Iintsholongwane ezimbi gram-gram-HIV kwaye

Ihlabathi iintsholongwane okumangalisayo ezahlukeneyo esisityebi kunene. Igcwele yonke; emoyeni, umhlaba, kwisikhumba yabantu, uxakaxa yayo. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, le ntsholongwane ukuba ayingozi ebantwini, ebangela ukugula kakhulu. Ezinye zazo kulula ukuba aphathe antibiotics okanye ebulala eqhelekileyo, ukusuka kwelinye ukuya bahlukane nzima kakhulu. Ngoko ke, uxilongo, kwakunye nokuqeshwa unyango iintsholongwane Igram-akhabayo kunye navumelanayo-Igram ekwanti. Le ndlela ezincinane hlula kuye kwandululwa ngenkulungwane XIX, kodwa isasetyenziswa nangoku namhlanje.

Izwe iintsholongwane

Ubukumkani eziphilayo zahlukahlukene kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukufumana, ukuze nkqu inzululwazi yanamhlanje iye fundanga kakuhle. Kukho iintsholongwane ezisindayo kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kwaye musa kufa kwanasemva lukanina elide ngoxa abanye besifa kwi utshintsho incinane kwamaqondo obushushu okanye ukwakhiwa kokusingqongileyo, umzekelo emva kokuba kongezwe yeswekile zesiqhelo. Ezinye amagciwane zikhula kwimithombo eshushu methane feed acid okanye namanye amachiza.

Iintsholongwane - oku eziphilayo kakhulu kwaye yande kakhulu ehlabathini. Bona zifumaneka kuyo yonke; phezu kolwandle, emoyeni, emhlabeni - nokuba kubunzulu ezinkulu kumzimba eziphilileyo. Ngaphezu koko, isayensi iye kubonakele ukuba iiseli iintsholongwane ngaphakathi obuntu amaxesha-10 mkhulu zabo. Ezinye ntsholongwane baphila nje ecaleni kwezinye izidalwa eziphilayo, ngoxa abanye ngenkuthalo sokubambisana nabo. Baya kuba yingenelo okanye abangele izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngaphezu koko, le iintsholongwane luncedo engamawaka amashumi amaxesha ngaphezu gciwane.

amagciwane abaninzi iyingenelo. Ngokomzekelo, abo bahlala emathunjini yabantu, ebandakanyekileyo yokwetyiswa awukhusele izifo. Le ezingezoze kunye bifidobacteria. Em- somlomo womntu ekhaya ukuya malunga nezigidi ezingama-40 bacterium, kodwa% 5 kuphela ezi kwamagciwane. Kukho Cya abandakanyeka kwi yokubola lwenkunkuma. Kodwa ke, nangona ukuba iintsholongwane eyingenelo kusekho iintlobo yayintsholongwane eyosulela kakhulu kubo bazise elininzi lokonakalisa, njengoko ebangela izifo ezinobungozi. De kube ngoku, abantu abaninzi ehlabathini lonke ababulawa sisifo sephepha, kholera, uminxano, icesina, izinto ezibolileyo kunye nezinye izifo. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba bafunde nokuba maqhube njani kwihlabathi iintsholongwane.

olukwazi bala

Umntu uye ukukhangela iindlela ukunyanga izifo ezosulelayo. Emva Wayehlatyelwe ubukho iintsholongwane yayintsholongwane eyosulela, oosonzululwazi uzama mabazihlele, ukufumana phandle indlela yokuhlangabezana nazo. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yaphakanyiswa ngo-1884 ngugqirha Hans Christian Igram. Yinto lilula, kodwa ulwazi, kwaye isasetyenziswa nangoku namhlanje. Kule ndlela, iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo gram-HIV kunye gram-negative.

UGqr Igram isetyenziswa sifundo ezincinane idayi emfusa waza waphawula ukuba ezinye zazo efanele amabala, ngoxa abanye - hayi. Kuye kwafumaniseka ukuba oku kubangelwa awohluke zeendonga iseli ngayo iintsholongwane. Ekubeni ezi zinto ziphilayo iqanjwa enye, ubuncinane ezimbini iiseli, kuba oko kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba iqokobhe esiqinileyo. Ngoko ke, iindonga iseli zibe isakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo. Bakhusele okusingqongileyo lwangaphakathi ukusuka kwii-manzi. Isakhiwo kakhulu nzima ntsholongwane negative-Igram. Zinyamezela ukuya kwii-ngamathe, incindi esiswini kunye kwezinye izinto ezimanzi.

Le Igram indlela uvavanyo medium iphathwa kunye aniline idayi, ukulungisa ayodini uze yoxukuxwa utywala. Xa iintsholongwane efanayo Igram-ezimbi olumbhatshileyo, uthabathe Igram-HIV kwi ngombala oluhlaza. Emva iintlobo reparse negative idayi ebomvu ukuze imibala Cya pink, yaye abafileyo zidyojwe ngokuqaqambileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa indlela amayeza

Gram bala ngokuba ukwahlula ezincinane kwi iintsholongwane ezimbi gram-gram-HIV kunye negalelo ekuphuculeni uphando ekuzakuqalwa. Kuyanceda ukuba ukuchonga luvukelo kweentlobo yayintsholongwane eyosulela kwiziyobisi, ukuphuhlisa nemithi ezintsha yokulwa nazo. Ngapha koko, iseli udonga oluluqilima iintsholongwane ezimbi-Igram yenza kubo indiva antibiotics njengesiqhelo. A igobhogobho ezincinane Igram-HIV, nangona obukhulu kakhulu, kodwa akubonakali ziincindi kunye nemithi.

iintsholongwane ezimbi gram-gram-HIV kwaye

Gram bala kuvunyelwa lubekho zonke izinto zibe ngamaqela amabini ezibanzi. iimpawu zabo iimpawu ukunceda ukukhetha unyango olufanelekileyo ngakumbi lwezifo ezosulelayo. Gram-HIV iintsholongwane, nto leyo ngokukhawuleza elinombala blue aniline idayi, uhlobo imbewu, exotoxins, ngoko anobungozi empilweni. Kodwa iqokobhe labo akubonakali ukuba amachiza elwa.

Njengoko ngokunjalo iintsholongwane ezimbi-Igram Igram-HIV, - amagciwane kwezifo ezinzulu. Bona ezizo imbewu, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi ezingenelelayo. Kodwa phantsi kwemiqathango ethile, baqalise cell endotoxins kwaye ibangele ukudumba kakhulu kunye intoxications. Ngenxa esimbaxa isakhiwo yeseli eludongeni ukuba phantse ongenandaba antibiotics.

Umzimba womntu iqulethe zombini ezi ntlobo ezincinane. Umlinganiselo echanekileyo gram-HIV kunye gram-HIV iintsholongwane ukugcina microflora eqhelekileyo lobufazi, amathumbu, kwisisu ngomlomo. Oku kunceda ukukhusela umzimba zizifo.

gram-HIV

amagciwane abaninzi efanele luyawudyobha idayi emfusa, oko kukuthi, kufuneka udonga iseli akubonakali, ukuba ayingozi ebantwini. Ezi ziquka streptococci, staphylococci, Listeria, inegciwane, zeClostridium, mycobacteria, actinomycetes. Ngakumbi yingozi Staphylococcus aureus, leyo wabetha umzimba elibuthathaka kwaye kunganyangwa ngokukhawuleza ekhokelela ekufeni umguli. Kodwa kwakhona luncedo lactic acid ezingezoze.

iintsholongwane gram-HIV ichaphazela iphecana yokuphefumla, intliziyo kwezihlunu, ingqondo kunye nesikhumba. Baqumbisa igciwane ubovu e amanxeba, ityhefu igazi.

Izifo ukuba

Kuyinto iintsholongwane gram-HIV unobangela izifo eziqhelekileyo ezifana ezasulelayo ezifana:

• tonsils, pharyngitis;
• sinusitis, media otitis;
• rheumatism;
• ubuthi igazi;
• pneumonia;
• ukudumba ingqondo;
• anthrax;
• izifo ezibangelwa;
• izinto ezibolileyo;
• umphimbo;
• ngqi;
• nezilonda igesi.

iintsholongwane gram-negative

Zibhale mikhulu, kodwa baninzi ungambuyiseli nawuphi na umonakalo kumntu phakathi kwabo. Ezi amagciwane ikakhulu olungenelelayo. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, bahlala emzimbeni womntu ngaphandle nokumenza ububi. Avamise kakhulu ke iintsholongwane ezimbi-Igram elandelayo. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo:

• proteobacteria;
• Pseudomonas;
• chlamydia;
• meningococcus;
• Brucella;
• spirochetes;
• gonococci;
• Helicobacter.

Amagciwane angadyojwa ebomvu, kuba ifana nayiphi na izilwa-buhlungu kunye antibiotics. Ngoko ke, izifo ezibangelwa kubo, kunzima kakhulu ukuba ukunyanga.

Ziziphi izifo ukuba

Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, iintsholongwane ezimbi-Igram na unobangela kwezifo. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba imvulophu entsonkothileyo ezi Cya ekutshatyalalisweni kukhupho ityhefu ezininzi zisasazwa ngeenxa egazini zabantu, ebangela ukunxila kakhulu. Kubonakala ukuba akukho iintsholongwane yayintsholongwane eyosulela ngokwabo, yaye ingakumbi udonga lwawo iseli - maleko lipopolysaccharide okubangela omzimba. Baya kukhokelela kuphuhliso komtshiso oko. Kodwa ukuba ngumsebenzi lo mntu ukuze, kulula ukumelana Cya ezinjalo, kunye nezifo akukho eyoyikekayo.

Kuba negative-Igram bacterium iintsholongwane ezibangela: ukuvuza ngaphantsi, negcushuwa, meningitis kunye izifo zemiphunga. iintsholongwane ngakumbi oqhelekilyo buyout unobangela ukusilela bokuphefumla womchamo, iphecana zesisu. Gram-ezimbi ezo kwamagciwane ezaziwayo-kakuhle efana Proteus, Escherichia, Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella. Balala salmonellosis, meningitis, yicesina, nokuxaxaza igazi. Ukongeza, ukuba iintsholongwane enganyangekiyo ezinjalo uxanduva lwezifo kakhulu nosocomial. Ngapha koko, ukuba asinde ngisho emva kweentsholongwane kakhulu.

Ukusetyenziswa kwale lwazi kwi unyango lwezifo

Xa uxilongo kwezifo ukugqiba unyango olusebenzayo kudingeka ukuba usebenzise indlela Igram ngenxa kukhethwa Cya ziye zabangela ukugula: Igram iintsholongwane ezintle okanye Igram negative. Amachiza emiselweyo kuxhomekeke kule. Emva unyango ekhethiweyo kakuhle kuphela sibe sibi.

Ukuze ubone pathogen zesikhohlela uphando, ukuthetha kwam ngeempumlo, okanye ukugxothwa lobufazi, uhlalutyo endleni, ulwelo lwamalunga okanye pleural. Ezi zikhohlela zimbini ke phantsi iimviwo ngu Igram bala.

Kakhulu nzima ukunyanga izifo ezibangelwa iintsholongwane ezimbi-Igram. Ngokusisiseko, sijongana kwindibaniselwano antibiotics amabini, okanye iziyobisi isizukulwana esitsha. Ukusebenza nawo angaba "Ampicillin" okanye "Amoxicillin", "Chloramphenicol", "streptomycin" kunye neqela cephalosporins. Banakho ukumelana inwebu olungaphandle iintsholongwane.

Ulwazi ngesakhiwo kodonga ziibhakteriya kube lula ukuphucula ukusebenza unyango lwezifo ezosulelayo.