoshomba ngokusebenzisa nitrogen isichumiso zize zenze sifo. Zonke iinzame aziphumelelanga, apho izazinzulu bagqiba ukuba amajoni omzimba izityalo kuxhomekeke ngqo kwi iimeko zokusingqongileyo ifom eyintsusa lweentlobo. Yaba ngeli uhambo, UNikolai Ivanovich wabonakala kwingcinga yokuba imithetho yokwahluka kwemfuza.

impumelelo career

1917 kwaphawulwa ngokonyulwa Vavilov ngayo abancedisi intloko yeSebe of Applied Botany kwi isindululo Regel R. E. namnye izazinzulu abayisebenzayo sifo izityalo, ayikwazanga kuza umxholo wokuvula kufutshane kangaka ngexesha elifanayo ngokupheleleyo ukubalaselisa mba, njengoko wenzayo Vavilov, UNikolai Ivanovich. biography Mfutshane abantwana isixelela ukuba ngowe-1917 ISAZINZULU waya Saratov apho kwi zeeKhosi zoQeqesho Higher of Agriculture likhokelwa liSebe lweenkomo, yemfuza kunye nokulima zabucala. Njengoko uprofesa e Ulwazi ngomhlaba Faculty ukususela 1917 ukuya 1921 e Saratov University, Vavilov ngaxeshanye kunye iintetho Yaza isifundo yolwazi omzimba izityalo. Isiphumo sale umsebenzi omkhulu, ebandakanya ukufunda iintlobo amakhulu eziliqela yengqolowa ihabile, uhlalutyo omzimba iintlobo kunye susceptibility babo kwizifo, etyhila ubuchule yokwakheka, baba yapapashwa ngo-1919 I-ngodaba "Le omzimba kwezityalo kwizifo ezosulelayo."

Ngowe-1920, i- nzulu esidumileyo wenza intetho malunga yomthetho Ukwahluka yemfuza series homologous ukuya yesiThathu Zonke-Russia Congress, iKomiti yabaQuquzeleli leyo eya. Le ngxelo iye yaba isiganeko inkulu emhlabeni yesayensi eziphilayo, kwaye yamkelwe kakuhle kakhulu kuluntu lwezenzululwazi.

Amalinge, uphando, impumelelo

Ngowe-1920, emva kokuba enyuliwe kwisikhundla sokuba intloko yeSebe of Applied Botany and Selection, UNikolai Vavilov, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane leyo ayichazwa kwiincwadi ezininzi, wafudukela Petrograd, apho waqalisa ngendlela enkulu ukuqhuba umsebenzi yesayensi. Intloko mbutho, ekugqibeleni uqambe All-Union Institute of Plant Vavilov wahlala de kuye ekupheleni kuka-1940. Kunye ne-AA Yachevskim uNikolay Ivanovich wathunyelwa eUnited States apho thethwana ubonelelo imbewu, ezincina ngaxeshanye, imimandla okuziinkozo-elikhulayo imimandla US. Endleleni ebuyela sisazinzulu batyelela Belgium, Holland, France, eSweden, eNgilani, apho wayebambe inani leentlanganiso kunye izazinzulu, wadibana kunye nezikhululo namantshontsho iilebhu zophando, eyasekwa uxhulumaniso olutsha wacwangcisa ukuthenga izixhobo zenzululwazi, uncwadi kunye nembewu ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

1923 kwaphawulwa Nikolaya Ivanovicha Vavilova unyulo sokuba nguMlawuli we-State Institute of Ukuhlola Ulwazi ngomhlaba. Xa liphulo ISAZINZULU kwi 20 inani elikhulu lezikhululo zophando, ukufunda kunye nengxaki iindlela ezahlukeneyo izityalo luncedo yadalwa ezahlukeneyo iimeko zemozulu kunye nomhlaba ye-USSR.

An igalelo elikhulu kakhulu kwinzululwazi

Biography Vavilova Nikolaya Ivanovicha kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo matutu lwezenzululwazi, ukusebenza ukususela 1924 ukuya 1929. Oku Afghanistan, Afrika, kwiMeditera, iJapan, China, Taiwan, Korea, apho izazinzulu kongeza nokuqokelelwa imbewu (kumawaka iisampulu), yaza yavelisa amaziko phando izityalo zikhula.

Ngowe-1927, ukwenzela ukuba ingxelo ebalaseleyo "imifuniselo eeNgingqi ukufunda Ukwahluka yezityalo ezityaliweyo USSR", leyo UNikolai Ivanovich eyenziwe eRoma kwinkomfa leengcaphephe kwezolimo, izazinzulu zanikwa ye Molteno Gold, kunye neNkomfa wagqiba ukusebenzisa i Vavilov kwinkqubo yophuhliso izityalo eendawo kwihlabathi.

UNikolai Vavilov Family

Vavilov uNikolay Ivanovich, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane osixelela impumelelo yakhe engummangaliso emhlabeni yesayensi, sele etshatile kabini. Umfazi wokuqala n Nikolaevna Isazinzulu yiSakharov, ngomtshato lowo wazala unyana, Oleg. Wafa eneminyaka engama-28 ubudala eCaucasus kwi ukwenyuka amatye. umfazi wesibini - Doctor of Sciences lwezoLimo, sebhayoloji Elena Barulin ngayo UNikolai eziqhelekileyo ukususela ngexesha abafundi bakhe (1918); intwazana inxaxheba kwimisebenzi ezininzi nomcebisi wakhe (kuquka uhambo ukuya ngasemzantsi-mpuma yingxenye Russia), ukubhala amanqaku, zifakiwe kwincwadi Vavilov ngayo izityalo zasendle. Family Elena Ivanovna kunye uNikolay wadala ngo-1926. Ukususela kulo mtshato wazalelwa uYuri Vavilov, owaba ngugqirha physical sciences zemathematika, yamachiza enyukliya wenza lukhulu ukukhangela ulwazi malunga uyise kokupapashwa kwayo.

Ngenxa nokudalwa Vavilov Institute for Iziqhamo Ukukhulisa, imifuno kunye neetapile candelo, izityalo asabutropikhi, iViticulture, ukutya, izityalo zamachiza kunye enuka kamnandi - ngaphezu kwekhulu lwazi. Ngowe-1930, UNikolai Vavilov waya kwelebhu Leningrad yemfuza waseUSSR Academy, ngo-1931 - i-All-Union Society Geographical.

YokuBamba ambeke

umsebenzi ngempumelelo ukuqondwa lonke Nikolaya Ivanovicha Vavilova haunted kuye elinomona, owabhala ileta eya Stalin ngezityholo zezopolitiko, wabekwa Vavilov bodwa kusukela real ityala ezolimo, ukulalana yezopolitiko apho Vavilov akazange ukwahlula neentshaba okwenyaniso kwamandla eSoviet. ukuziphatha Parallel intshutshiso karhulumente kweempepha. Ukususela ngo-1934, UNikolai Ivanovich kwavalwa evela kwamanye amazwe, umsebenzi wakhe kufumaniseke ukuba ayanelisi.

Vavilov wabanjwa ngoAgasti 1940, ityala kunye nemisebenzi counter-revolution. Ngowe-1941, i-nzulu wagwetywa intambo; esi sigwebo kutshintshwa 1942 ngu isigwebo seminyaka engama-20. UNikolai Ivanovich wafa kwisibhedlele Saratov entolongweni, ukuba ebegula ngexesha entolongweni inyumoniya bakhe, nokuxaxaza igazi; kunyaka ophelileyo wobomi ukubandezeleka muscular. Ukufa kubangelwa kukuwa msebenzi intliziyo. Kokufa kwakhe Isazinzulu Russian iye kwimo ngo-1955: zonke izityholo awayetyatyekwa naye eqamba, zibubuxoki. Wangcwatywa Vavilov, UNikolai Ivanovich, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane umdla inani elikhulu abayithandayo wakhe, ingcwaba eliqhelekileyo, kunye namanye amabanjwa.