Imfundo yabantwana kumazwe ahlukeneyo ehlabathini: imizekelo. Iimpawu zemfundo yabantwana kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Imfundo yabantwana baseRashiya

Bonke abazali e umhlaba wethu omkhulu, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, uziva olukhulu uthando kubantwana babo. Noko ke, kwilizwe ngalinye, oomama nootata abakhulisa abantwana ngenye indlela. Le nkqubo iye yaba nefuthe elikhulu kwindlela abantu kaRhulumente, kwakunye izithethe zesizwe ezikhoyo. Yintoni umahluko kwimfundo yabantwana ehlabathini lonke?

Etnopediatriya

Ukuba umzali - oku yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwaye ozukileyo ebomini wonke umntu. Noko ke, umntwana - nto kuphela fun, kodwa iinzame rhoqo ukuba ezinxulumene ukuba anyamekele kubo sikhulisa. Abantu ezahlukeneyo iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukuyilwa yobuntu indoda encinane. Imfundo yabantwana ehlabathini yehlabathi iindlela zalo zokufundisa ukuba uhlanga nganye iya kusebenza.

pedagogy - ukufunda zonke ezi yantlukwano akukho kwakude kudala yonke inzululwazi zadalwa. izigqibo zayo kusenokwenzeka ukuba babe nako kukhokelela bayiqonda kakuhle ngemvelo yabantu kunye nophuhliso ngendlela elilelona lemfundo.

ukuqinisekiswa

Abantwana kulo lonke ihlabathi liza ekhala. Nguwo lo mzuzu xa uvavanyo esinzulu ubaleka hayi kangako oomama ingqondo nooyihlo, njengoko ulwalamano lwabo kunye iingcambu zenkcubeko. Ukuba abantwana ezikhala kakhulu kwiinyanga ezimbalwa yokuqala yobomi bakhe - eqhelekileyo kuzalwa zalo naluphi na uhlanga. Ekukhaleni umntwana eNtshona Yurophu, umama esabela emva malunga ngomzuzu. Ibhinqa kuthatha umntwana wakhe okuphela kwakhe kwaye uzame ukumbopha. Ukuba umntwana wazalelwa kwilizwe apho kusekho impucuko abangekaphuhli abazingeli kunye nabavuni, ngoko babeza kumemelela kangangoko zonke ezinye iintsana, kodwa isiqingatha ixesha. Umama iphendula ukukhala bakhe imizuzwana elishumi podneset esifubeni. Ukubalusa oonyana ezi ntlanga e ngaphandle iishedyuli nangaphandle unamathelo. Ezinye izizwe Congolese, kukho uhlobo division of labour. Apha abantwana abondliwayo kungenelwe abafazi eziliqela ezithile.

Namhlanje, umntwana nokukhala kancinane eyahlukileyo. Usana uyalihlonipha ilungelo lakhe lokufuna ingqalelo. Iinyanga zokuqala ezintandathu ubomi ukuhlahlamba kwabo, yena ikuvumela ukuba ufuna ukuba ukubonisa uthando nenyameko, wathabatha ezandleni zakhe, njalo-njalo. D.

Osenyameni ebeleni

Kwaye akukho ndlela enye lo mba. Ngoko ke, oomama abaninzi Hong Kong abantwana kuncothulwa ebeleni kwiiveki nje kwasekuqaleni ezintandathu ukuya emsebenzini. E Melika, lwebele-wondla kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa. Noko ke, abanye abantu bayaqhubeka oomama ukuba banike abantwana babo esifubeni kwaye i ubudala xa bemkile ngaphaya ebuntwaneni.

ingqokelela

Liphupha bonke abazali - ukulala ngoxolo ngayo umntwana wabo. Indlela ukukwenza? Kwaye apha kukho kuyaphi iimbono ezahlukeneyo, ithathele ingqalelo imfundo yabantwana ehlabathini lonke. Umzekelo, kwiincwadi Western kunye neencwadi reference iingcebiso ukuba usana akuyomfuneko ukulala ngexesha lasemini. Kuphela kulo mzekelo yi ngokuhlwa kuba ndidiniwe kwaye ndizole. Kwamanye amazwe, abazali ngxaki musa. Umzekelo, Mexican Mayans ukubeka abantwana ukulala ngexesha imini koomandlalo ezijingayo, yaye ebusuku ukuze ezililini zabo.

uphuhliso

Iimpawu zemfundo yabantwana kumazwe ahlukahlukeneyo ihlabathi zahluke kakhulu enye kwenye. Noko ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba inkcubeko kunye intsomi namasiko ekukhuleni komntwana iza kukhawuleziswa kuphela kwimeko yengqesho esisigxina nayo. Kodwa lo mbono ayikho bonke abazali. Umzekelo, eDenmark kunye Netherlands bakholelwa ukuba ezinye wosana kubaluleke ngakumbi iinzame kuphuhliso ingqondo. In the Congo, kwaye akwenziwa ukuthetha kuzalwa. Unina lizwe bakholelwa ukuba ishishini iphambili abantwana babo - ubuthongo. Ngenxa yokuba imfundo yabantwana kumazwe ahlukeneyo ngokwahlukeneyo, kukho kwakhona umahluko ebalulekileyo motor kunye nentetho nophuhliso ebantwaneni, kuxhomekeke yelo yabo inkcubeko ethile kunye nobuhlanga.

Umzekelo, data UNICEF zibonisa ukuba indlela eyiyo imfundo, ezithatyathwe ngomnye wabantu eNigeria - Yoruba. Apha, iinyanga amatakane ezintathu zokuqala ukuya ezintlanu ubomi babo indawo ekuhlaleni. Ukuze benze oku, ukuba zibekwe phakathi kwamagqabi okanye amalungiselelo imingxunya ezikhethekileyo emhlabeni. Bangama ekhulwini aba bantwana babe neminyaka emibini ubudala bakwazi ukuhlamba ngokwabo, yaye amathathu anethoba ekhulwini - yokuhlanjwa le nembasa.

Ewe, isithethe ekukhuliseni abantwana kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwahluka kakhulu omnye komnye. Kodwa ke nantoni na amacebo ezonyuliweyo abazali, umntwana wabo uya ukulila, ukuhleka, bafunde ukuhamba intetho, ngokuba uphuhliso nawuphi na umntwana yinkqubo eqhubekayo, ngokuthe ngcembe nezendalo.

Ukwahluka ngenkqubo yemfundo

Indlela yokwenza ubuntu zomntwana? Lo mbuzo simi phambi zonke abazali umhlaba wethu. Nangona kunjalo, akukho sibonelelo enye, uyayisombulula le ngxaki. Kungenxa yoko le nto yonke intsapho kufuneka ukukhetha inkqubo ilungelo lemfundo wamatakane. Lo msebenzi ubaluleke kakhulu, kuba njengokuba umntwana ukuyilwa kwindlela yokuziphatha kunye nesimo salo mntu encinane.

Iimpazamo ezenziwe kwinkqubo yemfundo kwixesha elizayo unako ukwenza kakhulu, abiza kakhulu. Kakade ke, abantwana ezahlukeneyo ngendlela yazo ekhethekileyo, kunye nabazali kuphela uya kukwazi ukukhetha i ngokukuko yakhe inkqubo zokufundisa iindlela. Kwaye oku kubalulekile ukuba uwazi njani imfundo yabantwana kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kwaye ukhethe ngokwabo okuhle.

Le nkqubo German

Ziziphi iinkalo zemfundo yabantwana kumazwe ahlukeneyo? Siqala ingxoxo yethu lo mba ngeendlela zokufundisa waseJamani. Njengoko yaziwa, umahluko iphambili kolu hlanga kuxhomekeke kule zemibutho ulondolozo, ukugcina kunye umbutho. Zonke ezi mpawu abazali German ukufundisa abantwana babo besebancinane.

Family eJamani apho emva kwexesha. Umtshato baseJamani kufika kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu, kodwa hayi ezikhawulezayo ukuba babe nabantwana. Amaqabane banolwazi kulo uxanduva kwaye bafuna ukuba ukunyathela phambi kokuzalwa komntwana wokuqala ukwenza isiseko kwezinto eziqinileyo.

Eziguqulweyo e Germany asebenze part-time. Ngaphandle koncedo nanny abazali abakwazi ukukwenza. Kodwa oku kufuna imali, yaye oku. Umakhulu kweli lizwe kunye nabazukulwana babo musa bahlale. Bakhetha ukuba baphile ubomi babo. Mama, njengokuba umthetho, ukwakha umsebenzi, yaye ukuzalwa komntwana unokuba nefuthe elibi ukwenza omnye umsebenzi.

Nangona kunjalo, isigqibo sokuba nomntwana, amaJamani kuye ngenyameko kakhulu oku. Ziguquka ukuba izindlu banzi. Phambili kwaye sifuna nanny-wabantwana. Ukususela ekuzalweni, abantwana kwiintsapho German owoyamaniswe kuyo Kukwindlela yokwenza engqongqo. Sleep bebekwe malunga ezisibhozo ngokuhlwa. Ukubukela TV ambathe ukuyilawula. Thina zilungiselelwa abancinane. Ukulungiselela le njongo, kukho ukudlala amaqela, apho abantwana bahamba kunye noonina. Apha bafunde ukunxibelelana kunye noontanga babo. Enkulisa, amatakane waseJamani musa ukufundisa ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala nolwazi lokubala. Bona tindhawu leti ingqeqesho uze uthethe malunga nendlela ukudlala ngayo yonke imithetho. Umntwana uthole unelungelo lokukhetha nawuphi na umsebenzi. Kusenokuba ukuqhuba ibhayisekile, okanye ukudlala kwigumbi ekhethekileyo.

Funda uze ubhale umntwana esikolweni aphantsi. Apha tindhawu uthando ulwazi, ukuqhuba izifundo ngendlela playful. Abazali bafundiswa ukuba umfundi ukuba bacwangcise imisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla, ezikhokelela kwesi idayari okhethekileyo. Kule minyaka, abantwana bafumana ibhanki kwiSabi yokuqala. Umntwana ezama ukufundisa kulawulo mali yayo.

Inkqubo Japanese

Imizekelo ekukhuliseni abantwana kumazwe ahlukeneyo iplanethi yethu ebanzi ukuze umahluko omkhulu. Ngenxa yoko, xa kuthelekiswa eJamani, abantwana Japanese ukuya kwiminyaka emihlanu okanye emithandathu, phantse yonke into kuvumelekile. Banakho lucacise iindonga kunye namagosa amakishayo, ngokwemba iintyatyambo evela iimbiza, njalo njalo. D. Yini usana abakwenzanga sengqondo kuye uya kuba nomonde kwaye enobubele. I-Japanese bakholelwa ukuba mixture yabantwana abasaqalayo kufuneka kunandipha ngokupheleleyo ubomi. Ngelo xesha linye tindhawu abantwana nesimilo, ngembeko yaye wafundisa ukuba baqonde ukuba ziyinxalenye yoluntu lonke.

Nokufika ubudala ezikolweni umntwana yatshintsha. Abazali umphatha ngokona kuqatha kakhulu. Kwiminyaka eli-15, ngokutsho kubahlali ilanga eliphumayo, umntu kufuneka abe ukuzimela ngokupheleleyo.

I-Japanese akazange waphakamisa izwi lakhe kubantwana bakhe. Abayi ukuzifunda elide kwaye usoloko udiniwe zokufundisela. Isohlwayo inkulu umntwana lo mzuzu xa yena yedwa, yaye akukho bani ofuna ukuthetha naye. Le ndlela yokufundisa isebenza kakhulu xa abantwana Japanese bafundiswa ukuba ukunxibelelana, ukwenza abahlobo ukuhlala kweli qela. Babesoloko bafundisa ukuba umntu eyedwa akakwazi ukumelana yonke nezo isiphelo.

Xa abantwana Japanese babe ulwalamano oluhle kunye nabazali babo. Ingcaciso oku kuxhomekeke ukuziphatha koomama musa ukufuna ukusebenzisa ihlebo layo igunya kunye izisongelo, kwaye yokuqala ukuya ku nghenelela. Kuphela ngqo umfazi ubonisa indlela buhlungu kakubi umntwana wakhe.

Le nkqubo American

Njani United States kusenzeka kwaye ukukhulisa abantwana? Kumazwe ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi (Jamani, Japan, kunye nabanye abaninzi) izohlwayo kakhulu ekufundiseni iindlela musa ukunika. Noko ke, abantwana kuphela American banolwazi ngoxanduva lwabo namalungelo ukuba angafaka isicelo enkundleni ukuba kuziswe ubulungisa nabazali babo ukuze kakuhle. Oku akumangalisi, kuba sohlala kweli lizwe libe yinxalenye yenkqubo yemfundo kukucacisa inkululeko womntwana.

A phawu uphawu indlela American lo mkhwa ukuya naziphi na iziganeko kunye nabantwana babo. Kwaye konke oku kuba oza kubagcina ndinayo kweli lizwe ayikho ukuba wonke. Noko ke, ekhaya, mntwana ngamnye egumbini lakhe, apho kufuneka alale ngaphandle kwabazali babo. Nam uTata okanye uMama akayi kubaleka kuye ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu, zonke sivumelane badlale. Ngokutsho bengqondo, ukungabikho enjalo ingqalelo kukhokelela kukuba kamva ebomini umntu uba ezivaliweyo ethukile.

nzulu kakhulu eUnited States lilungu isohlwayo. Ukuba abazali umntwana, ndayihluthwa ithuba lokudlala umdlalo ikhompyutha okanye ahambe nawe, kufuneka achaze isizathu sokuba indlela yakhe.

Eziguqulweyo kids yaseMelika kunqabile ndwendwela. Abazali abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ukupha umntwana wabo ngendlela ziko, ziya kuhluthwa ebuntwaneni bakhe. Ekhaya, unina kunqabile uthethathethane abantwana. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba aye esikolweni, akakwazi ukufunda okanye ukubhala.

Kakade ke, inkululeko kwinkqubo yemfundo kunegalelo ukuvela abantu zobuchule kunye ezizimeleyo. Noko ke, siyaqeqeshwa abasebenzi kweli lizwe - lwepaki.

Le nkqubo French

Kule meko, uphuhliso enkulu imfundo yokuqala umntwana. Kumazwe ahlukeneyo, njengoko sele sibonile, oku kwenzeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa yaseFransi eyodwa apapasha iincwadi ezininzi neencwadi, kwakunye vula inani elikhulu amaziko emfundo. Imfundo yabantwana kwiminyaka 1 ukuya 2 koomama French kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo. Baya kuza ukusebenza kwangethuba kwaye ufuna kweminyaka emibini umntwana inkululeko yabo epheleleyo.

Abazali French baphathe abantwana babo ngendlela kakuhle. bavame bakubetha ngoyaba ngemikhuba yabo, kodwa umvuzo ngenxa yokuziphatha kakuhle. Ukuba umama nangoku sisohlwaywa nje umntwana wakhe, ngoko ke kufuneka achaze isizathu isigqibo esinjalo, ukuba ayizange ibonakale nikatsongo.

French Small ukususela ukufunda ebuntwaneni ukuba athobekile kwaye ukuthobela yonke imithetho kunye nemigaqo. Kulo mzekelo, yonke into ebomini babo kuxhomekeke kuphela kwisigqibo yabazali.

Le nkqubo Russian

Umahluko omkhulu kukuba imfundo yabantwana ehlabathini lonke. Russia iindlela zayo zokufundisa, ezahlukileyo kwezo ekhokela abazali kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni yethu rhoqo. Thina, ngokuchaseneyo eJapan, kusoloko kukho uluvo eqhelekileyo ukuba umntwana kufuneka uqale ukufunda ngexesha apho inokubuyiselwa phezu nezitulo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba singaneli kuye imithetho zoluntu kunye nemimiselo kunye ndisemncinane kakhulu. Namhlanje, Noko ke, iindlela zemfundo eRashiya unenzondelelo utshintsho. pedagogy wethu uye ukusuka ngegqudu ukuya humanistic.

Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo imfundo yabantwana ukusuka kwiminyaka 1.5 ukuya 2. Eli thuba ukuphuculwa kwezakhono ezifunyenwe ngaphambili kunye nokuqonda endaweni yabo ehlabathini. Ukongezelela, oko njengokubonisa ecacileyo ubudala kid umlinganiswa.

Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba phantse 90% ulwazi malunga ihlabathi ngeenxa zonke kuye umntwana ufumana kwiminyaka emithathu yokuqala yobomi bakhe. Yena iyasebenza kakhulu yaye babe nomdla kuyo yonke into. Abazali Russian zithande ukuba kumphazamisa kulo. Xa umyalelo izinto kunye accustom ndingusisi nokwanela. Oomama abaninzi musa ukufuna ukukhulisa umntwana wakhe lokuwa yokuqala. Umele boyise ubunzima ngokwakhe.

Age 1.5 ukuya kwiminyaka-2, kunazo esebenzayo. Noko ke, nangona ukuhamba kwabo, amatakane akazange ayahlukanga yobuciko. Akumthathi imizuzu emihlanu, baya ukuya kwenye kodwa vlezut. inkqubo pedagogy Russian lithethelela ukuba kakubi abaphandi abaselula ukuba babe Unyamezele ngemikhuba yabo.

Kubazali kweminyaka emi-3 ixesha kuchaphazela ukuyilwa ubuntu. Aba bantwana ifuna ingqalelo enkulu kunye nomonde. Iminyaka elandelayo embalwa yobomi bakhe - iminyaka embalwa, xa iimpawu eziphambili Oonobumba wambumba umntu omncinane, kwakunye na ukuyilwa izimvo malunga nemimiselo yokuziphatha eluntwini. Konke oku kuya kuchaphazela izenzo elizayo yomntwana ebomini bakhe abadala.

Ukukhulisa abantwana iminyaka emi-3 ubudala ifuna uzibambile enkulu yabazali. Ngeli xesha, ootitshala bacebisa ngomonde loomntu ngokuzolileyo izizathu nomntwana wakho malunga nokuba kutheni umama kunye notata akukho anelisekile yokuziphatha kwakhe. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba alole ingqalelo into yokuba ityala lo mntwana acaphuke kakhulu abazali, uze uyele ingqwalasela ukusuka impixano ukuya into ebangel 'umdla. ootitshala Russian bayacetyiswa ukuba ukubathoba wabaqoba kid. Umele onokuweva ukulingana kunye nabazali babo.

Injongo zokukhulisa umntwana Russia - ukuvela uphuhliso ngokuyilayo evumelanayo zobuntu. Kakade ke, kuluntu lwethu kuyinto eqhelekileyo, ukuba uyise okanye unina ndiya kumvusa ngomhla ilizwi umntwana wakhe. Kusenokwenzeka nokuba spank itakane kwityala elithile. Nangona kunjalo, bonke abazali Russian bazame ukukhusela umntwana wakho evela ezibuhlungu neemvakalelo.

Xa ilizwe lethu lisebenza uthungelwano amaziko epriskuli. Apha, abantwana bafunde izakhono zonxibelelwano kunye noontanga, ukufunda nokubhala. Ingqalelo ihlawulwe kuphuhliso emzimbeni nasengqondweni bomntwana. Konke oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ezemidlalo kunye nemidlalo yamaqela.

Kuba imfundo Russian uphawu yemveli uphuhliso ubuchule bokuyila abantwana, kwakunye nokukhetha iitalente zabo. Ukwenza oku kwiiklasi enkulisa umzobo, ukucula, ucikizeko, ukudanisa njalo njalo. D. wesiNtu ukuthelekisa impumelelo abantwana, ebangela abantwana ingqiqo umbango.

Liqinisekisa isidima uphuhliso kunye nokusekwa ubuntu komntwana esikolweni aphantsi eRashiya. Ukongezelela, imfundo yabantwana abakwiminyaka bezikolo zaseprayimari lujoliswe ukuyilwa umnqweno namandla ukufunda.

Kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi, zonke izinto zikhethiwe ngendlela yokuba umntwana saveza ulwazi oluchanekileyo ngemigudu nomntu, uluntu kunye nendalo. Ukuze uphuhliso epheleleyo ngakumbi evumelanayo zobuntu nezifundo yokukhetha iilwimi zasemzini, imfundo kubuhle, uqeqesho umzimba, njalo-njalo. D.