Iiprojekthi zophuhliso Injongo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweeprojekthi zophuhliso

Namhlanje eli xesha "utyalo-mali" ludume kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abaninzi kakhulu. Ukuba ngaba ngaphambili kuphela abaphathi bezentengiselwano kunye nabaninzi bezentengo-mali babezibandakanya kule nto, ngoku yonke into ishintshile ngokuphawulekayo. Iiprojekthi zophuhliso Indlela yokuyizalisekisa ngayo imali engenasigxina kunye nozinzile?

Ukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso soshishino

Kwizithethe zamazwe ngamazwe, iiprojekthi zophuhliso-mali zicwangciso ezibandakanya utyalo-mali. Ngokomxholo jikelele, nayiphi na enye imbono yoshishino ngendlela enye okanye enye inxulumene nokuheha inkunzi entsha. Kungenxa yoko, ngokubanzi, iiprojekti zotyalo-mali ziyimisebenzi ehambelana nokuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso seshishini soshishino ukufezekisa umphumo oyifunayo. Yona ndlela yokuphunyezwa kwimeko yoqoqosho oluphuhlisiweyo yinkqubo yokwenza izinto ezidibeneyo kunye nezibandakanyekayo: ukuthengwa kwezixhobo kunye noomatshini, iinkonzo zokubonisana nokulungiselela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye neeprojekti zeprojekthi, ukubhalwa, ukulawulwa komsebenzi, uqeqesho lwabasebenzi, ukuthengwa kweelayisenisi, umsebenzi wokwakha kunye nokufakela nokunye okunjalo.

Iprojekthi yokuPhila kweProjekthi

Ukuphunyezwa kweprojekthi yotyalo-mali ihlala ihlala ixesha elide (nangaphandle kwezinto ezingaqhelekanga). Kwizoqoqosho zisebenza ngombono onjenge "project cycle". Kuthetha ukuthini oku? Eli lixesha lexesha phakathi kokuqaliswa kweprojekthi kunye nokucinywa kwayo. Lo ngumgaqo wokuqala wokusombulula yonke imisebenzi yemali nokwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo. Amazwe apho uphuhliso lweeprojekthi zezotyalo zibizwa ngokuba yizigaba okanye izigaba. Isigaba somjikelo wobomi yithuba lexesha apho iinguqu zengxelo yezemali eziphambili zihamba ngokuzenzekelayo, isakhiwo sazo singatshintshiyo, kwaye amanyathelo okufeza le ngcamango ayenziwa rhoqo. Ubungakanani bomjikelo kuthetha ukuba ixabiso elizayo yengeniso nenkcitho ngokwemizuzu yangoku ihlukile.

Ukuzalwa kwembono

Iiprojekti zophuhliso, okokuqala, ingcamango. Inyathelo lokungenisa imali ivela kumntu wezomthetho okanye wemvelo onqwenela ukuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokutyalomali. Ingaba ngumthengi okhangela umkhiqizo othile, okanye umenzi wemveliso efuna iilenki ezintsha zezemali. Umqalisi unokuba ngumtyalo-mali ofuna ukutshala imali kwaye engazi ukuba yintoni inokwenzeka impumelelo kwaye yiyiphi imbuyekezo enokufunyanwa ekupheleni.

Ubaluleka beSicwangciso soShishino

Iiprojekthi zonyalo-mali-mali yinkqubo eqala rhoqo ngokuphuhliswa kwangaphambili kwezicwangciso zoshishino kunye nezibalo ezifunekayo. Yintoni na? Isicwangciso soshishino lwenkqubo yophuhliso yinkqubo yokuphuhliswa kwamashishini. Lo ngumqulu osemgangathweni, ochaza ngokubanzi inkcazo yeprojekthi yangempela yotyalo-mali, iimpawu zayo zinikezelwa. Indlela yokwenza intetho kunye nokuphuhliswa okukhawuleza kwesicwangciso kuxhomekeke kwimeko yeprojekthi yokutyalomali. Isicwangciso soshishino liqule isakhiwo esicacileyo nesicacileyo esisisigxina, esihlangeneyo kwizoqoqosho. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa kukukhuphisana kwemveliso kwimigangatho yemigangatho kunye nexabiso lentengo. Isibikezelo sinikezelwa ixesha lokujikeleza ubomi kwiprojekthi kunye nemveliso (okanye iinkonzo) ngokukodwa.

Isicwangciso semali

Le yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwisigaba sophuhliso lweprojekthi. Ngokwenene umqathango oyintloko wokwamkelwa (okanye ukungavunyelwanga) kwiprojekthi yotyalo-mali, njengoko iphendula umbuzo woluphi uhlobo kunye nokuba kuza kubuya ixesha elide ukubuyela kwexabiso elityalomali. Esicwangciso sezemali, ukubalwa kwemali engenayo kunye neendleko zenziwa, izikhombisi zokusebenza eziphambili ziboniswa. Ixesha lokuhlawula lonke utyalo-mali kulo msebenzi uphinde lubalwe.

Isigaba sokuqala. Iingcamango

Kwisigaba sokuqala, iiprojekti zokutyalomali zisengqiqo. Ukunyameka kweprojekthi kuhlolwa, izicwangciso zeemfuno zobugcisa zenziwe, imifanekiso ikhethiweyo, kunye nemali efunekayo yemithombo yemali ibalwa. Ngenxa yale njongo, zonke izinto ezifanayo zikhethiweyo apho kubalwa ukubalwa. Esi sigaba sibonakaliswe ukwanda kwenkcitho (ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza) kunye nokungabi nqo kwengeniso kunye nokuhamba kwemali. Ezinye iiprojekti zotyalo-mali ezongezelelweyo nazo ziphuhliswa. Ezi ziiprojekthi apho ukungafani okuhlukeneyo kwiinjongo zokuqala kunye nezicwangciso zinikezelwa ngokubhekiselele kwisicwangciso sezizathu (inhlekelele, iingxaki ngokuphunyezwa okanye ukuxhaswa ngemali, njl.).

Isigaba sesibini. Ukufunwa okuyimfuneko

Ukufunyanwa kwemali yokusebenza kunye nexabiso elimisiweyo liqala, ngoko iindleko zemali zikhula ngakumbi. Ukufakwa kweemali ezintsha, iimvume ezifanelekileyo neemvume ziyafumaneka. Ukusebenza kweprojekti yotyalomali yiparameter ejolise ekuphunyezweni okunenzuzo nokufanelekileyo kweempahla ezizinzileyo. Iindleko ziya kuqeqesho lwabasebenzi, iprojekthi yokukhangisa, ukubhaliswa kwezomthetho kwemisebenzi, ukuyila ukusebenza, ukulungiswa kwempahla kunye nokuthenga-oko kukuthi, yonke into efunekayo ukuphumeza le projekthi. Iirisithi zokufumana imali, njengoko kwinqanaba lokuqala, azikho.

Isigaba sesithathu. Ukumisela

Kule nqanaba, iiprojekti zokutyalomali sele zilungele ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi opheleleyo. Kukwinqanaba lesithathu ukuba bahlonyelwe. Ukunciphisa ukuchithwa kwenkcitho kunye nokwanda kwengeniso kubandakanywa nengeniso ukususela ekuqaleni kweentengiso. Ekupheleni kwesigaba sesithathu, imali yokufumana imali ifikelele ekuphezulu. Eli nqanaba liquka iminikelo yomshuwalense, ukuhlawula umvuzo kwabasebenzi, ukuthengwa kwezinto kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo, ukufumana imveliso evela ekuthengiseni, ukuhlawula irhafu, utshintsho kwiimpahla ezifunekayo.

Isigaba sesine. Uzinzo

Ngelo xesha iprojekthi isele isebenza kwaye ibonakaliswe yimveliso ehleliweyo okanye iinkonzo. Umyinge wenzuzo uzinzisa. Ngokubanzi, isigaba sesine sifanele sisekelwe kwisicwangciso soshishino sophuhliso lweprojekthi. Oku kubonakaliswe ngamaparitha njengemithwalo yamandla okuvelisa, ukuchithwa kwenkqubo ngokwayo ngokuzenzekelayo ngokuzenzekelayo, ukuphumeza kwinqanaba elincinci lexabiso lentengo lemveliso okanye inkonzo.

Isigaba sesihlanu. Iziphumo kunye nethemba

Ngeli xesha, iiprojekthi zonyalo sele zisebenze ngendlela yazo. Kukho isambatho semali, iindleko zokuxhasa imveliso zanda, kwaye iirisithi zemali ziyancipha. Ngokubanzi, kwiimeko ezilisithoba kwishumi, le projekthi ilindele ukucinywa. Nangona kunjalo, enye imeko inokwenzeka. Yiyiphi na?

Ubomi obutsha

Injongo yeprojekthi yokutyalomali kukuba, okokuqala, yenza inzuzo. Kodwa kuthekani ukuba le ngcamango ayizange iphume, kodwa iqala ukuzala ilahleko? Ukubuyiswa kwakhona yisisombululo. Kodwa yintoni le nto? Oku kukunyuka kokuhamba kwemali kwi-asethi enye ukuya phambili. Eli nyathelo lidibanisa i-capital capital free investments ngokuyiqondisa ekuveliseni okanye ukufumana imali entsha ukugcina i-asethi. Kukho ukhetho oluninzi kulo phuhliso:

• Utyalo-mali ukutshintshwa, ngenxa yezibonelelo ezikhoyo ezitshintshela ezitsha;
• Ukulungiswa kwemilinganiselo, ukuphuculwa kweenkqubo zobugcisa;
• Shintsha kwiinkqubo zokukhulula;
• Ukuchithwa okujoliswe ekudaleni iimveliso ezintsha kunye nokulungiswa kweemarike ezintsha zokuthengisa.

Ngokubuyiswa kwemali, abatyali-mali bafumana inzuzo ekuthengiseni kweempahla, ukucima irhafu, ukunyuka kweemali ngokuthengiswa kweengxenye zentengo yokusebenza. Inani lemali kule nkalo liyancitshiswa kakhulu.

Ukubeka iliso nokubeka iliso

Ukulawula-ithuba lokuba intloko yeprojekthi yotyalo-mali ukujonga nokuhlaziya izicwangciso kunye nokuqikelela, ukulungelelanisa ukuzaliseka kwemisebenzi. Ulawulo lunika:

• Ukubeka iliso ngokuqhubekayo (iliso kwinkqubo yokuphunyezwa kweprojekthi);
• Ukukhangela ukuphazamiseka kwiinjongo ngokusebenzisa inani lezithintelo kunye neenkalo ezijoliswe kwiibhajethi, izicwangciso zekhalenda, njalo njalo;
• Ukubikezela imeko.

Izifundo zolawulo ziyiyo, iziganeko, ukuqinisekiswa kwezenzo zekhonkrithi kunye nezigqibo. Ukubeka esweni ngokubanzi kwenziwa ngumthengi ngokwakhe okanye kwicandelo loshishino egameni lakhe. Kwakhona, ngokungqinelana nesivumelwano, unonjiniyela okanye umontrakta unelungelo lokuhlola.