Imithi elwa: isishwankathelo, isicelo kunye nengxelo. Iarhente kakhulu ngempumelelo elwa

Imithi ukunyanga izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kwanokuthintela kubo. Amayeza olulungiswe izinto yemifuno ekrwada, iiminerali, imichiza, njalo njalo. D. Mixtura, Ithatyathwe emigutyeni yonke, amacwecwe, njengezingxobo ekuthiwe yedosi echazwe ngokungqongqo. Kweli nqaku siza kuqwalasela imithi elwa.

Yintoni antimicrobials?

Imbali antimicrobials luqala kwafunyanwa penicillin. Lokulwa iintsholongwane ngempumelelo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, oososayensi baqalisa ukuvelisa antimicrobials ivela ezintweni zendalo okanye zokwenziwa. amachiza zibala kwi "antibiotics" iqela le. Iarhente elwa, ngokungafaniyo nabanye, ibulala Cya ngokukhawuleza nangobuchule. ukusebenzisa zabo nomngundo ezahlukeneyo, staphylococci kunye t. D.

Antimicrobials - iqela elikhulu iziyobisi. Nangona isakhiwo yemichiza ezahlukeneyo kunye nendlela yokusebenza, zisebenzisa inani iipropati ezithile. Bulala "maphela" iiseli, hayi emzimbeni. Umsebenzi imithi unciphisa kwexesha, kuba iintsholongwane ezifana uqalisa ukwakha idle.

Iintlobo zee-arhente elwa

imithi elwa bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amathathu. Okokuqala - oku zendalo (d imifuno, nobusi, njl ...).

Yesibini - semisynthetic. Bona zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu:

• penicillins Antistaphylococcal (oxacillin). Baye spectrum olufanayo antibacterial penicillin, kodwa umsebenzi encinane. Isicelo abadala kunye nabantwana.
• amachiza Broad-omoya. Ezi ziquka "Ampicillin" omele iintsholongwane ezingalunganga-Igram (salmonella, njl D.). Kuba streptococcal akasenanto esebenzayo. Ngokuqinisekileyo nafuthe ezinye iintsholongwane (Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , njalo njalo. D.). "Amoxicillin" kukwabhekiselele uhlobo yesibini. Yeyona zintsholongwane ngomlomo eziphambili ehlabathini. Zombini ezi [ichiza nga kwenziwa ngabo abantu abadala kunye nabantwana.
• penicillins Pseudomonas. Kukho zenyathi ezimbini - carboxy kunye ureidopenitsilliny.

antimicrobials zokwenziwa - Wesithathu. Le iqela elikhulu iziyobisi.

Sulfonamides. Amayeza eli qela bamiselwe, ukuba kukho ukunyamezelana nemithi okanye microflora kubo akaphenduli. Xa inyathelo bakhuthele ngaphezu sulfonamides iziyobisi. Ezi ziquka:

• "Streptocide".
• "Norsulfazol".
• "Sulfadimezin".
• "Urosulfan".
• "Ftalazol".
• "Sulfadimetoksin".
• "Bactrim".

yezabelo Quinolone. Ngokusisiseko, eli qela amachiza asetyenziswa lwezifo yenkqubo genitourinary, enterocolitis, cholecystitis, njl, kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngakumbi kwaye kaninzi usebenzisa yezabelo quinolone entsha ..:

• "Ciprofloxacin".
• "Norfloxacin".
• "Pefloksatsina".
• "Lomefloxacin".
• "Moxifloxacin".
• "Ofloxacin".

Kuyinto kakhulu arhente elwa ukuba spectrum ezibanzi amanyathelo. Abaqiniseki asebenzayo ngokuchasene iintsholongwane gram-HIV. Iarhente elwa ezimiselweyo usulelo lwe izifo iphecana bokuphefumla wokuchama, gastro-emathunjini phecana.

Kukwakho iqela lesithathu avela ka-8-hydroxyquinoline. Ezi ziquka iqela iikhompawundi leyo babe nokubola, anti-olwaye lwamfimfitha kunye anti-yebhaktiriya umsebenzi ( "Nitroxoline", "Meksaform", njalo njalo). Yezabelo "nitrofurans" ( "furazolidone" yaye "Furatsilinom") kunye 'nitroimidazole "(" Tinidazole "yaye" Metronidazole ").

Njani antimicrobials?

Antiinfectives uneendidi ezimbini (on Iziphumo):

• "Tsidny" (bacteria, njengezibulali, okanye protozia- viri-). Kulo mzekelo ukutshatyalaliswa arhente ezosulelayo.
• "Static" (kunye izimaphambili efanayo). Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka linqunyanyiswe okanye kuphela upheliswe lwegciwane phindo.

Kwimeko yokuhlukunyezwa sifo elimisiweyo "tsidnye" iziyobisi. Kunye nemithi kufuneka itshintshwe ngamathuba athile okanye ukusebenzisa kunye nezinye iziyobisi.

Antimicrobials angacela ukuba emxinwa okanye uluhlu olubanzi izenzo. izifo ezininzi zibangelwa lwegciwane elinye. Kulo mzekelo i "ububanzi" beziyobisi iya kuba engasebenzi kakuhle, kodwa yingozi microflora abangabaxhamli eziphilayo kuphela. Ngoko ke, oogqirha amisele antibiotics ukuba 'emxinwa "spectrum amanyathelo.

antimicrobials

arhente Anti-ukudumba kwaye anti-ngeentsholongwane bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amathathu. Main - is antibiotics. Zahlula-hlulwe iindidi 11:

• Beta-lactam. A (penicillins) kunye B (cephalosporins) kunye B (carbapenems): Kukho amaqela ezintathu. Oku ebanzi-spectrum iziyobisi ukususela bacteriostatic. Uvimba kwamagciwane protein, buthathaka ukhuseleko lwabo.
• Tetracyclines. Bacteriostatic, lo Okwenziwayo - inhibition eziphilayo protein yokuqaphela. Basenokuba ngohlobo amacwecwe, namafutha ( "oletetrin", "tetracycline hydrochloride") okanye njengezingxobo ( "Doxycycline").
• Macrolides. Yaphula isidima inwebu ngokuqhagamshelana amafutha.
• Aminoglycosides. Yiba inyathelo bactericidal nokunyhashwa leeprothini yokuqaphela.
• Fluoroquinolones. Yiba ukusebenza bactericidal, zinqanda enzyme bacteria. Ukuphazamisa DNA amagciwane yokuqaphela.
• Lincosamides. Bacteriostats ezayamanisa amacandelo eziphilayo ndizayo.
• "Chloramphenicol". Ngenye indlela - "Chloramphenicol". Kuye zinetyhefu kakhulu ukuba umongo kunye negazi. Ngoko advantageously isicelo ngokwemixholo (njengoko amafutha).
• "Polymyxin" (M B). UMthetho ngokukhetha e flora gram-negative.
• TB. Ikakhulu kusetyenziswa nxamnye mycobacteria, kodwa olunesiphumo spectrum ezibanzi. Kodwa ke la machiza sephepha kuphela iphathwa ukusukela ukuba kuthathwa ngokuba ayisafuneki ( "rifampicin", "INH").
• Sulfonamides. Bona uneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi, ngoko azisetyenziswa namhlanje.
• Nitrofurans. Bacteriostats, kodwa ingqalelo eliphezulu - bactericides. Used ikakhulu lokosuleleka: wamathumbu ( "furazolidone" "nifuroxazide" "Enterofuril") kunye womchamo ( "FURAMAG" "furadonin").

Iqela lesibini - bacteriophages. Bona ziba izisombululo mlonyeni okanye yomlomo (ngamanzi, ukuhlamba, lotions). Ukusetyenziswa kwe-arhente elwa ezisetyenziswa kweli qela kwaye kwiimeko dysbacteriosis okanye uxabane kwi antibiotics.

Iqela lesithathu - kubola. zisetyenziselwa kweentsholongwane (unyango nxeba, umlomo kunye kwesikhumba).

best elwa

"Sulfamethoxazole" - oku yeyona arhente best elwa. Kuye emininzi ebanzi amanyathelo. "Sulfamethoxazole" iyasebenza nxamnye iintsholongwane ezininzi. It iibhloko nethe iintsholongwane kwaye uthintele ukwanda kwabo kunye nokukhula. "Sulfamethoxazole" - ukuhlanganiswa antimicrobials. Kujongwe ukuba unyango of:

• izifo wokuchama (Ngokuzimela, urethritis, prostatitis, pielita, pyelonephritis, ukuvuza ngaphantsi kunye nezinye izifo);
• bronchitis oyingozi futhi ezingapheliyo;
• iphecana zemigudu;
• usuleleko zesisu (urhudo, ikholera, icesina paratyphoid, shigellosis, yicesina, cholecystitis, gastroenteritis, cholangitis);
• ENT-izitho;
• pneumonia;
• izinduna;
• ubuso;
• yamathumba;
• izifo inxeba;
• amathumba kwizihlunu ezithambileyo;
• media otitis;
• laryngitis;
• meningitis;
• imalariya;
• lweBrucellosis;
• sinusitis;
• ithumba ubuchopho;
• osteomyelitis;
• septicemia;
• toxoplasmosis;
• blastomycosis American South;
• kunye nenani nezinye izifo.

Ukusetyenziswa "SMZ" ebanzi, kodwa kufuneka udibane nogqirha, njengayo yonke imithi, kuye eziliqela Izimo kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ihlole ingqalelo yayo plasma yegazi.

abantwana antimicrobials

amayeza elwa abantwana zikhethwe ngononophelo, njengoko esi sifo. Ayizizo zonke Amachiza ezivunyiweyo ukunyanga abantwana.

Group arhente elwa eziqulathe iindidi ezimbini zeziyobisi:

• Nitrofuranovye ( "furazolidone", "Furatsilinom", "furadonin"). Bona anqanda kakuhle iintsholongwane (iStreptococcus, Staphylococcus kunye ezifana. D.) Yaye iyazingenela amajoni omzimba. Asetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo womchamo kunye emathunjini. Elungileyo ukuba abantwana kunye komzimba. Ngaxeshanye iziyobisi kunye nezinye acid ascorbic elimisiweyo.
• Hydroxyquinoline ( "intestopan", "Negro", "enteroseptol", "Nitroxoline"). La machiza ukubulala iintsholongwane ngokuthi ziyibuyisela imisebenzi yazo ebalulekileyo (kwamagciwane nokudumba, segazi, yicesina njalo njalo. D.). Isetyenziswa izifo emathunjini. "Nitroxoline" - kunye izifo womchamo.

Lusetyenziswa kunye nenani namanye amachiza anti-ukudumba. Kodwa ukhetho lwawo luxhomekeke kukugula komntwana. Ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa iqela penicillin. Umzekelo, kuba umqala obuhlungu kunye nezinye izifo ezibangelwa iStreptococcus "A" likwasetyenziswe penicillins «G» kunye «V».

Amachiza zendalo kuchaziwe negcushuwa, izifo meningococcal, Listeriosis, usuleleko lweentsana (obizwa iStreptococcus "B"). Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, unyango sinikeziwe ngamnye, kuthathelwa ingqalelo tolerability.

Abantwana amachiza anti-ukudumba

Xa wezifo aphake amaqela 3 eziphambili amachiza-ukudumba :

• Komkhuhlane ( "oxoline", "Alguire"). "Rimantadine" ayilwamkeli intsholongwane ukuya iiseli. Kodwa lowo sele emzimbeni, awukwazi nempembelelo. Ngoko ke, ichiza kufuneka kuthathwe kwiiyure ekuqaleni nesi sifo. Kwaye isetyenziselwa zokuthintela kobuchopho (emva lokukorekisha kokuba elunyiwe).
• Antiherpethetical ( "Zovirax", "i-acyclovir").
• Broad-spectrum ( "gamma globulin"). Dibazol eshukumisa amajoni omzimba, kodwa kancinci. Ngoko ke, ubukhulu becala zisetyenziselwa okuthintela yomkhuhlane. "Interferon" - kukho into iqala ethe yaveliswa emzimbeni. Oyenza isebenze neprothini antiviral. Ngenxa yoko, oko konyusa ukuxhathisa umzimba ungakwazi ukulwa. "Interferon" ukunqanda izifo ezininzi ezosulelayo kunye neengxaki zabo.

Elwa ne anti-ukudumba ngokuzalwa ngendlela yemvelo

Tablets, izisombululo, Ithatyathwe emigutyeni yonke azisoloko zisetyenziswa ngoko nangoko. Ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa i-arhente elwa, enika uhlobo, ngamanye amaxesha ayithethi ukufikelela kuzo zonke phambi ingalinganiselwa. Kwakhona imifuno emininzi, infusions kunye decoctions Ungasusa iinkqubo arhabaxa. Uluhlu:

• amalungiselelo esekelwe esimnandi, irozmeri, alder, pine namaqhina;
• izicatshulwa zolwelo oki balala;
• Infusions of oregano;
• Wort St. kaYohane;
• officinalis nehisope ;
• burnet;
• yedwa yinyoka;
• isithelo wejunipha;
• ekudleni;
• garlic;
• nomfundisi amagqabi.

Ngaba I self-medicate usebenzisa antimicrobials?

Ngaphandle kagqirha likagqirha ukusebenzisa antimicrobials azivumelekanga ukuba self-amayeza. ekukhetheni okubi yemithi kunokukhokelela komzimba okanye ukwanda yabemi eziphilayo ezingekho ingqalelo ichiza. Kusenokubakho kube goiter. kwamagciwane lokusinda onokuvelisa isifo esinganyangekiyo, yaye isiphumo - imbonakalo kwezifo omzimba.