Injini hydrogen, "Toyota". Toyota Mirai hydrogen-piston

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, phantse zonke automakers zehlabathi bethatha ekuphuhliseni iimoto ezisebenza kwisibaso ecocekileyo. Iingcali zithi kwiminyaka 15-20 ihlabathi Destop ngokupheleleyo kule indlela yothutho. Nangona ubunkokheli kulo mzekelo kugcina inkampani "Toyota". Emva kokukhululwa edume "Primus" Japanese baye bagqiba ukuya phambili nokuphuhlisa imoto okusingqongileyo - Toyota Mirai hydrogen-anikwe amandla. Kwinqaku lwanamhlanje siza kujonga zonke iinkalo zonke izinto ezintsha, kwaye badwelise izinto ezingalunganga zokusetyenziswa iimoto hydrogen.

feature

"Toyota ihlabathi" - le yenye yezona imoto ekunokungena zokuqala Japanese ezenziwe ukuba inkampani yagqiba ukuvelisa yandile abaninzi. Hi ndlela leyi, isigqibo ukubiza kule modeli Mirai sasifanelekile, ngokuba Japanese lithetha "Ikamva Enyulu". Umenzi ubanga ukuba hydrogen yokuqala kwimveliso Toyota Ngokungafaniyo kunezixhobo ngamandla ezinkulu bucala, nto leyo eya kuba-480 leekhilomitha. Oku kakhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba isetyenziswe imihla ngemihla esixekweni, yaye intsapho ukuhamba imigama emide. Kodwa lokuhamba-elide kude, kodwa benza kwi imoto uya kuba akwenzeki. Kwaye umbuzo apha ayikho kuyilo kukuthembeka (njengesiqhelo, i yaseJapan wenza imoto ngokomgangatho "ngonaphakade"), kwaye xa kungekho izikhululo yokuzaliswa kuyimfuneko. Kodwa siza kuxubusha le kamva.

okunika umdla

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba i "ihlabathi" ayikho imoto wehlabathi wokuqala injini hydrogen. "Toyota" liye ngokuphuhlisa iimodeli hybrid yeemoto ukususela ngowe-1997 ukuya phambili. Kwaba ngoko ukuba uluntu ehlabathini babona imoto kuqala nge injini hydrogen ngohlobo FCHV SUV ongumzekelo mbono. Noko ke, ukuze isebenze weqonga kuthotho elikhulu-isikali i yaseJapan akabanga nabuganga. Amaninzi, i-Jeep zingafumaneka kumaziko oluntu kunye nemibutho inxaxheba kuvavanyo olu hlobo zothutho. Ke kaloku, injini hydrogen idibanisa BMW kunye Toyota. AmaJamani wangena isivumelwano kunye iinjineli isiJapan ukuya ku-2020 isicwangciso ukudala eco-friendly iBMW Iperoksayidi 7 Series entsha.

Kwizazi Hydrogen Car

Ukuze uzenzele iingenelo. Okokuqala, le injini hydrogen ayikhuphi naziphi na izinto ezingcolisayo, ngokungafaniyo diesel nepetroli. Kubalulekile ukuphawula, kunye nendleko aphantsi ukusebenza kwalo hlobo zothutho. amafutha ezingeyomfuneko (hydrogen) lingalungiswa zombini abavelisi bolimo abakhulu. Oku kuya ukulungisa ngokuphawulekayo le meko kunye ezitshintsha-tshintsha amaxabiso amafutha kunye linge ukwaba izibonelelo zamandla ehlabathini.

Yintoni na ezingeloncedo injini amafutha hydrogen?

Ngoku makhe sithethe iziphene. Ingqalelo igalelo elibi iphambili yale indlela yothutho eyiyeyona ukuba injini hydrogen ( "Toyota FCV» kuquka) iziqhushumbisi ngaphezu Classic idizili kunye nepetroli noogxa. Oku kungenxa ikhemikali ubume ekhethekileyo hydrogen. Hi ndlela leyi, ukongeza dubulo kuyo luphawulwa hexa eliphezulu. Olu phawu nzima kakhulu ukuthutha kunye nokuchitha yeemoto kunye hydrogen. Kwakhona, iingcali zithi nokugcinwa sesityalo uya kuba imali eninzi ngaphezu umzekelo kutywinwe iintanda idiesel lwangaphakathi injini yokutsha (ngenxa yokuba inani elincinane iingcali kule abasebenzi field). Kakade ke, ukunqongophala hydrogen babangele izikhululo. Xa ihlabathi ukusetyenziswa enjalo ezimbalwa kuphela kuba lezi zimoto ngoku kunzima kakhulu (ingakumbi njengoko ixesha kunye nomatshini onjalo angaba kuphela ngoncedo nezixhobo ezizodwa).

imiba supply

Eyona ngxaki yeemoto hydrogen - akukho kwisikhululo igesi, apho ke ukuba amanye. Kungenxa yoko le nto iimoto ihlabathi ngakumbi ezifanelekileyo zombane, njengoko icala ukusuka kugesi odongeni eziqhelekileyo, kwaye nkqu on the go, ukuba kukho panel solar phezu kwendlu. Kodwa imveliso izitishi hydrogen sele ikhula. Thina sele siyazi zamacebo olunjalo izikhululo 20 California. Ukuba intengiso kukhula, inani lezikhululo irhasi uya kabini. Hi ndlela leyi, le meko wakhethwa hayi ngaphandle sizathu - iqala e California uya kuqalisa intengiso hydrogen "Toyota". Kodwa ukuthengiswa ziya kuxutyushwa kamva kweli nqaku, kodwa ngoku makhe sijonge ingaphandle izinto ezintsha.

design

Ukubonakala i "Toyota Mirai" omtsha gqitha. Ngoko nangoko ngokubothusa iliso elikhulu "phambi" ndlongondlongo kunye nesivuno arhabaxa ububanzi izibane oluthambekileyo. grille - oku mhlawumbi yeyona nto incinane ezingabalulekanga ukuba ingaphandle. Kwangalo intwana encinane enjalo yeplastiki, i yaseJapan likwazile ukubeka logo yayo uphawu, kwenziwe style Konqueror. I imoto has indawo elungileyo neglasi. Oku kuyinyaniso ingakumbi ifestile. Umqhubi akayi kuziva "imimandla abafileyo" ekubeni zonke iziganeko ezingqonge zibonakale ngoku nje. Umzimba zombini imigca emboxo kwaye agudileyo, ashukimisayo. Konke oku kwenza imbonakalo sedan kukhiwa kakhulu, mihla ezizodwa.

ingaphakathi

Inxalenye engaphakathi isithuthi ukuba isiphekepheke - ubunzima amaqhosha, imiboniso, abenzi boluvo kunye nezinye izinto. Yintoni umdla kukuba, i yaseJapan sagqiba ukuchitha imali kuphuhliso iinketho ezimbini layout langaphakathi - kuba Europe kunye kurhwebo lwasekhaya. Ingxaki lobeko esungulayo bagqiba kakhulu nje ngokubeka zonke izixhobo inkcazelo ebalulekileyo phakathi inomzimba. Indawo yolawulo ibekwe kufutshane kakhulu ifestile, alaneke ngaphesheya ububanzi. Kude kuye, wabeka omkhulu kwi-ibhodi computer, apho mayixhotyiswe umkhangeli umsebenzi eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi. Ngezantsi kwawo kukho omnye umboniso. A isabelo komoya ezimbini ububanzi. Kunjalo kabili kwicala ngalinye kwi esipilini, kuphela chrome Umqukumbelo kwikona. Le ivili kwakhona mayixhotyiswe iqhosha remote control. Gearshift liqhina kule ndlwana apho - mhlawumbi usebenzisa CVT okanye transmission oluzenzekelayo. Izithethi zibekwe emnyango, kwakunye zokulawula window yombane. Le ivili unalo ukubambelela kakuhle. Ngokubanzi, i-layout elingaphakathi ergonomic kakhulu. Kwaye nkqu nangona amaninzi amaqhosha (ingakumbi xa ucinga ukuba isiqingatha sabo wetatshi), akayi nekhabhoni izinto ezingeyomfuneko yaye othile kubonakala isicefe.

iimpawu technical

"Toyota" wavelisa imoto nge injini hydrogen kokuba unikezelo elikhulu igunya. Lo mzi-mveliso, enamandla, kubavelisi, kuya kuba 153 enjini, nto leyo ngokwaneleyo olu didi yemoto. Kwelinye iinjini musa ukuthetha Japanese, yaye, mhlawumbi, imarike uya kuza enye kuphela loyamano izinto ezintsha ukusuka unit 153-womelele friendly nokusingqongileyo. I-injini hydrogen ( "Toyota Mirai" for 2015) isebenza iiseli ezikhethekileyo isibaso. Ngaphakathi basabela wokugqibela kwenzeka, kunye inxaxheba hydrogen neoksijini. Ngenxa yentsebenziswano wemichiza uvelisa energy enamandla ukuba izibaso i-injini yombane.

Dynamics kunye neendleko zokusebenza

Umenzi ithi iimpawu enefuthe ngayo i-Toyota kunye injini hydrogen akukho eyahlukileyo kunoogxa babo ipetroli. Unikezelo ukusuka kwiqanda ukuya 'amakhulu "kuqikelelwa kwi imizuzwana 9. Kwangaxeshanye, iinjineli baphawula umdla ixabiso eliphantsi. itanki ukuzaliswa Price 1 ngekhilomitha nganye iya kuba-10 kuphela iisenti. Ngoko ke, ukuze ukuqhuba imoto kweekhilomitha ikhulu, kufuneka uchithe 10 kuphela eerandi. Imoto ungazalisa kwimizuzu nje 5.

Njengoko injini iyasebenza ku hydrogen?

Ngokuqinisekileyo ngamnye kuthi wacinga siseko ukusebenza kweyunithi. Kulungile, Makhe sijonge indlela injini hydrogen eneneni.

Ibutho yokuqhuba engundoqo emva kwezi matshini i wenkunkuma electrochemical (a iseli fuel). In Japanese ibizwa ngokuba FC Stack. Ngaphakathi generator electrochemical indlela kwenzeka leyo ebangela igcwala hydrogen. Yaba ngeli xesha wavelisa eneji efunekayo, nto leyo ke idluliselwe kwi ibhetri compact. uthwele aba umsebenzi ngamandla yombane, nto leyo ekhokelela imoto ngezenzo. Ziziphi uhlobo senkunkuma injini hydrogen? "Toyota ihlabathi" esazi ngokuba umatshini ucocekile ngenxa yayo umbhobho zeemoto ukuqhubeka na igesi kunye namanzi eziqhelekileyo ezinetyhefu.

Kuxhomekeke kakuhle kakhulu, kodwa kukho amandla ithintela uphuhliso le indlela yothutho. Ingxaki ephambili yeyokuba lokuveliswa amafutha kwiinkqubo iimoto hydrogen okwangoku ngokwaneleyo kwaye zifuna iinkcitho imali enkulu. Ingakumbi xa components hydrogen ekudaleni zisetyenziswa ezifana namalahle, methane. Bona ke kakhulu kunene ziyihlambele emoyeni, yaye ke ngoko sengqiqweni ukusebenzisa ezi iinjini ngenxa "ulondolozo lokusingqongileyo" ayikho. Kakade ke, ukususela ukutshiswa kwezimbiwa kwenkunkuma (amanzi acocekileyo), kodwa ukuze alungiselele, kuyimfuneko konakalisa ngokubalulekileyo ukukhutshwa ezimdaka emoyeni. Ngoko ke, iingcali ngakumbi nangakumbi ujonge indawo yangaphakathi ukutshiswa injini ngoku kwiiseli elanga.

Ke kaloku, hydrogen asisiso naluphi na uhlobo unique zepetroli enokusetyenziswa kuphela olunye uhlobo injini. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba le mveliso kakhulu kunokwenzeka ukuba isicelo kunye Iimoto odidi kunye injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi. Noko ke, emva kokuba indlela enjalo, kukho imiphumo. Isibakala sokuba hydrogen ngu iwuse kwi injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi yabela 1/3 kuphela se-eneji ukuba uza kuvelisa kwiyuniti ezizodwa. Noko ke, iinjineli baye bakwazi ukulungisa le ngxaki. Ngenxa ucinezelo inkqubo nocikizeko basis of iinjini akwenziwanga lifinyele, kodwa kunokuba kunyuke phantse 1.5 ngesiqhelo, ukwenza lo msebenzi amafutha elilungileyo ngakumbi kwaye enengqondo ingqalelo okusingqongileyo nemali.

Kodwa iingxaki sele kuqatshelwe nje kuphela kummandla wemfezeko. Ukuba ukusebenza kwezi njineli bakwazi ukwandisa ngokuphucula inkqubo ucinezelo, iingxaki ezifana lobushushu eliphezulu kwigumbi yokutsha, iivelufa kunye Pistons nokudinwa, abakwazi ukumelana. Ngendlela, xa ngaxeshanye, hydrogen ekwaziyo zakudibana nezinye iinxalenye zeli injini, kuquka lubricated. Kwaye ngaphandle kokuba injini ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ziguge. Ukongeza, ngenxa hexa yayo hydrogen kusichukumisa eziphindaphindiweyo zeemoto kunye khona bile. Ngokumalunga rotary injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi, ukuba ngokungathi isakhiwo esilula kunye umgama phakathi abaqokeleli zihamba kakuhle kakhulu ezifana amafutha ephambili. Kulo mbuzo, njani ingaqatshelwa injini hydrogen luvaliwe.

iindleko

Ngokutsho kumenzi, "Toyota Mirai" intengiso imoto ukuqala entwasahlobo ka-2015. Ekuqaleni, lo oyiphiweyo iya kufumaneka kuphela kurhwebo lwasekhaya, kwaye ehlotyeni iza kuvela kwiimarike yaseYurophu kunye American. Ixabiso eqala hydrogen "Toyota" yi 57,5 amawaka eerandi. Ukongeza, inkampani linikeza ukuba athenge le mboleko imoto kunye intlawulo yenyanga ka-500 US. Ibhonasi kukukwazi ukuba bakhulule kokufaka imoto kangangonyaka kwisikhululo igesi, California.

Nangona akukho lukhuphiswano phakathi iimoto hydrogen Japanese "Toyota". Xa meree, ngoko kuya kuba kude 2016. Inyaniso yokuba ngoMatshi 2016 imarike kuza imoto entsha hydrogen Honda FCV. Kodwa njani ithandwa kangakanani, musa ukuqikelela thina, silinde de kuqale kwentengiso entsha "ihlabathi Toyota kaThixo."

isiphelo

Ngoko ke, siye safumanisa ukuba kutheni esikhethekileyo nendlela injini hydrogen. "Toyota" - enye automakers yokuqala, apho ndacingisisa ukuqalisa ngobuninzi "imveliso nokusingqongileyo" yayo. Nakuba kunjalo, ayilungiseki le ngxaki kunye nezikhululo igesi kunye ndlela ingabizi kakhulu ukuba ukuvelisa hydrogen, inkampani akunakwenzeka ukuba ulinde impumelelo enkulu ukuthengisa aba matshini.