Indawo Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan - indawo iimpawu mhlaba kunye iimpawu lizwe

Kazakhstan lidume emhlabeni ngenxa nobukhulu ntaba ntaba, iintlango twisisaka, amachibi iemeraldi, isilwanyana ezizodwa kunye imihlaba zezityalo. Leyo kukhankanywa yimpucuko yamandulo, leyo kweli lizwe kuphela. Kukho kudala umiwe zizizwe zalapho. Oku kulapho kukho inxalenye enkulu Enkulu Silk Road. Ngoko ke yintoni igcwele Kazakhstan emangalisayo kunye unique?

indaba

lisukela emva kwexesha kokubhalwa kwembali Imbali eli lizwe - yezigidi 2.5 BC. e. Ixesha yamandulo ithatha VIII BC. e. - nekhulu V BC. e. Ithuba medieval kukuba kwi V XVIII-iinkulungwane. Elinye ibali entsha iqala kwinkulungwane XVIII. yaye iphela ngo-1917. Kazakhstan waba yingxenye Russia, i-Nogai mkhosi mkhulu kunene, ubukumkani eSiberia, i-Kazakh Khanate.

I sigaba yembali yakutshanje yenzeka ngexesha ekuweni yoBukhosi IsiRashiya ukuya ekuweni eSoviet Union. A Isigaba II baqala ngoDisemba 16, 1991, xa ilizwe waba njengombuso ozimeleyo zedemokhrasi zomthetho.

Ngexesha ubukho imaphu yelizwe Kazakhstan yohluka kakhulu ngenxa yokuqukwa yayo emphaya ezahlukeneyo nezikumkani.

division zokuphatha

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, Kazakhstan, indawo kummandla leyo ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2 square metres. km, yimeko qela liphikisayo. Eli lizwe izixeko ezithathu ngaphantsi republic, imizi 86, 14, izithili 168, iilali 174.

Ngoko ummandla Kazakhstan zezi zilandelayo:

• Akmola.
• UAlma-Ata.
• Aktobe.
• Atyrau.
• East Kazakhstan.
• West Kazakhstan.
• South Kazakhstan.
• North Kazakhstan.
• Zhambyl.
• Kostanay.
• Karaganda.
• Kyzylorda.
• Pavlodar.
• Mangistau.

umzi ezinkulu kuzwelonke:

• Alma-Ata (Almaty).
• Baikonur.
• Astana - ingqukuva.

sezulu

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba indawo Kazakhstan inkulu kakhulu. umahluko Ngoko ke, kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe ibonakala malunga izixhobo lwemozulu, mphandle, amanzi.

Kazakhstan i kude nolwandle, ngoko ngasentla imozulu ongqwabalala nengqele, kwaye iintyatyambo kumzantsi okwentyatyambo ngaphandle lonyaka. I-avareji lobushushu ngoJanuwari: ngasentla nasempuma - -18 ° C, emzantsi - -3 ° C. I-avareji Julayi lobushushu kumantla +19 ° C, kumazantsi - + 28 ° .. + 30 ° C.

Yonke imimandla Kazakhstan ibekwe kwimimandla 4 zemozulu: entlango, nezo zibuntlangorha kunye emathafeni.

ibekwe kwindawo entla lizwe kwindawo emathafeni. Apha kukho ngezantya umoya omkhulu kakhulu. Kwindawo emathafeni ebusika elifutshane ehlotyeni. Spring yenzelwe ixesha lokuwa.

Kwindawo ihlathi-emathafeni naseArabha ibekwe emantla elizwe. Ixesha imfutshane - entwasahlobo. Ubude bexesha iinyanga 3 ehlotyeni nasebusika - ukususela ngo-Oktobha ukuya kutsho ngoAprili.

Kwi semi-entlango emaqeleni eziyimiqwebedu ibekwe ngundoqo lizwe. Ubusika apha zibi kakhulu, imozulu iyahlozinga, ihlobo ngukumkani ubushushu nodandatheko.

Entlango, apho luNxweme ezinkqantosini Kazakhstan, kukho eshushu ehlotyeni elide, umoya owomileyo kakhulu, zasebusika.

ukukhululeka

isiqabu Relative bangathanda ukuba uqaphele ukuba indawo Kazakhstan axabisa ¾ eyayihlala amathafa. Empumalanga nomzantsi-mpuma uyakwazi ukubona kwiintaba ka zeAltai, Tian shan, Jungar Alatau. Ise entshona kwi lweCaspian uxinezeleko. Xa iziko le lizwe yinkqubo weentaba Kazakh melkopesochnika.

imithombo yamanzi

Kakhulu amanzi, ndithi ukuba Kazakhstan, imilambo incinci kunye, inkulu malunga 8500. North kunye kumntla-mpuma ukugeleza Irtysh, Tobol, Ishim. Kwakhona kwi kwintsimi ilizwe elibaleka emlanjeni phambene, Ili, Syrdarya. Xa ihlobo esiphakathi nemilambo eliqela ezincinane koma ngenxa yemozulu owomileyo.

eli lizwe luLwandle lweCaspian. Ukujula kwawo kweemitha 5-7. Ukongeza kummandla Kazakhstan, uLwandle lweCaspian indawo ethile Russia, Iran, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan.

Kwiriphabliki yavezwa 48 lamawaka amachibi ezahlukeneyo ngobukhulu. I bakhulu Balkhash, Zaisan, Tengiz, uLwandle Aral, Alakol.

Enezityalo nezilwanyana

Kuzo zonke iziphaluka Kazakhstan, uyakwazi ukubona iimpawu kuphela enezityalo nezilwanyana zayo. Ngoko ke, kweli lizwe baye bafumana ikhaya labo kweentlobo 480 zeentaka, 155 - ezanyisayo, 150 - iintlanzi. Ezinkqantosini, ebuntlangorha bangadibana ezirhubuluzayo nezinambuzane. Xa emathafeni yiSAIGA ephilileyo, nebhadi, ingcuka, nembila, iimpuku, iimpungutye, iimpungutye. Amachibi kweli lizwe kwakukho weentaka, amarhanisi, ama, amadada, flamingos. Ezintabeni uyakwazi ukufumana amahlosi ikhephu, iibhokhwe zasezintabeni, amabhere, iigusha, nezamaxhamakazi, neentaka ezininzi.

Njengoko ngokuba nezihluma, kukho kwakhona makuqatshelwe uhlobo. Ngomhla kummandla Kazakhstan bekhula yejunipa, amahlathi pine, ezinde, apile, Aspen. Highlands kwahluka esiluhlaza kunye subalpine amadlelo kunye koozintlango, ebuntlangorha - sagebrush-ingca, forb-ingca, izityalo sagebrush-saltwort. Emzantsi uyakwazi ukubona indlela ekhethekileyo enezityalo - tsitvarnaya okanye Santonin umhlonyane.

sabantu

Kazakhstan Area (macala Km.) - 2,724 yezigidi, eli lizwe kwezikhundla kwesi salathisi kwindawo yethoba ehlabathini. republic elinabantu kwi indawo 60. Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukuba abemi beRiphabliki of Kazakhstan iya kuba ngokomlinganiselo lizwe. Ngoko ke, namhlanje likhaya kubantu abangaphezulu kwama 17.098.500. Kubonakala ukuba 1 macala onke. km kukho abantu 6 kuphela.

Kazakhstan umda - ne-Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, China. Kulindelekile kuphela ukuba lizwe ephilayo Kazakhs, Russian, Ukraine, Uzbeks, Uighurs, amaJamani, nangezinto. Njani na imida of Kazakhstan, kungabonwa kwimephu kweli nqaku.

iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo

Kazakhstan idume ezinika yayo. Abantu abaninzi bathi lo lizwe an open-air imyuziyam. Welizwe kunandipha iimbono ezintle ezinomtsalane kunye ezikhumbuzo zembali.

Ngoko ke, wonk 'ubani ufuna ukuba kutyelela e Lake Burabay kwingingqi Kokshetautskoy ema kunye amavo; kubona ubuhle basike zeAlps Trans-Ili Alatau kunye nenkangeleko obubalaseleyo mwonyo Charyn umlambo.

Enye imizi elihle Almaty. Le sise emazantsi Trans-Ili Alatau. Almaty itsala abakhenkethi kunye ensembles bokwakha yokuqala. Kufuphi nedolophu kukho nature reserve ekhethekileyo, phantsi ezabelwe kwama-90 amawaka eehektare.

E Southern Kazakhstan uyakwazi ukubona amangcwaba ezininzi nookumkani Saki. Et ukungcwaba fanele ku Iron Age. Ubukhulu bayo kweemitha ngaphezulu kwama-104, yaye ukuphakama - neemitha-17 okanye ngaphezulu. Akukho ndawo Asia akakwazi ndoqhayisa enamandla elingako amangcwaba zookumkani.

Ukufika ku Kazakhstan, zonke kwabakhenkethi kwakuza kufuneka ukutyelela izixeko zilandelayo ezisixelela imbali kunye nembali ukubunjwa karhulumente:

• Astana.
• Almaty.
• Aktau.
• Aktobe.
• Atyrau.
• Baikonur.
• Balkhash.
• Borovoye.
• Zhezkazgan.
• Karaganda.
• Kokshetau.
• Kostanay.
• Kyzylorda.
• Pavlodar.
• Petropavlovsk.
• Iintsapho.
• Taldykorgan.
• Taraz.
• Turkestan.
• Uralsk.
• Ust-Kamenogorsk.
• Shymkent.

isiko

ke iiholide zikawonke:

• March 8;
• March 22;
• 1 Januwari;
• Agasti 30;
• NgoDisemba 16;
• May 1;
• 9 Meyi;
• Julayi 6.

Ekubeni indawo Kazakhstan inkulu kakhulu kwaye ahlale nabantu apho iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo, iiholide zonqulo Eid Ramadan kunye Kurban Ait.

Phantse wonke umntu uyazi ukuba abantu kwiriphabliki - abantu banobubele kakhulu. Kuba Kazakhs unokuza ngaphandle kokuba umenyiwe, kwaye umnini uya konwaba gqitha. Phakathi iimpawu uphawu le Kazakhs zabiwa ukunyamezelana, uxolo, intlonelo abadala. Zonke ezi mpawu Kungeniswa zonke ukususela ebuntwaneni, ngoko ke urhulumente ukuba akukho zobuzwe okanye zonqulo.

Ngoxa e Kazakhstan imbeko mixed iintlanga ezahlukeneyo, uninzi lwabantu kweli lizwe uthethe Russian. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje baba ngakumbi zithandwa iilwimi Kazakh kunye IsiNgesi. Abemi belo lizwe ingabizwa "Kazakhstani" okanye "Kazakh". Nangona, njengoko ibonisa indlela ngamazwe, emva koko, igama elithi "Kazakh" lisetyenziswa ngakumbi.

wezangaphandle

Kazakhstan ixhasa ubudlelwane kumazwe onke aMalungu oMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo. Eyona abathandana neAfrika nahambele: i-European Union, i-USA, China, amanye amazwe oMbindi-Mpuma kunye Russian Federation.

Ukususela ngo-2005, kwiRiphabliki waqalisa ukuphuhlisa ngamandla iinkqubo eyezoqoqosho neyezenkcubeko kunye Yakutia, Tatarstan, Chuvashia, Bashkortostan, China. UMbuso uza asebenzisane OSCE, CAC, iBhunga eTurkey Ukuthetha States, uMbutho Islamic Intsebenziswano, lo CSTO, ico, EurAsEC, SCO, CICA, njl

Republic uthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi cwangco ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, iinjineli ukusuka Kazakhstan zikwazile Nokwethisa ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5 Iimboniselo e Iraq. Urhulumente kwakhona ibonelela ngoncedo lwemali kumazwe afana Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan kunye Tajikistan.

Ngokusebenza kunye Russian Federation, Kazakhstan usebenza phantsi kwemiqathango Customs Union, ngokuhambelana kunye neMibutho Ukhuseleko iSivumelwano, kucingwa ukuba umbuso lilungu ico. Relations kunye China ziye lula ngakumbi nolusenyongweni.

On intsebenziswano yezoqoqosho kuthiwe ukuba urhulumente ndiziphethe nkqubo esebenzayo kunye namazwe ico, kuxhamle kwingingqi Kazakhstan ivumela kuyo. iimbono politiko Relative kuthiwe ukuba urhulumente uye wazama ukuba abe ngoondilele.

Kazakhstan - ilizwe eliye iphumelele intembeko kwamanye amazwe, iphumelele niche uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe. Idume ukuze kubekho uzinzo yayo kuqoqosho, geopolitics kunye nenkcubeko.