Indlu elisezantsi lokusebenzisa amandla. Umsi indlu: ukuyilwa, ukwakhiwa kunye neempawu

Indlu UMSI imigangatho ngempumelelo kwamandla kolu lwakhiwo, evumela zomnotho kunye nokusingqongileyo, ebangela umonakalo ubuncinane ku-bume, ukugcina ukuhlala obutofotofo. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla obushushu nto incinane kangangokuba nokuba akukho mfuneko yokufaka inkqubo ukufudumeza eyahlukileyo okanye igunya layo kunye nobungakanani bancinci.

amandla standard ngendlela

ukusetyenziswa Energy ukufudumeza indlu yonyaka yi-kweeyure kilowatt ngaphantsi kwe-15 per unit ndawo. ukusetyenziswa Energy ukufudumeza, amanzi ashushu zombane ekhaya-eyonga yi-iiyure kilowatt hayi ngaphezulu kwe 120 nganye unit ndawo.

Xa sithelekisa yokusebenza yokusebenzisa amandla ukufudumeza eJamani, ezilawulwa yimimiselo kwi ukhuselo thermal namandla ukonga 2002 (WSchVO kunye EnEV 2002), nto ingabonwa notyekelo ngqo ukunciphisa kwezakhiwo ukufudumeza. sigqibo lwakutsha nje nge EnEV, olawula ukhuselo thermal laseFederal Republic of Germany, ukucwangcisa izinga lombane amandla yonyaka ukufudumeza izindlu ezintsha kwimo ukusuka 30 kilowatt-iiyure ezingama-70 per unit ndawo.

Thelekisa kwi Russian Federation elisekwe umyinge wokuphelelwa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla yonyaka ndiwafudumeze eMoscow ukusuka kilowatt-kwiiyure 95 ukuya 195 per unit ndawo. ukusetyenziswa Eyona ebenokudlula le migangatho.

Ubuhle bokuba amakhaya-eyonga

Ecodom na ubuhle zilandelayo:

• Intuthuzelo. Inika njalo agcine imozulu mnandi, umoya indlela ekhethekileyo ecocekileyo fresh zobunjineli. Umsi House siba ukulungelelanisa ulawulo lobushushu igumbi.
• yokonga amandla. Ukuba thelekisa isakhiwo eqhelekileyo nendlu zezenzi, le yokugqibela unalo unciphiso oluphindwe-ezilishumi ngaphezu kusetyenziso ubushushu iimfuno ukufudumeza.
• izibonelelo zempilo. Xa indlu akafuni, kulo unyaka zonke izakhiwo rhoqo unikwa umoya, akukho iidrafti, ukufuma, yaye akukho sokubumba.
• Economy. Ukuba indlu akafuni, iindleko zokusebenza yonikezelo yayo amandla uhlala uhlise kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso ombane.
• Ukunyamekela ummandla wendalo. Xa indlu akafuni, ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa eyonga kwandisa inqanaba ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo.

balance energy

Enye yeempawu amandla amakhaya eyiyo ukulinganisela energy phakathi ilahleko umoya okanye transmission nokwamkelwa ubushushu ukusuka amandla elanga, imithombo ubushushu lwangaphakathi kunye ubushushu. Kuba intsalela yezixhobo ezidingekayo ezifana ubushushu ngokupheleleyo umqulu eshushu, izakhiwo compact, ukusetyenziswa igalelo isixando ubushushu elangeni yi orientation izikrini ezininzi (ukuya ku 2/5 sangaphandle square) ukuya ezantsi, kunye nokunyamezela 30 ° kwaye ngenxa yokunqongophala mnyama. Kubalulekile kwakhona ukuba ukusetyenziswa izixhobo zombane zasekhaya kunye kwinqanaba eliphezulu amandla. Kubalulekile kananjalo ukufudumeza amanzi ngokusebenzisa nempompo ubushushu okanye sokuqokelela elanga, asonge kufudumeze umhlaba ubushushu air umzimba. Enyanisweni, Ogqibeleleyo kwisixando kwindlu - indlu kungekho ubushushu-thermos.

Asonge technology indlu

njani le japan kuphunyezwa njani? Umsi House standard kufuna umsebenzi kwiinkalo ezintlanu:

• ukwahlukanisa emhlabeni. Kude izabelo engaphandle, ingakumbi kwikona, lempundu kunye utshintsho amalungu kunye nakumbindi kufuneka baziphathe ngendlela apho inani transfer bubushushu ngaphantsi kwe 0,15 W / m ² · K.
• Ukungabikho kwo thermal. Kunqweneleka ukuba siphephe inclusions lokubamba ubushushu. inkqubo ethile yokubala intsimi lobushushu liya ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo acazulule indawo kukuba iveza izakhiwo ngokukhuselwa izakhiwo kunye nokwenza zabo ezilandelayo.
• Ezingqinisisiweyo eco isixando iifestile kakuhle. Double ephantsi Injengokubengezela emissivity ezaliswe igesi egalelwe, abantu kangangoko ukuba izindlu ezinjalo. ufakelo abafanelekayo ngamacebo window.
• yomatshini nokuvuselela ubushushu (hayi ngaphantsi kwe-75%), atywinwe imvulophu engaphakathi. Ukuchongwa ukuphelisa ezivuzayo kuqinisekiswa Kungovavanyo automated komoya permeability kwezakhiwo. Comfort umoya, nelawulwa yi umsebenzisi. Ukufakelwa miso bomhlaba ubushushu.

Formation eRussia

EYurophu, ulwakhiwo asonge umgangatho indlu lisetyenziswa ezininzi, yaye Russian Federation, uyilo kunye nolwakhiwo lwe amandla izakhiwo kuphela xa usaqala.

Izindlu bazifezekisayo iimfuneko imigangatho ngempumelelo kwamandla apha okwangoku, kodwa sele unayo isakhiwo kufutshane umgangatho. Ziqulethe imigaqo, izinto, iindlela yokubala ekhaya-eyonga.

Kwakhona, malunga Russian Federation, wadala izakhiwo zokuhlela ucoselelo energy:

• indlu UMSI - ukufudumeza lisebenzisa umbane ongaphantsi kwe-15, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla iyonke yonyaka - hayi-kweeyure kilowatt ngaphezulu kwe 120 nganye unit INGINGQI;
• indlu ultra-phantsi ukusetyenziswa - ukusetyenziswa kwamandla yonyaka ukufudumeza - 16-35, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla iyonke yonyaka --kweeyure kilowatt ngaphantsi kwe 180 per unit ndawo;
• indlu ukusetyenziswa low eneji - isakhiwo kunye nombane yonyaka iimfuno ukufudumeza - 36-50, kwaye ukusetyenziswa ngonyaka eneji iyonke --kweeyure kilowatt ngaphantsi kwe 260 per unit ndawo.

History of uphuhliso

Mid-90 zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini yabalasela isiseko e Darmstadt, eJamani, intsebenziswano "Umsi House". Abakhi Vestermauer and BoTT, Ridder ekhokelwa Wolfgang Feist chetyrohkvartirny indlu eyenzelwe, nto leyo eyaba kwase kuzo zonke izindlu ezonga umbane elandelayo. indlu UMSI kwakhiwa ngo-1991 kunye inxaxheba kurhulumente Hessen. ukusetyenziswa ngonyaka ka izakhiwo ukufudumeza - ngaphantsi kwe-1 ilitha amafutha nganye unit ndawo.

Iimpawu design

Luyilo izindlu nje zagqitywa design izixazululo elandelayo.

Udonga olungaphandle ngezitena silicate maleko 175 mm angqingqwa zigqunyiwe Styrofoam 275 mm, ngaphakathi akugqiba gypsum udaka ubukhulu-15 mm ezintathu nocamba lodonga ngestibhiya elandelayo.

Uphahla alekwe wamatye, filter umaleko, ichipboard-50 mm ubukhulu, luqiniswe imiqadi ngomthi, natywinwa polyethylene umboniso, yambathisiwe ngomaleko yezimbiwa uboya 445 mm ubukhulu,-sangqa ezintathu wayigqiba plasterboard kunye lodonga ngestibhiya elandelayo.

kwesakhiwo zidlulela eziphathekayo 160 mm, 250 mm zigqunyiwe istro iipleyiti, yokugquma-40 mm, 50 mm kunye screed ukuya kwi-15 mm parquet.

inqaku Window ezintathu, ndlela-ezimbini esezantsi-emissivity ukutyabeka, amagumbi Interface kuzaliswa-. Wooden ifreyimu lyu amagwebu usambathisa.

recovery ubushushu iyaphunyezwa counterflow sokufudumeza kwigumbi elingaphantsi kwendlu. Iimoto First DC zazisetyenziswa kunye utshintsho elektroniki.

amanzi ashushu inikezelwa flat abaqokeleli ongenawo kwindawo 5.3 macala onke. imitha nganye tyaba (66% zinika iimfuno DHW) kunye compact udonga-imvelaphi inyuselwa amafu kwibhoyila kunye igesi yendalo. imibhobho DHW babekwa nwebu ubushushu ezingasese kakuhle.

Lawula imilinganiselo

Ekugqityweni zokwakha kunye kokugunyaziswa kwesakhiwo zabakho imilinganiselo lihlole ukungena komoya, uvavanyo koxinzelelo, imilinganiselo lula lobushushu kwaye itye namandla. Baqinisekisa ukuba ekuphumeleleni injongo.

ukusetyenziswa ngonyaka yamandla thermal ukufudumeza ngo-1991-1992 wayelingana-iiyure kilowatt 19.8 per unit ndawo, nama-8% lombane zokuhlala eziqhelekileyo lwezindlu. Ngowe-1992-1993, ukusetyenziswa ngonyaka liye kutsho ku-iiyure kilowatt 11.8 per unit ndawo (5.5% lombane yeeflethi, esithathwe ukulinganisa). Kamva, ukusetyenziswa yehle iiyure-kilowatt ngaphantsi kwe-10 kwiyunithi nganye indawo ngonyaka ngamnye.

Amanani zizincinci ukuba iingcali yabo ixesha elide ngendlela engeyiyo. Ukuncitshiswa kakhulu iindleko zamandla, enama-90%, kufikelelwe ngokusebenzisa oluphezulu lwe electronics.

La mava German belibolekiwe yi abayili Finnish kunye nabayili bezakhiwo abavela kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Ukususela ngoko, ihlabathi wakha ngaphezulu kwama-40,000 kwisixando eco-amakhaya.

ukwakhiwa indlu ubukele Russia

izinto ezininzi usebenzisa imigangatho esisiseko apho izindlu nje zakhiwa okanye ziphunyezwe kuye kwakhiwa i-Russian Federation e Moscow, eSt Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod kunye Yekaterinburg. Iiprojekthi ezithile eziza kuxoxwa kamva.

Le projekthi kwingingqi eMoscow

Phakathi izakhiwo ngamnye kunye neeprojekthi ukusetyenziswa amandla ziquka "Active Indlu" kummandla eMoscow, nayo leyo shushu nje.

Active leNdlu isakhiwo kunye nemigangatho eyahlukeneyo ngempumelelo kwamandla, kodwa intuthuzelo enkulu, eziphuculweyo kunye nenkqubo yolawulo imozulu oluzenzekelayo 'ikhaya smart "indlu, besebenzisa imithombo ye-eneji ehlaziyekayo kunye nococeko esingqongileyo.

Le projekthi sagqitywa ngowe-2011. Imele kwenziwe abemi 5 isakhiwo indawo 229 yezikwere, imigangatho ezimbini, kwisakhelo esenziwe ngomthi, zigqunyiwe kunye Iizilebhu ambiwa uboya ISOVER, dormers VELUX, zamafu izakhiwo uthango engaphandle 550-650 mm, uxhathiso ubushushu ngophahla nangeendonga 12, umgangatho 14 (m ² · ° C) / Watt. Izinga komoya - amaxesha 0.4 ngeyure nganye. ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuphela ukufudumeza kulo nyaka yi-38, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla yonke - 110 kWh nganye unit indawo ngonyaka ngamnye.

Le projekthi in Nizhny Novgorod

Omnye umzekelo iprojekthi ekunye ukusetyenziswa ubushushu ultra-ephantsi ukufudumeza eco-indlu KUKUFUTSHANE Nizhny Novgorod, yagqitywa ngowama-2012.

Le ndawo isakhiwo enemigangatho emibini ye 141 square metres. imitha, kubalwa ngenxa abantu abane, ngaba isakhiwo ngokohlobo kwiplanga, Iizilebhu ekwanti ambiwa uboya ISOVER, iprofayili window REHAU GENEO, iiglasi ezintathu, ukumelana transmission ubushushu, 8.7 iindonga, uphahla 12.8, 8.9 m sex ² · ° C / Watt. ngenkqubo Applied Zehnder ngempumelelo recovery ubushushu-84% yaye izinga utshintsho umoya amaxesha 0.3 ngeyure nganye. Yonyaka ukutyiwa ukufudumeza amandla yi-33 kWh nganye unit ndawo.

izindlu ezingekho mgangathweni - utshaba wemfezeko

Ukususela ekuqaleni kanye ingcamango eco isixando kucingelwa ukuba iindleko zindlu iya kulingana okanye kancinci ibiza ngaphezu iindleko eziqhelekileyo. Olona luvo lungunobangela oku ku zamaxabiso aphantsi sokwakha, eseleyo ngokupheleleyo ixabiso, umgangatho kunye imbuyekezo ngokukhawuleza kwiindleko.

Eyona njongo ephambili mngeni uthwele indleko yokwakha amaziko anjalo kwi-Russian Federation kunye nokwakhiwa kwezindlu eziqhelekileyo. Ukubana emizi elite kwicandelo ubunzima-eyonga akuyi kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuya kufuna, ukongeza ekuqeqeshweni nabayili bezakhiwo, kunye nokufumaneka abakhi kwinqanaba izakhono ezifunekayo, ukusetyenziswa zokufunda ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nenqanaba zeteknoloji izixhobo kunye nezinto kunye neempawu ezithile.

kwicandelo zokwakha Mass eRashiya bakhetha ukunciphisa iindleko kwezindlu ngenxa yokusetyenziswa izinto libya nokubulaleka manual semi-abanezakhono. Logama nje iinketho ezinjalo, lenguqu ukuya phezulu-zobugcisa-eyonga ukwakhiwa kwezindlu abaninzi kubonakala ngokoqobo.

Ngamathuba Russia

Ukuncitshiswa ecwangcisiweyo-40% lwemigangatho yokusebenzisa amandla 2020, kujongwe ukuba baphinde bakuthembe ngakwicala ubugcisa ezonga umbane. Oqhelekileyo ukumelana thermal iya kwanda ukusuka 0.52 ukuya 0.8 m ² · ° C / W, yaye emva koko - ukuba 1.0. Ukusebenzisa recovery kwiinkqubo umoya uya kuba enyanzelekileyo. Ngeli xesha, kubalulekile ukuba ukuziqhelanisa nokuzalisekisa amava amazwe. Ngo-2020, kulindeleke ukuba ukwakhiwa ezininzi izindlu kwisixando sokwenziwa. Ngelo xesha kuya kudala iimeko eziyimfuneko: iBhanki iphuhlise inkqubo imali ngokukhetha, abayili, abaphuhlisi kunye abakhi bafunda ubuchwepheshe obutsha. Oku kuya kuba emarikeni kunye nomthengi imfuno izinzile.