Imihlaba ye eRussia. Iimpawu. Imihlaba isoyi-podzolic

Imihlaba Podzolic Russia ziphakathi ixhaphakileyo indlela ephakathi. Kwaye ke ingqalelo kakhulu engazaliyo. Ezi imihlaba structureless, ebonakala asidi, kwakunye phambi elundini podzolic. Ngokufuthi ukuba akhiwa phantsi nesigqubuthelo amahlathi coniferous.

Xa ibhanti phakathi lizwe nayo kwimihlaba efanayo kwesoyi. Bona wabumba phantsi kwempembelelo kwezityalo herbaceous. Phakathi iimpawu yemihlaba bazipheka cell isiqulatho nangakumbi wamatye okanye ukungabikho kwenxenye ye podzol zepraktikhali, sofele isakhiwo okuziinkozo. Ngenxa umthetho, ukuba luphawulwa ukuchuma eliphezulu.

Imihlaba isoyi-podzolic ezisisiseko kummandla kumhlaba non-omnyama kweli lizwe. Ziquka ephezulu nesezantsi wapheka podzolic umaleko. Ezi imihlaba babe wenzala ephantsi, ephantsi (0.5 ukuya 2.5%) Umxholo wamatye asidi (pH 4-5) yezisombululo lomhlaba. Ukongeza, ngomqukumbelo nehumasi unalo encinane umthamo (iisentimitha ezilishumi ukuya amabini).

Ngokuqhelekileyo, a bazipheka-podzolic abe wamatye topsheet sisityebi. Kulo mzekelo, ematyeni calcareous ukwandisa inkqubo yezityalo emanzi kunye zizenza wamatye kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza.

Ezingcwalisiweyo bazipheka podzolic ebalasele isiqulatho ephantsi kakhulu-nitrogen, iphosphate (kwi ifomu ifunxwe zizityalo). Kwimihlaba ngezithako eyahlukileyo zokukhanya (obambe oyisanti intlabathi), kukho ukunqongophala potassium.

Yonke imihlaba bazipheka-podzolic ziqulethe iodine mncinane kakhulu, zinc, ubhedu. Ngelo xesha linye zahluke kunye manganese kwemfuneko. Ukuphucula ukuchuma kula mazwe kuyimfuneko ukulawula imo ngamanzi-umoya, ingakumbi xa kukho iindawo ifumile ngokugqithiseleyo. maleko echumileyo linyuke isicelo umhlaba eziphilayo. Le asidi yehliswe esebenzisa ikalika.

Isoyi-podzolic uhlobo lomhlaba isasazwa kakhulu kwisiqingatha yomntla ummandla womhlaba non-emnyama. nokudaleka ayikho ehlathini, kodwa isikakhulu basike. Kule nkalo njengoko ngenxa Ukubuna zengca kwenzeka phezu kwamanzi kwiminyaka emininzi babezizwa esintu, kunye iintsalela ingcambu zibe ziyatyeba. Kudla interlacing iingcambu phezu inxalenye engentla kwisityalo. Oku kukhokelela umaleko ube mnye. Lubonakala linani elikhulu zeentsalela zezityalo.

Kuba isoyi-podzolic Uphawu umhlaba phambi umaleko ezimhlophe. isimo sawo sifana umbala nothuthu ezikweni. In okwanamhlanje podzolic umaleko womhlaba Ububanzi besentimitha ezimbalwa, nezinyuko zomhlaba ngokwawo - malunga namashumi amabini ukuya kumashumi amabini anesihlanu cm. Kule nkalo, le mazwe akukho mfuneko uphuculo olukhulu.

Le meko malunga kwimihlaba kakhulu podzolic. Ukusetyenziswa komhlaba loo kunokwenzeka kuphela emva kokuba umsebenzi ukuphucula kuzo. Kwakhona umxholo aphantsi izondlo, ukungabikho porosity noncapillary, ngokunjalo imo wamanzi-umoya ezibi, kubunzulu nzulu (malunga iisentimitha amashumi ukuya amane) ukuze alale obambe, kwaye phantsi kwawo - ezingcakacileyo, kodwa nzima yaye ashinyeneyo "lekalika" ezibandakanya ncakasana oxides zentsimbi. Kulo mba, umhlaba bazipheka-podzolic kufuneka ongenamthetho kubunzulu ongekho ngaphantsi kwamashumi amane - amane anesihlanu iisentimitha, okanye kuzinyothula emhadini ebanzi kakhulu iisentimitha hayi ngaphantsi kwe amahlanu nzulu.

Ngenxa yokuba ukuba yinxalenye izityalo ezifileyo ihlala umhlaba ziyatyeba apho ufikelelo kunzima komoya yokubola ziibhakteriya sokungena organic nangenxa zibe ingxenye yaso elele kwenzeka ngokungaphelelanga kuphela. Xa inkqubo ukwetyisa kwakheka humic acid ukuguqula (ngenxa reactions ezithile kwemichiza) e humins yaye kamva ukuthatha inxaxheba ukusekwa wamatye fresh Komkova Isakhiwo wangaphezulu.