Imbali Fakes

yayingabhalwanga imali ababandakanyekayo isekhona ixesha elide. yayingabhalwanga iindlela ezahlukeneyo: kwakunokwenzeka ukuba usike ingqekembe, ukunciphisa ubunzima bazo, okanye umba yegolide okanye lwemali yesilivere eyenziwe ezinye iintsimbi isale kuphela umaleko obhityileyo, kwaye kananjalo ezonakalisa ingqekembe nokunciphisa ipesenteji amatye anqabileyo kwi ingxubevange. Ezi tricks ezisetyenziswa imigulukudu olunye nje kuphela, kodwa ke abantu zokuqala stran.No ezahlukeneyo xa maqhinga ezincinane uziphumezile, ngenkohlakalo batyakatywa, ngoko akukho akwizikhundla eziphezulu ezisemthethweni kunye nenkosi feudal azikhange kohlwaywa. Inkohliso wabonakala phantse ngaxeshanye ukuvela imali. Ubungqina emidala kule - sawo emarmore kwisixeko yesiGrike Dima ePeloponnese. Kwi kwipleyiti kukho V yomhla mfanekiso. BC. e., emxelela malunga ezintandathu abarhwebi ndibe ubhedu ukuvelisa zomgunyathi emzini etempileni, leyo kamva wagwetywa intambo. AmaGrike wazikrola izivakalisi kuphela kwiimeko apho mthetho wakwazi ukubaleka. Ezi liyayishicilela kwenziwa ukuze bafune nabaqhekezi. Ngelo xesha, urhulumente kuqala wathabatha ukuthotywa. Amanzi aphantsi iingqekembe electron - an intsila igolide nesilivere - isilivere added ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba kwakufuneka ukuba kunciphise ipesenti yegolide. Sele ku VI. BC. e. Ukuba zemali ngegolide nokwaleka nesilivere, eyaba phambili okanye ubhedu engundoqo. Ethatha inxaxheba zazinegama imali IiPolycrates of Samos (malunga 540- 522 BCE ...) - enguzwilakhe ngubani edume ngobuqhokolo kunaye. YiSparta, wambulala, ukuba bahlawulwa igalelo kwezi zemali. Nditsho idenariyo yesilivere, lwemali engundoqo uBukhosi baseRoma, ngemihla anzima waba subaeratnym. Ngelo xesha xa ithawula licinezelwe iRoma kwesesibini Punic War (218-201 gg. BC. E.), Le ngqekembe kwawa 4,55 ukuya 3.88 Ngowe-'87 BC. e. Yaye yasekwa yi-arhente karhulumente lokulawula umgangatho eziinkozo evela umthetho praetor Maria Gratsidiana. Ukuvuselelwa ngomgunyathi ezibe kumaXesha Aphakathi e Western Europe. imifanekiso Plain kunye amagama zemali zenziwa nge indlela elula-izithombe ukuba lube lula kakhulu inkqubo VIII poddelki.V. N. e. Xa imithetho karhulumente ekuqaleni aphakathi amakhosi ukuba kubohlwaya abaqashi izenzo zabo ziye zathathwa. E eJamani, nabakhohlisi ezinjalo bathulula etyhidiweyo owondikhaphela pharynx, okanye ebilisiweyo luphila kipyatke.Zakon kumntu wonke. Yenza angawaconganga nkqu sex wamhle - kwisixeko iLübeck Margaret Grimm oneminyaka eli-17 ubudala ngotshintshiselwano njengentsomi Thaler ezimbalwa 1456 yaphosa siphila isixovulelo abilayo smoloy.Falshivomonetchikov kwi-UK ibotshelelwe nakwinyumnyezi esibondeni, baqhaqhe emathatheni kunye neendlebe zakhe. In 1430g. E France, otyholwa ayenza okungekho mthethweni kartel igolide Giyom De Shangrila kunye Fransua De Ron, wabulawa bailiffs yakhe enqabeni kukumkani, kwaye ngaphakathi kwenyanga sisuswa ukusuka Ukuhlasela amajoni karhulumente. Ngomgunyathi waba isithethe elide kunye Rusi.Suschestvovali "ukukhanya" penny, pewter okanye ubhedu "njengesela" iingqekembe ukwazisa imithombo XVI v.Bez zalishumi ukuchonga "ukukhanya" iingqekembe zesiliva isampulu eliphantsi kwaba nzima. Ngo-1611 kwi kummandla Novgorod kunye Karelia iingqekembe ngomgunyathi Russian Swedish benza "abajongene." Baye ngokuba "korelkami obhityileyo" Iindlela ngenkulungwane XVII., Nokuba nakuba izohlwayo ezinzima esetyenziswa abaqashi, eMoscow kwakukho eninzi etotini nobhedu "iingqekembe wabaphangi." Ngokusisiseko, ukuba athengise kwiidolophu zephondo, ngenxa amancinci yolawulo lwemali oborota.V 1656. Urhulumente wayefuna penny sobhedu, apho bafumana sincinci phakathi kwabantu, ngokubuyisela isilivere. Oku lula kakhulu inkqubo lemveliso imali yomgunyathi. Intloko Enkulu Treasury inkosi Ivan Miloslavsky, kuyanyanzeleka ukuba imali zetyeleba sobhedu wayo, wayisa zetyeleba kunye breech. Kwakhona, kokuba ichithwe shock amasela kravshih, bethabathe nabo vzyatki.Sami abasebenzi zetyeleba ngasese wenza imali ngobhedu yayo, ephethe efihliweyo yakhe ukutya. Emva kokuba ulawulo kwi njengendawo sele inzala kwimali, inkosi yaqala flip ngapha kocingo ababehamba imali, okanye ukuginya nje kubo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, nkqu abaqashi abaninzi abanezakhono Abangatshatanga ayiphumelelanga ukuba Zizigqithile isikali umsebenzi kurhulumente, xa uqala ukwenza falsifikatsiey.Naprimer, ngexesha leMfazwe yeHlabathi yeSibini, a ukuguqula elikhulu-scale othathe nemtsy.Izgotovlyali fake iimina British izityalo iphepha ezimbini - enye ibekwe kwi-Czech Sudetenland, enye kwi Rhineland. ababa benza nto ngaphandle ubuqhophololo omkhulu. AmaNazi baze bafuna ngokoqobo niwuzalise umhlaba lo UK ezi iindleko, ukulahla kwabo moya.