Kwinkcaso transfer ubushushu. R-value

Ubushushu transfer walling - yinkqubo entsonkothileyo ebandakanya පිළිතුරු iimpendulo, Uhanjiso kunye nemitha. bonke beze kunye ubukho womnye kubo. Zokwambathisa kwiipropati uyilo ucingo, apho kuboniswe uxhathiso transfer ubushushu, kufuneka athobele ezineekhowudi yokwakha.

Njengoko umoya baguqula nge walling

Ekwakhiweni ukubeka iimfuno olawulo ubukhulu yokumpompoza ubushushu ngokusebenzisa udonga ngalo ukuchaza ubukhulu bayo. Elinye inani elinkeza yokuyibala umehluko lobushushu ngaphakathi nangaphandle egumbini. Ukuthatha njengesiseko ixesha eqhaqhazelisa lonyaka. Enye parameter 'A' ngumlingani ka transfer ubushushu K - mali ubushushu idluliselwe 1 yesibini ngokusebenzisa kummandla we-1 m ^2, kunye umahluko lobushushu bume sangaphandle nezangaphakathi 1 ° C. I K ixabiso kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu eziphathekayo. Njengoko kwandisa ukunciphisa iipropati ubushushu-uvikele eludongeni. Ukongeza, yokubanda kwi gumbi enokwendela ngaphantsi, ukuba ngaphezu Ebubanzini kocingo.

පිළිතුරු iimpendulo nemitha ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwakhona kuchaphazela ilahleko ubushushu endlwini. Ngoko ke, ngokuba neebhetri ezifakwe emadongeni ebonisa screens ye-aluminiyam eneli. ukhuselo onjalo wenza ngaphakathi lwefacade umoya ngaphandle.

transfer Tshisa iindonga zendlu

Iindonga Ingaphandle ukwenza uninzi kwingingqi endlwini ngabo Ilahleko ye-eneji afikelele 35-45%. izinto zokwakha ukwenza i izakhiwo yokuvalela, kufuneka ukhuseleko ezahlukeneyo ukusuka engqeleni. It has conductivity lisezantsi wobushushu umoya. Ngoko ke, izinto misindo kufuneka iinqobo lisezantsi transfer ubushushu okuza. Umzekelo, izitena zokwakha K = 0,81 W / (m ² · ^C), ngaphakathi ngekhonkrithi K = 2,04 W / (m ² · ^C), xa ngamaplanga K = 0.18 W / (m ² · ^C.) kunye istro iipleyiti kwi K = 0,038 W / (m ² · ° ^C).

Ukubala basebenzisa njengamacala ye K lomlingani, - R-value. It is a parameter nganye kwaye kufuneka ube ngaphantsi ixabiso ethile ngozi, ekubeni kuxhomekeke ixabiso zokufudumeza kunye neemeko bahlalise ndawo.

Kwi K ekwenza walling isiqulatho sokufuma. Xa izinto ekrwada amanzi lenkosikazi umoya pores, kunye conductivity yayo thermal ngokuphindwe 20 ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, sibe sibi iipropati ubushushu-uvikele ucingo. ndaxheleka emphefumlweni emanzi adlulisele kuye ubushushu-30% ngaphezu owomileyo. Ngoko ke, sibonakala kunye nophahla zezindlu ezama izinto ezilula apho amanzi ukuba igcinwe.

Ubushushu ngokusebenzisa iindonga iindawo amalungu ixhomekeke kakhulu emoyeni. Ukuxhasa izakhiwo - nomoya kunye umoya udlula kubo ngaphandle (nokungenisa) kunye ngaphakathi (exfiltration).

baba

khazi engaphandle umoya olungaphambili icwangcisiwe nge umsantsa apho umoya ujikeleziswe. Ayichaphazeli uxhathiso wobushushu beendonga, kodwa linamandla kakhulu umoya umthwalo, ukunciphisa nokungena. Umoya ingangena kungena kwisiphambuka window kunye nemigubasi ngokukrolwa eludongeni. Ngenxa yale ukuxhathisa thermal lwe window kuncitshiswa kwiindawo kakhulu. Kwezi ndawo, ibekwe i itywina esebenzayo, ukuvimbela kuphuma ubushushu yi indlela imfutshane. ukumelana Thermal iindonga kunye iiwindow elilujongano kwindlela ziya kuba ncinci, kwaye ayakhekanga le amafu phezu kwisahlulo, ukuba ubeka isakhelo embindini ethambekeni.

Iimpawu eziyimfuneko ezikhuselayo kunye ugcino lwamandla kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa panel iqebengwana zigqunyiwe, ekhusela yonke phambi kwendlu ngaphakathi nangaphandle. System of olungaphambili umoya zifakelwe kuzo zonke amaxesha onyaka kuzo zonke weathers. Ngenxa akunazo ezongezelelweyo yokugquma "iibhulorho lokulayita" kunye nokunyuka nchavelelo ophilileyo.

Ubushushu ukulahleka eluphahleni kumgangatho wokuqala

Emva kwesiqingatha ubushushu imigangatho ilahleko ukufikelela 3-10%. Abakhi ababakhathalele malunga ngendlela yawo, eshiya abana. Kwimeko ngeyona izithambiso uphawu grout. Ukuba amaqondo obushushu bomhlaba kumgangatho ngaphantsi kwelo gumbi 2 ° C, ngoko, ukugcina ubushushu ikepusi wenza kakuhle.

Ubushushu ukulahleka ngokusebenzisa uphahla

Ingakumbi enkulu ilahleko ubushushu ngophahla kumakhaya olulodwa kunye enemigangatho emibini. Bafikelela 35%. izinto ubushushu Modern ivumela ukukhusela ethembekileyo uphahla kunye nophahla ngenxa yemeko ezisingqongileyo kwaye inyathelo ufudumele evela ngaphakathi.

Njengoko kumiselwe yi uxhathiso transfer ubushushu

Ngengqiqo elibonakalayo, transfer ubushushu ukumelana isakhiwo lokunithumelela olwahlula umgangatho iimpawu zayo zokwambathisa thermal kwaye lufumaneka umlinganiselo

• R = 1 / K (M ² · ° ^C / W).

Iimpawu ibakhusela eludongeni zigqitywa iinkqubo kunaniselwano thermal kwi imiphezulu zayo komphakathi nomphandle wocango, kwakunye kwi izinto isambuku. Kuba ucingo esimbaxa nokumelana iyonke thermal iyakuba:

• R ₀ = (R ₁ + R ₂ + ... + R _n) + _R + R _n .

apho R _{1, R-2, n} R ziimpawu iimpawu kweemaleko ngamnye, _yaye R, R _N - Unxibelelwano lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle kunye nomoya.

ukumelana ezehlisiwe kudluliselo ubushushu

Ukuziqhelisa, Izakhiwo owahlukeneyo kwaye ziquka izinto eqwalasele kunye nezinye maleko zonxibelelwano ukuba zibe "amalungu ebandayo". izakhiwo ukungafani kunciphisa kakhulu uxhathiso wobushushu zendibano. Ngoko ke, oko kukhokelela kwezinye ixabiso avareji R ₀ ^'ukuba ukubiyelwa elilinganayo kunye iipropati efanayo phezu kwindawo yonke. Umzekelo, kubalo Ebubanzini iindonga sakhiwo zithathelwa ingqalelo ilahleko ubushushu kwi window kunye ucango namathambeka, isango, iinkalo ngamnye besakhiwo ngokwemiqathango yenkcaso thermal lifinyele. In umfanekiso eboniswe yi iintolo, lo conductivity wobushushu le slab eziphathekayo osusa shushu ngaphandle.

ukumelana ezehlisiwe kudluliselo ubushushu kumiselwa emva ukuzimisela iziza enkulu ntshukumo fluxes ubushushu ezahlukeneyo. Emva koko, ngokungqinelana ne GOST 26254-84, ibalwa kusetyenziswa ifomula:

• ₀ R ^'= F / _(F-1 / R + F _{01 2} / R ₀₂ + ... + F _n / R _{0 n),} nalapho:

F - indawo isakhiwo ziluvingcile;

F _n - indawo kommandla n-th iimpawu;

R ₀ kwinkcaso transfer ubushushu Uphawu _n n-th zone.

Ngaloo ndlela, ukuhamba ubushushu kanye ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo nzima kukhokelela transfer ubushushu uniform ngokusebenzisa nokunyuka balo.

Ngokutsho GOST P 54851-2011, ngobhobhozo ubushushu ezithile ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo imvulophu sichazwa ngokuthi athi:

• q = (t _ext - t _n) / R ₀ ^'

apho ll t _{n ext} - ubushushu igumbi, selectable njengako GOST 30494, kunye nezinga lobushushu ngaphandle, ichazwa-avareji leentsuku eqhaqhazelisa ezintlanu ngonyaka.

technology Infrared ikuvumela ukugqiba indawo apho ukuxhathisa transfer ubushushu lifinyele. Lo mfanekiso ubonisa "amalungu ezibandayo" apho yenzeka kakhulu ufudumele. Lobushushu kummandla oluhlaza 8 ° C ngaphantsi abanye.

Ubushushu ukulahleka Ekungeneni window

dla Windows inxalenye encinane phezu kwendlu, kodwa Injengokubengezela kabini yokugquma thermal ngokuphindwe 2-3 buthathaka ngaphezu koko yeendonga. Modern windows ezonga umbane kwi ngeempawu iimpawu zokhuselo thermal basondele ezindongeni.

uneempawu zawo zokusebenza window nganye kabini-ngelothe. Omnye kubo luvukelo ubushushu yancitshiswa, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani imveliso nganye lwahlulwe kwiiklasi.

Iklasi isezantsi - D2 - Windows olunye-ezibiyelweyo iglasi Ebubanzini 4 mm (R ₀ ⁼ 0.35 - 0,39 m · ° C / W). Ukuba window siyakwazi ukumelana oshushu iglasi ngezantsi amaxabiso ubuncinane ngasentla, kodwa ayikwazi Cazulula. Ngenxa yokwanda lobushushu amandla ukhuselo windows ezifanelekileyo zokunciphisa ukosulela ukukhanya.

Idlulisa ubushushu ukumelana yeklasi aphezulu - A1 - kukho umbane okonga ibhokisi kabini-negumbi yegesi egalelwe kunye Ipeyinti zokukhusela (R ₀ ^'> = 0.8 m · ° C / W). Zabo iipropati ukwambathisa thermal ngaphezulu kunalawo ezinye ezindongeni izinto zokwakha.

ukumelana Thermal zeglasi kuxhomekeke zinto zilandelayo:

• ratio iindawo Injengokubengezela iphela block;
• ubukhulu ngombhinqo kunye namacandelo umnqamlezo kwisakhelo;
• izinto kunye nokwakhiwa window block;
• Iimpawu zeglasi;
• umgangatho itywina phakathi ngombhinqo uzimele.

Xa ukumelana thermal ibalwa iifestile neengcango balcony, kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele impembelelo kommandla litheni ukusukela isiphambuka kunye Injengokubengezela inkangeleko window lingehla condensate. Xa ukuyinyusa kwakhona kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo umgangatho Ekungeneni itywina. Ngenxa isixhobo thermographic kunokubonwa njengoko singena abandayo endlwini ngokusebenzisa phezulu kunye nelungelo ucango (umfanekiso ngezantsi). Enoba wokusel eyenziwe ngezitena, kunye sicatshulwa mahala komoya phakathi izakhelo neendonga, zonke iinzuzo zabo ziya kulahleka.

iifestile ukheto nge iingcango balcony zommandla ngamnye eziveliswa ngokungqinelana ne inani elifunekayo transfer ubushushu ukumelana R ₀ ^'kunye neemeko zemozulu, inani kunokwenzeka kwexesha zokufudumeza-imini isidanga.

isiphelo

Luvukelo nganye ezinga malungu abantu thermal iindonga kunye neefestile kuvumela ukwakha izakhiwo-eyonga. Xa izibalo iimpawu lobushushu iindonga kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele iimpawu izakhi owahlukeneyo. Ukugcina microclimate kufuneka ukhuseleko oluthembekileyo zonke iinxalenye endlwini, evela kuyo engqeleni. Oku kukhokelela izifudumezi mihla.