Indlela imbi ilifu: kakhulu okanye kancinci?

Hayi imbi ilifu? Lo mbuzo amaxesha ngamaxesha xa ujonga kwi eziphakamileyo ilitye elikhulu yasemazulwini kancinci, kancinci, ngathi abalinganiswa intsomi, bedlula amafu. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, leyo ke into bomntu, ezi imizimba zamanzi zinxulunyaniswa ngobulali, ukuzola, nokuzola. Loluphi uhlobo lwesakhiwo yasezulwini? Njengokuba kubhaliwe abunjwe? Hayi imbi ilifu?

Le ndaba abantu abanomdla ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-18 emva kwexesha. Eyona ukwazi kubo ekhangela impendulo yombuzo "Yintoni na ubunzima lelifu?" Ballooning lwaphaphatheka, waza wajonga imfundo amazulu ngakumbi. Ulwazi lokuqala senkolelo malunga uhlobo amafu zifunyenwe emva kokonyuka le ntaba entabeni.

Yintoni efini?

Ilifu esibizwa ngokuba Wavuka phezu imilambo, iilwandle, iilwandle kunye namanye amaqumrhu kwamasuntswana zamanzi kunye umphunga umphunga. Ukulwela ukuhlale maleko ezibandayo ephakamileyo esesibhakabhakeni, ukuba bangenele inkqubo amafu: ukuba lwehle kwaye ziguqulwa zibe iingqalutye, ziikristale okanye amathontsi (ngokuxhomekeke lobushushu voice). Ngenxa yoko, kwanele ukwenza amathontsi ze kwizalathisi lobushushu -11 ...- 16 ^{° C;} iperi umoya nokuntlalutyisa kwiqondo lobushushu ezisezantsi.

Hayi imbi ilifu?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, amafu Ukuqulunqwa kwenzeka eziFihliweyo, umgama apho ukusuka kumphezulu womhlaba lo 6-7 km. Ngaphezu kwako konke crystal amafu amalungiselelo - kwintaba ephakame 70-75 km.

Hayi imbi ilifu? Photo ekuqaleni edlulisela ubulula okubonakala kunye ukuqaqamba kwale imfundo enkulu emhlophe, ukufumanisa ubunzima apho yanele ukuba ukwazi:

• ukuphakama apho inkqubo amafu ithatha indawo;
• inani umoya liphuma inxaxheba kule nkqubo ukhankanywe ngentla.

Inowuthi ilifu emhlabeni, ubunzima ngakumbi uphawuleka. Amathontsi amanzi abakwazi ukuba igcinwe apha emoyeni ixesha elide ezisezantsi zogqunyelelwe wehle emhlabeni ngohlobo imvula.

Hayi imbi ilifu? Ubunzima uqikelelo Cumulus yobungakanani 1 cc. km, kubonakala ngokucacileyo esibhakabhakeni kwimozulu okulungileyo, malunga 500 iitoni. Thundercloud 25 amaxesha usinda ngaphezu p efana madlavu ezimhlophe okanye imisonto thinnest ezihambelanayo. Kagesi iqulathe ziikristale ubungakanani ezahlukeneyo kwi ibhudlwa umoya kube lula lwahlulwe ubunzima engundoqo. Found kwintaba ephakame 5-9 km.

Ithatyathwa kakhulu enkulu cirrocumulus. Live kwintaba ephakame 10-12 km, zithatha isithuba encinane tye; Eme uyakwazi kutsiba amaxesha 15-16 km. Kungenxa olu hlobo ilifu kuqikelelwa ukuya isiphango.

Kutheni amafu angawi?

Kuyamangalisa ukuba ubunzima elikhulu enjalo edada ngokuzolileyo kwisithuba wasezulwini, yaye musa kuwa phezu kweentloko zethu. Kutheni? Ngenxa kwakhiwa flow umoya phezulu, lubonakala yi xi elikhulu eliphezulu ngaphezu amathontsi amanzi. Ngoko ke, musa bahlale, kwaye ngokuzola ngomkhombe umgama engaziwayo kwaye ukuwa imvula phezu komhlaba ngokukhawuleza umoya buyehla nokuvuka. Kodwa pre-ekhoyo emanzini efini kufuneka ifudumale. Aphansi isibhakabhaka yokusebenza ubushushu uhlamba kwishawa ikhephu Umhlaba okanye isichotho; kwiqondo lobushushu zifudumele - amanzi mass. Njengoko amathontsi bawe phantsi zinyibilika amanzi zibambene.

Ngoko ke, kangakanani, ngokomyinge Umlinganiseli efini? ubunzima eyiyona omnye wasemazulwini, leyo imangaliseke zonke mmi planethi imalunga 10 neetoni.

Lasinda iindlovu ilifu?

Kumaxesha amandulo, yaye namhlanje, ingqimba yelifu lalinganiswa iindlovu. Umzekelo, nobunzima kagesi imalunga 100 iindlovu, kunye nemibane kabani umgama ukusuka kwisiseko ukuya njengezona malunga ne-10 km, - amawaka 200 iindlovu.

Ukuba bazakukwazi ukuyikhupha i-cubic meter amafu nenkanyamba yamanzi uze uhlolisise oko, kwafumaniseka ukuba inkanyamba Umlinganiseli iindlovu 40 million. Oku amaxesha-26 mkhulu inani ncakasana izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni. Ezo Ixabiso ubunzima emangalisayo yahlulwe phakathi amaqamza amancinci amanzi ice ziikristale, ubungakanani inkulu leyo 0.2 mm cross-candelo.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ukwakheka emafini into eyenzekayo inxaxheba imbopheleleko eluthulini, apho amasuntswana kunye amathontsi zilandele, kamva wokusungula ilifu. Ngokwawo, lo mphunga wamanzi azinako ukuba enobunzima zokudada.

Zingaphi bahlala efini?

Clouds babe ixesha elithile wobomi kuxhomekeke ngqo kwi ukufuma komoya. Aphansi Isalathisi yasezulwini lasungulwa uya emoyeni, maxa wambi yayikhona babeziindleko ezinkulu ngemisonto kuphela ikota yeyure a. Xa ukufuma aphezulu amathuba ukunyuka kwezulu, leyo lwenze ubomi ilifu ngamanye amaxesha.

Hi ndlela leyi, amafu musa ayisekho kuphela Emhlabeni. izihlwele ezinjalo okuphumisayo zabonwa Venus, Mars, likaSaturn - Titan, kunye satellite noNeptune - Triton. Kwi ezi iiplanethi uhlobo amafu yahluke ngokupheleleyo yaye kungenxa iimeko ezingqongileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa kwingxelo ezinjalo Venus is sulphuric acid.