Iintsholongwane kakhulu yingozi abantu

Kwihlabathi kukho ezininzi micro-eziphilayo, iintsholongwane ngabona phakathi kwabo. Ukuba angaphila kwiimeko isigwebo. Iintsholongwane ezifumaneka umkhenkce yanaphakade Antarctica, kwaye kwentlabathi eshushu weSahara, kwaye nkqu ongenawo abandayo isithuba. Nangona bonke bephela ziyingozi, kodwa ngaphezu kwe-80% kuzo zonke izifo zabantu zibangelwa ziintsholongwane ngayo.

Buyela kwi-40 kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, uluntu luye lwaziwa izifo 40 Bamqumbisa ngabo. Namhlanje elo nani - ngaphezulu kwe-500, hayi ngokubala ukuba nyaka ngamnye njengokuba ivula uhlobo olutsha. Abantu baye bafunda ukujongana iintsholongwane, kodwa ulwazi akusoloko ngokwaneleyo - iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-10 kubo zezona yingozi uluntu. Virus - activators izifo eziyingozi ebantwini. Makhe sijonge ezona ziphambili.

hantaviruses

Kuyingozi kakhulu Uhlobo ntsholongwane - hantavirus. Xa usebenza namabuzi amancinane okanye iimveliso zawo pathways kungenzeka ukuba ayosuleleki. Bayakwazi ukuqala izifo ezininzi, kuyingozi kakhulu kuzo yicesina haemorrhagic kunye hantavirus syndrome. isifo lokuqala ubulala yonke yeshumi, amathuba kukufa emva kwesibini - 36%. Uqhambuko inkulu yenzekile ngexesha Korean War. Emva koko, amajoni ngaphezu kwama 3,000 ukusuka kumacala ahlukeneyo longquzulwano ziye ayiva imiphumo yoko. Kukho kubonakala kakhulu ukuba hantavirus kuye kwabangela ekutshabalaleni le mpucuko ye-Aztec kwiminyaka 600 eyadlulayo.

I Ebola gciwane

Ziziphi ezinye iintsholongwane ezinobungozi khona emhlabeni? Ubhubhane we-Ebola kudale panic wamazwe ngamazwe ngonyaka odlulileyo. Le ntsholongwane yafunyanwa ngo-1976, ngethuba ubhubhane kwi-Congo. Kufunyenwe igama layo imbeko iEbola River, apho echibini lokuqubha kwaye kwakukho flash. Iimpawu zesi sifo Ebola kakhulu nzima uphethwe yayo. Abo ziqhelekileyo zibandakanya: nangecesina, ubuthathaka, ukugabha, isibindi engaqhelekanga kunye umsebenzi zezintso, iintlungu emqaleni. Kwezinye iimeko, kukho ukopha ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngowe-2015 intsholongwane kwabulawa ngaphezulu kwama-12 amawaka abantu.

I-influenza virus eyingozi?

Kakade ke, akukho namnye ubuya athi ukuba intsholongwane ezinobungozi - a umkhuhlane eqhelekileyo. Ngamnye lonyaka uyagula ukuba ngaphezu kwe-10% abemi, iyenza enye zixhaphakileyo engalindelekanga kunye.

Eyona ngozi esingundoqo abantu kuthwala intsholongwane ngokwawo, kunye iingxaki ukuba kunokubangela (isifo sezintso, kwemiphunga kunye nokudumba ingqondo, ukusilela kwentliziyo). Abantu 600 000 abathe basweleka ngenxa yomkhuhlane kunyaka odlulileyo,% 30 kuphela unobangela wokufa yaba kuku- intsholongwane ebulalayo kwabanye - isiphumo ngayo iingxaki.

Kwezakhi - oko kukuthi enye ingozi yokuba intsholongwane yomkhuhlane. Ngenxa ukusebenzisa njalo-ntsholongwane nyaka ngamnye sifo buya komelela. Inkukhu ubhubhane flu leyo kwaqhambuka kwiminyaka eli-10 edlulileyo - esinye isiqinisekiso. Ngcolile-zihambe embalwa eminyaka iziyobisi ekwaziyo ekulweni umkhuhlane, ziya kuthwalwa ingozi enkulu kakhulu abantu.

irotavirus

Uhlobo kakhulu eziyingozi iintsholongwane abantwana - oko irotavirus. Nangona unyango kuba isebenza ngempumelelo, nyaka ngamnye kwesi sifo sibulala abantwana malunga nesiqingatha sesigidi. Esi sifo ebangela yorhudo, umzimba ngamanzi ngokukhawuleza baze bafe. Uninzi lwamaxhoba bahlala kumazwe ngokwaneleyo, apho kunzima ukufumana lugonyo le ntsholongwane.

IMarburg ebulalayo

yintsholongwane yeMarburg saqala ukubonakala kwisixeko efanayo eJamani ngasekupheleni-imi- 60 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Ngomnye iintsholongwane ezilishumi ebulalayo enokusasazwa kwizilwanyana.

Malunga ne-30% kuzo izifo intsholongwane iphela lethally. Kumanqanaba okuqala sifo yabantu lawuthuthumbisa nangecesina, isicaphucaphu, iintlungu kwezihlunu. Xa flow kakhulu ngakumbi - senyongo, pancreatitis, ukusilela isibindi. Abathwali sifo aningabantu kuphela, kodwa iimpuku, kwakunye ezinye iintlobo zeenkawu.

Hepatitis kwintshukumo

Ziziphi ezinye iintsholongwane ezinobungozi eyaziwa? Kukho ngaphezu kwama-100 eentlobo zabo ezosulela isibindi yabantu. Eyona ayingozi ezi hepatitis B, C Le ntsholongwane hayi nto ebizwa ngokuba 'umbulali nokuthantamisa "kuba kunokuba iminyaka emininzi emzimbeni womntu ngaphandle ebangela iimpawu buqapheleke.

Kwesibindi kaninzi ekhokelela ekufeni iiseli zesibindi, oko kukuthi ukuya kwesibindi. Ukumphilisa i ngezifo ebangelwe yatsala B no-C intsholongwane phantse akunakwenzeka. Ngexesha ekufumanekeni izifo hepatitis B emzimbeni womntu, njengoko umthetho, sele ngendlela ezigulo ezondeleyo.

Discoverer esi sifo yaba Russian eziphilayo Botkin. Bafumana ubunzima sohlobo ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba "A", kwaye isifo sibe ngcono.

virus zoster

Esifo - sesinye sezifo badala abaziwayo eluntwini. Ichaphazela abantu kuphela, adeleke Ukugodola, isiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu kunye neentlungu kummandla empontshwa. Iimpawu uphawu ingqakaqa kuyinto ukuvela kwi ukujaduka ubovu umzimba. Kuphela kwinkulungwane edluleyo, ingqakaqa wababulala abantu billion malunga nesiqingatha. In ukulwa esi sifo bavalelwa mali eziphathekayo enkulu (malunga 300 ezigidi zeerandi). Ukanti virologists waphumelela: Kwimeko yokugqibela eyaziwayo ingqakaqa sabhalwa kwiminyaka engamashumi amane eyadlulayo.

virus umgada olubulalayo

Isifo virus - wokuqala lo mlinganiselo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufeni 100% yamatyala. Abanokosulelwa ezinomgada emva kokuba isilwanyana esilunywe sisilwanyana esinaso. Esi sifo nazimpawu kude kube lixesha xa umntu akusekho kunokwenzeka ukusindisa.

Le ntsholongwane umgada ebangela umonakalo kakhulu kwinkqubo luvo. Kumanqanaba okugqibela esi sifo umntu uba ndlongondlongo, sibona imvakalelo rhoqo yokoyika, abaphethwe ugwayi. Kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa kuza nangobumfama, ukushwabana phambi kokufa.

Nakule wonke yezonyango asindiswe ngumgada bakwazile-3 kuphela.

Lassa virus

Yintoni enye ingozi eyaziwa omkhuhlane zabantu? Lassa fever ibangelwa yintsholongwane - sesinye sezifo kakhulu eyingozi apha kwiNtshona Afrika. Ichaphazela indlela luvo, izintso, imiphunga, kunokubangela myocarditis. Ngexesha lonke ixesha wezifo iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni iwela ngaphantsi degrees 39-40. Kwi umzimba kukho ezininzi izilonda iyabhiqiza kabuhlungu.

Lassa intsholongwane zithwala ezi namabuzi ezincinane. Esi sifo sisasazwa qha. Nyaka ngamnye, wathelela abantu malunga 500 lamawaka, apho 5-10 amawaka kufa. Xa fever kakhulu ukufa Lassa besukelana-50%.

yabantu ezifunyenwe immunodeficiency syndrome

Uhlobo kakhulu yingozi zentsholongwane - HIV. Kucingwa kuyingozi kakhulu abo ezaziwayo umntu ngelo xesha.

Iingcali ziye zafumanisa ukuba ityala lokuqala ukudluliselwa kwentsholongwane ukusuka obeku- abantu kwenzeka ngo-1926. Ityala lokuqala esibulalayo sabhalwa ngowe-1959. Xa 60s zenkulungwane lokugqibela, iimpawu AIDS zabonwa phakathi oonongogo yaseMelika, kodwa ke ixabiso ekhethekileyo xa bengakuphiwanga. HIV njengento uhlobo ephucukileyo yinyumoniya.

isifo HIV Yahlula elaziwayo kuphela ngo-1981, emva kokuqhambuka bhubhane phakathi kwabantu besini esinye. Phakathi kwiminyaka 4, oosonzululwazi baye bafumana iindlela ukudluliselwa kwesi sifo, igazi kunye yobudoda. Le ubhubhane AIDS waqalisa kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo ehlabathini. HIV ukufanele ngokuba isibetho kwenkulungwane yama-20.

Esi sifo kakhulu ichaphazela kwamajoni omzimba. Ngenxa yoko, AIDS ngokwalo akubulali. Kodwa abane-HIV, nje akukho sifo, ukuze sife ukusuka abandayo elula.

Konke izama ngadla lugonyo HIV kungoku nje yimpumelelo.

Indlela eyingozi HPV?

Malunga ne-70% yabo abantu abathwali HPV, inkoliso yabo - abafazi. ezosulela ngesondo papilloma. Ezingaphezu kwe-100 iintlobo lead HPV kwizifo ezahlukeneyo malunga 40. Ngokuqhelekileyo, intsholongwane yosulela esini woMntu. kubonakaliswa yangaphandle - imbonakalo neziqu kwesikhumba (papillomas).

Ixesha elisuke kwentsholongwane emva kokuba udubuleke umzimba unokuthatha ukusuka kwiiveki eziliqela ukuya kwiminyaka emininzi. Ngowe-90% kumzimba loluntu ngokwalo lahla microbodies amazwe. Ingozi intsholongwane iye buthathaka nezifo kuphela. Ngoko ke papilloma kaninzi kwenzeka ngexesha ezinye izigulo, ezifana nomkhuhlane.

Neziphumo ezimbi kakhulu papillomas nga abe sisifo somhlaza wesibeleko kwabasetyhini. 14 iintlobo ezaziwayo le virus umzimba.

Yenza inkomo leukemia ntsholongwane kubantu iyingozi?

Virus zingachaphazela abantu nje kuphela, kodwa izilwanyana. Njengoko umntu utya imveliso yezilwanyana, yonke loo mbuzo ingozi iintsholongwane enjalo ukuba abantu badla liphume.

Leukemia yintsholongwane kwindawo yokuqala ngokoyiswa iinkomo (iinkomo). Luhlasela igazi iinkomo, iigusha, iibhokhwe kunye kudale ukugula kakhulu, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ekufeni.

Uphando lubonisa ukuba ngaphezu-70% yabantu omzimba egazini ukuba zingakwazi ukulwa iinkomo intsholongwane wegazi. Noko ke, oku akuthethi ukuvala amathuba osulelo yabantu nale ntsholongwane. Ilinganisa ukuba nokwenzeka kokuba iinkomo kunokukhokelela ileukemia somhlaza igazi abantu liphantsi kakhulu, kodwa kukho amathuba neminye imiphumo emibi. virus leukemia Unga bophelela kwiiseli zabantu ebangela zofuzo. Kwixesha elizayo, mhlawumbi dala uhlobo entsha, nto leyo eyingozi ngokulinganayo zombini izilwanyana kunye nabantu.

Nangona iintsholongwane kwaye kuzuze abantu, oko akawuvingca umonakalo zabo. Yokuba abantu abaninzi ngakumbi abafa ngaphezu babulawa kuzo zonke iimfazwe zehlabathi lonke ixesha. Kweli nqaku ndiye kuluhlu iintsholongwane eziyingozi kakhulu ehlabathini. Siyathemba ukuba le ngcaciso iya kuba luncedo kuwe. Hlala uphilile!