Inkcaso Non-systemic: ingqiqo, abameli kunye neenkokeli

Phantse zonke abemi Russia ndivile gama ezifana "inkcaso non-systemic." Kodwa wonke umntu uyazi lwabo umongo walo. Ngokufuthi, le mbono inobudlelwane kunokuba ezikude yokwenene. Ngoko ke yintoni na inkcaso non-systemic eRashiya, apho imisebenzi phambi kwakhe yaye ubeka iinkokheli zayo? Makhe sifumane iimpendulo ngqo zale mibuzo.

Ingcamango inkcaso non-nkqubo

inkcaso Non-systemic - iligunya lezopolitiko uyabachasa ngokwayo ukuba urhulumente ngoku lizwe, kodwa ubukhulu becala kusetyenziswa iindlela ezingezo-epalamente omzabalazo. imibutho efana kunqabile ukuthatha inxaxheba kulonyulo. isikhundla sakhe yepolitiki va nge uqhankqalazo, ngabom isibheno zikarhulumente zizigqibo kwabasemagunyeni, yaye maxa wambi ukubanyanzela ukuba nawokuwisa.

Loo meko kusenokuba ngenxa yezinto ezininzi:

• Ukungabikho ukholo abo bangena non-nkqubo inkcaso kwaye kungenzeka ngendlela yentando yesininzi ukususa amandla ukusuka kulawulo zezepolitiki, ahlala ngamandla.
• izenzo ekujoliswe abasemagunyeni ukuthintela imibutho ethile kwinkqubo yonyulo.
• Kokuvalwa esemthethweni ngemisebenzi eminye imibutho ukuba non-nkqubo inkcaso.

Umba wokugqibela ibhekisa ikakhulu kumaqela ahlukeneyo, umsebenzi leyo eziyingozi okanye anti-karhulumente umlinganiswa. Ukugxeka yabameli amanyathelo karhulumente ngayo nenkcaso non-ngenkqubo akusoloko ezakhayo. Ngamaxesha amaninzi, bayichasa nawaphi na amanyathelo athathiweyo ngabasemagunyeni.

Ukuvela inkcaso non-nkqubo

Igama elithi "inkcaso non-zenkqubo" wabonakala eRashiya malunga ekujikeni yeminyaka. Ngowe-2003, ngethuba lonyulo kaRhulumente Duma, abazange kudlula iqela melo "Yabloko", nelikhokelwa ngu Grigoriem Yavlinskim, kwaye Union of Right Forces (SPS), ikhokelwa ngu Boris Nemtsov ePalamente. In the State Duma kuphela ezo zoluntu ngendlela enye okanye enye inkxaso-nkqubo yenkokheli yangoku Russian. Ngenxa yoko, inani labantu, apho iifayile ezisetyenziswa ngaphambili ukuba njenge "heavyweights" le Olympus kwezopolitiko, sele kushiyeke ubomi yepalamente kweli lizwe. Oku kubangelwa kubo ityala kunye nobuqhetseba unyulo ngabasemagunyeni.

ukungabinako ukuphembelela ubomi iindlela yepalamente eli lizwe, imikhosi inkcaso kwanyanzeleka ukuba senze ezinye iindlela. Baqala ke ukuba alungiselele zoqhankqalazo ngobuninzi ezimilise ukungathobeli abasemagunyeni. Ekubeni olu hlobo umsebenzi omtsha kubo, nokuthandwa phakathi kwabantu liya abawayo, imikhosi melo eseleyo ngaphandle epalamente, kwanyanzeleka ukuba bafune namahlakani benamava umdlalo kule ntsimi. Baba namaqela ngamaqela eliphikisayo, kunye nobume semi-ngokomthetho, okanye akuvumelekanga eRashiya. Eziphawuleka kakhulu kula National yamaBolshevik Party Eduard Limonov kunye Vanguard of Red Youth Sergei Udaltsov. Ngoko, kwakukho inkcaso non-zenkqubo.

Imbali Umsebenzi inkcaso non-nkqubo

Eyokuqala Uqhankqalazo, ekuhlanganiseni "Apple", lo PCA kunye National yamaBolshevik Party, zabanjwa ngoMatshi 2004. Ngelo xesha ke walungelelanisa "Komiti-2008", apho omnye lweendima eziphambili sidlalwe edume player chess UGarry Kasparov. Eyona njongo iphambili yalo mbutho ukulungiselela unyulo kamongameli ka-2008, njengoko ngo-2004, oko kwakucingwa, inkcaso akukho ithuba. "Defence" wadala intshukumo yezentlalo ngoMatshi 2005, isakhiwo kulutsha iqela 'Yabloko "kunye SPS. Enye iinkokheli zayo iikulya Yashin.

Ehlotyeni 2005, uGarry Kasparov waba yintloko wombutho elisanda kwakhiwa - i-United Civil Front. Kulo nyaka wokuqala "Matshi ka Ukwahlukana" lwaqaliswa ngulo uluntu - kwesitalato loqhankqalazo inyathelo, ukuze ukutshintsha urhulumente kwezopolitiko. Ngenxa yesi siganeko, bekunye neminye imibutho inkcaso. "Anyathelayo of Ukwahlukana" rhoqo ukususela ngo-2005 kuye ku-2009. Baye baba uhlobo engundoqo yokubonakalisa isikhundla iqela karhulumente yangoku.

azame ukuba sibumbane

Ngowe-2006, abameli inkcaso non-nkqubo akazange azame ukudibanisa jikelele angumbutho omnye, nto leyo iza kulungelelanisa izenzo zabo eqhelekileyo. Ese yaba sizathu siphambili kusilela aphikisayo. Noko ke, lona kakubi wayo, akumangalisi. Umbutho omtsha sele kuthiwa "Le Okunye Russia". Wawuhlanganisa imibutho inkcaso enjalo efana UCF, i-National iiBolsheviks, "Defense", "Ukusebenza Russia", AKM, "Change". Yeyona "Ezinye Russia" iintshukumo nelungelelanisiweyo kunye imikhosi inkcaso sisingathe "Matshi ka Ukwahlukana".

Noko ke, ukuba ngexesha uqhankqalazo mbutho wakwazi ukwakha ubunzima, umlo seevoti, amaqela abamele inkcaso non-systemic, iqhubeka nokudlala. Ngokutsho iziphumo zonyulo yepalamente ka-2007, baphinde musa bawe kuRhulumente Duma. Xa ukhetho 2008 wayengenguye ummeli inkcaso non-inkqubo enye: Garry Kasparov kunye uMikhail Kasyanov walelwa ukubhalisa ngezizathu zokungathotyelwa kunye neenkqubo, waza wemka, Boris Nemtsov. iziseko kakhulu kwiimbono ngeembono ezahlukeneyo kumaqela inkcaso iye kwangaphambili ngokuwa "Ezinye Russia". Le manyano itshitshisiwe ngo-2010, kwaye brand ngokwayo iye yasetyenziswa iqela wadala Eduard Limonov.

Ukususela ngokuwa "Ezinye Russia" kwi Umgxobhozo

Ukususela ngo-2010 yaqalisa kwisigaba entsha kwimbali inkcaso non-zenkqubo. Ukususela kulaa mzuzu ukuya phambili yena kwakhona bayiqhekeza, nangona ngaphezu kwesihlandlo mbutho elinga ukuzibandakanya. Ngeli xesha, uluntu jikelele sele a Blogger ethandwayo Alexei Navalny, lowo ngaphambili lilungu leqela "Yabloko". Udumo kaloku amanqaku yakhe, babe ekugxilwe lokulwa urhwaphilizo. Ngelo xesha kwi iphiko ngaphambili intshukumo inkcaso kuvele ntliziyo Jose Volkova. Kweli thuba ezinjalo iziganeko ezinkulu zentlalo inkcaso njenge "ngemini yengqumbo", "Strategy-31", "Putin kufuneka uye", "Matshi ka Izigidi" kunye nabanye.

Impendulo mkhulu wayephethe "Matshi of Izigidi" eMoscow ngoMeyi 2012, apho lixesha ukuze lingqamane unyulo Russia kaMongameli Vladimir Putin kaThixo. Action kobunye phakathi kwabantu nabameli nenkcaso kwakhona yadlala indima ephambili. Inxalenye yeenkokheli kwakhokelela nabalandeli babo kule ndawo afumileyo. Apho kwakukho wokulwa amandla zii-arhente zonyanzeliso lomthetho. Kulandele emajele abaninzi yamatsha ntliziyo.

Imeko yangoku

Kukho kuyibika oqhubekekayo baduma ngakumbi phakathi ukwehla kwabantu imibutho emele inkcaso non-zenkqubo. Maxa wambi kwenzeka ukuphuma ngoqhankqalazo, ngexesha kwiintlanganiso, ekubeni revolution Ukraine. Kodwa izenzo ezinjalo ubhalo manqapha kunye unsystematic. Nditsho nokubulawa omnye neenkokeli intshukumo - Boris Nemtsov - zange kungakhokelela ekubeni izenzo mass.

Ezinye abameli inkcaso non-nkqubo ngoku bafudukela kwamanye amazwe. Umzekelo, uGarry Kasparov. Phakathi non-zenkqubo imikhosi aphikisayo ngoku ngangani kwithuba elidlulileyo, yafumana mkhulu lepolitiki uMikhail Kasyanov ebizwa Parnassus.

zezepolitiki

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, imibutho ilungu inkcaso non-systemic, baneembono ezahlukeneyo kakhulu eceleni. Enyanisweni, ukuba amanyene kuphela inkcaso kurhulumente yangoku Russian. Kuba inkcaso non-nkqubo benkululeko ( "Apple", Parnas, owayekade PCA), Socialist (AKM, "Ukusebenza Russia"), isizwe (NBP), kunye nabanye.

iinkokeli

A indima ebalulekileyo intshukumo edlalwe ziinkokeli yenye non-zenkqubo. Makhe sithethe ngazo ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi. Enye inkokeli iphambili yi Boris Nemtsov. Ngaphambili, yena usesikhundleni irhuluneli kummandla Nizhny Novgorod, naphantsi Boris Yeltsin, abekuyo ixeshana, nkqu intloko karhulumente. Kodwa emva kokuba amandla Vladimira yasePutina waya abafileyo ngentshutshiso. Ukususela ngowe-1999, yena ekhokelwa SPS party. De 2003, waye eyinganga yama kwiCawa eponymous kwi Duma. Ngo-2008, emva kokupheliswa Union of Right Forces, laqalisa ukusekwa "solidarity" intshukumo. Kamva, wayengomnye wabaseki iqela 'RPR-Parnassus ". Abafa ngoFebruwari 2015.

Enye ummeli inkcaso non-systemic, ngaphambili watyelela kusezandleni uMikhail Kasyanov. Xa kowama-2000, obeyintloko urhulumente Russian. Emva koko wafudukela kuphikiswa. Nguye lo yinkokeli yepati alilungu Parnas.

Kuba amanani aphikisayo abadumileyo ziquka Jose Volkova. Ngu msebenzi yena igqwetha, ukuze imigudu eziphambili swi kobhengezo. Kwincopho umsebenzi wayo bawa ku-2011-2012.

Alexei Navalny - Blogger ezaziwayo-kakuhle, abahlalutyi izikimu karhulumente kunye norhwaphilizo eziveza. Yena owayekade elilungu leqela "Yabloko", kodwa emva koko ngaphandle kulo. Nangona isibakala sokuba Navalny yi ekugxekeni kweloo urhwaphilizo kurhulumente, wagwetyelwa nokutyiwa yepropati efunyenwe isigwebo esixhonyiweyo. Noko ke, amalungu inkcaso bakholelwa ukuba ityala lamanga.

Garry Kasparov - edume ihlabathi chess indoda efuna undikho, nayo uthatha indima ebonakalayo iintshukumo zoqhankqalazo. Ingakumbi esebenzayo - emva 2005. Waba umqalisi engundoqo intshukumo FMG, kwakunye "Matshi ka Ukwahlukana". Okwangoku, wamshiya eRashiya.

imizwa Public

Kuluntu kukho uluvo kunokuba ingacaci kwiinkokeli inkcaso non-nkqubo. udumo lwabo liyehla, kunye nomgangatho wenkxaso ye abasemagunyeni - uyakhula. Nkqu abathile kwabo bantu abanganelisekanga iintshukumo urhulumente ngoku, bakholelwa ukuba akukho nkokheli kunokukhokelela ilizwe ngesidima eliphikisayo non-nkqubo. ukukhala Public ukuba amazwi athi intloko Chechnya, Ramzan Kadyrov, a non-system inkcaso. Lasasaza iindlela ezininzi TV. Wathi ukuba iinkokeli inkcaso uzama ukufumana uzuko kwi ukugxeka umongameli Russia kunye nemeko yezoqoqosho enzima kwelo zwe, ukuba mbuso. Kuba oku kufuneka bagwetywe ngokomthetho. Loo nto ithetha Kadyrov aphikisayo non-nkqubo, kuba ibonakalisa izimvo inxalenye enkulu yabemi.

Ngelo xesha linye kumele kuthiwe ukuba kukho icandelo elithile yoluntu, nto leyo exhasa ngokupheleleyo izenzo enesihlwitha imikhosi inkcaso.

amathuba

Ikamva non-nkqubo nenkcaso kunokuba mbaxa. inkxaso yakhe phakathi ngabavoti ngokuya ukuwa. Amathuba ukuba abameli inkcaso liya kuba nako ukungena epalamente, kufutshane zero. Nabunye kuphikiswa phakathi kwemibutho ngamnye omelele kakhulu, kunye neemanyano - isimo. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba uninzi urhulumente Russian uxhomekeke kubungakanani begalelo olenzayo uya komelela yoqhankqalazo isimo eluntwini. Ukuphakamisa umgangatho wokuphila unako ngakumbi ukunciphisa indima eliphikisayo.