Iintlobo zezityalo: kuluhlu (Grade 3). Iintlobo zezityalo endlwini: list, iifoto

Le flora wehlabathi zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Science, leyo uphonononga, ebizwa Botany. Isisekelo abantwana bakhe baqalisa ukufunda kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi.

Botany - isayensi iinkqubo, nto leyo evumela ukuba siqwalasele isakhiwo asinde zehlabathi zemifuno, ebabela saliphosa ubukumkani, amasebe, iiklasi, ii-odolo, iintsapho kunye neentlobo. Loo isakhiwo oluneqela elinegunya kuthiwa. Ukwakha inkqubo evumelanayo yehlabathi izityalo, isimo sakhe kuthwalelwa phandle kangangeenkulungwane. Igalelo le nto ibalulekileyo kuphuhliso yokuhlelwa izityalo wazisa uKarl Linney. Umsebenzi wethu - ukujongana iintlobo ezithile zezityalo (list). 3 grade kwisikolo samabanga - ixesha xa abantwana befunda ngenkuthalo Botany. Xa zezifundo iinkqubo zasesekondari ezifundiswayo ezi ntlobo:

• ingca yolwandle;
• ukusasaza Moss;
• kumila;
• Conifers;
• ukudubula kweentyatyambo.

Amaqela eziphambili zezityalo

Icandelo ngasentla izityalo ngokwamaqela ngenxa iimpawu yokuhlala, isakhiwo, iindlela yokuzala. Ngalinye kula maqela kuxoxwe ngezantsi abe iintlobo zezityalo, ezo nayo ikhona.

Ulwelwe - eziphilayo ukuba akukho iingcambu, amagqabi, iziqu. Eyona bume kwendawo yazo - emanzini. Inani lilonke kweentlobo ze ulwelwe ku ezahlukene 35 amawaka. Ezinye iintlobo ze ulwelwe:

• macrophytes marine: waterweed eKhanada, Walliser American;
• ulwelwe eluhlaza: chlamydomonas, chlorella, mikrasterias, Caulerpa, kladofora;
• ulwelwe flagellated: euglena scintillans eluhlaza, Faqous, noctiluca, dinofizis peridinella Norwegian, prorotsentrum amancinci;
• ulwelwe ebomvu: moss Irish, endokladiya oluhlabayo, lantsetolistnogo abomvu, gigartina, phyllophora, polyneuritis;
• ulwelwe omdaka: fucus, postelsiya palmovidnaya, makrotsistis, Sargassum, Laminaria, cystoseira.

Ubulembu - isityalo kunye stem kunye namagqabi, kodwa awunalo ingcambu. ukwanda kwabo ikhutshwa phandle esebenzisa sikuyo. Ubulembu kukhula kwindawo eyenziwe mnyama, kufuphi namanzi, maxa wambi ngamanzi. Xa iyonke kukho izityalo ngaphezulu kwe 5000 kule hlobo.

Iifeni - izityalo kunye iingcambu, isiqu namagqabi. Zikhula kwiindawo ezimdaka kunye kwinqanaba eliphezulu ukufuma. Veliswa - sikuyo. Inani lilonke kweentlobo yefeni ezilithoba amawaka. Nazi ezinye amagama kweentlobo yefeni: omfisi yeenciniba, onokleya sensitive, Osmund yasebukhosini, Salvinia ezidadayo, azolla UCaroline, nenekazi-omfisi, Dryopteris inkunzi spleenwort emantla, groomer ekhemesti, Pteridium aquilinum.

Conifers. Izityalo ezikhula emahlathini, kunye ingcambu, isiqu. Eyona ibalulekileyo ubukho neenaliti pine. Xa iyonke kukho iintlobo 600 Conifers. Makhe sibale ezinye: pine, nespruce, msipres, nomsedare, konwele, arborvitae, yew.

Ukudubula kweentyatyambo. Izityalo kunye ingcambu, isiqu, igqabi, intyatyambo kunye neziqhamo. Ezi ziquka imithi, amatyholo kunye nohlaza. Xa ucinga indlela ezahluke ngayo inombolo iintlobo kweentyatyambo izityalo ngaphezulu kwama-350 amawaka izinto. Nazi ezinye zazo: ezisemanzi zepampiri, nemingampunzi, peony, wavuka, edandelion, hawthorn, jasmine, quince, Weigela, gibikus, kwesingqengqelo ingca, brome, uTimoti ingca, foxtail, pickerel, Belous, ingqolowa, amazimba, umbona, henbane, datura.

Species. Uluhlu eRussia

Kuba endaweni nganye luphawulwa ziintlobo zezityalo ezithile, uluhlu esinityela. iimeko zemozulu, isiciko umhlaba, iimpawu zembali, imisebenzi yabantu - neemeko eziphembelela flora ezizodwa zokuhlala zendalo. Zonke ezi zinto kufuneka ukuba ziqwalaselwe kunye.

Cinga neyantlukwano kwizityalo ze-Russian Federation. Ngenxa nobukhulu mmandla, kukho iindidi eziliqela imimandla utyani eRashiya, nganye luphawulwa iintlobo ezithile zezityalo. Uluhlu (3 iklasi yesikolo eziziisekondari) ingafunyanwa nayo kwi incwadi kwi Botany.

Iindidi eziphambili flora Russia ziquka:

• uhlobo emathafeni, abameli eziphambili kuzo ngeentyatyambo Bryophyta, moss, cranberries, crowberry, kuropatochya ingca, Cassiopeia, ezinde, nenomlanga, willow polar, poppy polar, bluegrass arctic;
• uhlobo ehlathini, nto leyo limelwe nespruce, msipres, nomsedare, pine, ezinde, um-oki, maple;
• uhlobo emathafeni, esibonakala zizityalo izityalo enengca;
• uhlobo kwintlango utyani zithathwa abameli umhlonyane Salsola;
• uhlobo elinazo utyani imelwe ingaphelelwayo herbaceous: repens Ranunculus, Mentha arvensis, pobegonosnaya kruthu, engcotyeni foxtail, kwesingqengqelo ingca, edandelion, toadflax, knautia.
• uhlobo kumgxobhozo, nto leyo zibandakanya izityalo ubumanzi onothando.

Ezesintu "palette" Russia, njengoko sibona, libanzi kakhulu. uluhlu lweentlobo Territorial, apho ekuqaleni kuyaphawuleka, ngokwemigqaliselo ubuninzi landa ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi, kodwa ezinkqantosini ukunciphisa kancinane ngenxa kwimozulu eyomileyo, ukususela kuloo mathafa ezintabeni zikhule.

Ukulinywa kwezityalo

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, nohlaza komhlaba bavela ngaphandle koncedo lomntu ngqo, ngokulandelelana, zonke iintyatyambo kunye amakhambi aye yasendle. Uphuhliso Human kuye kwavula umhlaba iimfuno zakhe obrabatyvanii nokulima izityalo yokusetyenziswa zizo. Phantsi yempembelelo izityalo lamandla oluntu ekhulisa, safika izinto ezintsha. Ngaloo naziphi izityalo eyoze Latin lithetha "kulinywa", izityalo "processed" ezikhuliswa ukutya, amayeza, ukutya, njl D. Eyona iphambili izityalo ezilinyiweyo kukuba abazange bazibonise nokuba yindawo awazalelwa kwaye ngokwabo abakwazi nokuzala.

Namhlanje Izityalo ezininzi zenkcubeko ifunyenwe ongowasendle zobunjineli yemfuza zizalele okanye. iintyatyambo belima kunye nemithi zahlulwe iinkozo, kukujikeleza, imifuno, iziqhamo, emihle. Cinga izityalo ezilinyiweyo, uluhlu lweentlobo.

• izityalo cereal - izityalo, imveliso eziphambili okuziinkozo esetyenziswa njengokutya, izinto kwishishini, ukondla izilwanyana. Iindidi eziphambili izityalo bacinga ingqolowa, irye, nerhasi, ihabile, irayisi, amazimba, amazimba, buckwheat.
• Ifayibha lokutyala - ezo ezenziwe ifayibha kushishino lwamalaphu kweli. Eyona engundoqo iintlobo zezityalo kukujikeleza: neflakisi, dovhunets, umqhaphu, jute, hemp, kakpok, kenaf, sunn, sisal, furcraea.
• izityalo Imifuno ezityalwe ukuvelisa iziqhamo. Eyona engundoqo abameli: itumata, ipepile, seqanda, ekapa gooseberry, sekhaphetshu, cauliflower, watercress, isithombo, ithanga, ivatala, melon, yemixoxozi, iminqathe, beetroot, iseleri, hlaza, amatswele, igalikhi.
• izityalo yeziqhamo - izityalo ethwala iziqhamo. Ezi ziquka:-orenji, yelamuni, grapefruit, banana, avokhado, mango, nomrharnate, iidiliya, iiamangile, ikhokhonathi, nezinquma, istrawberry, gooseberry, currant.
• ezokuhombisa - izityalo asetyenziswa kokokuhombisa umhombiso kwizakhiwo, iindawo zolonwabo kwabantu. Iintlobo zezityalo ezokuhombisa zezi: Acacia, Barberry, Magnolia, Lilac, arborvitae, boxwood, konwele, wavuka, peony, carnation.

kukho iintlobo ezininzi nomtsalane zezityalo zokuhomba. Uluhlu imizekelo photo kunokubonwa kwincwadi yesikolo. Oku kuquka zasekhaya kunye neentyatyambo.

iintlobo zezityalo (uluhlu ikhaya houseplants) kubandakanya yokutheza okukhulu. Ngezantsi apha uya wachaza iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela ezinkulu Ukutyala zokuhomba.

izityalo gramineous

Le isityalo elide, zingcakacile, amagqabi emxinwa kunye umqadi eziqokelelweyo. Oku kuquka abameli ezifana AIR gramineous, arundinaria ecwebezelayo, ofiopogon Japanese, Chlorophytum, billbergia zibhetyebhetye, ezintle Wallot, Tillandsia usneevidnaya.

Kukho ezinye iintlobo ze houseplants. Olu luhlu luza kuthiwa thaca ngezantsi.

izityalo zaziya

izityalo zaziya - izityalo, iziqu ezimila zaziya. Forms zaziya: peperomiya, aucuba Japanese, achimenes, begonia, gipotsirta ze, Coleus, arrowroot, Pila.

Izityalo kunye uqonde olubangelwa

Izityalo kunye nkqo iziqu acacile, ukukhula ngokungqongqo nkqo neskhondo babe obude ahlukeneyo. Abameli Klein ngokucacileyo indlela, cleistocactus Strauss, Notocactus, leninghauza, trihotsereus felandra ezimhlophe, codiaeum, ube ngowakhe, Ficus, bokarneya, dieffenbachia, dracaena, esundu, yucca.

Imidiliya izityalo nengobozi

Liana kunye nezityalo akuxhome-izikali kudala, bhetyebhetye neskhondo kubavumela ukuba akhule kwaye abe lokubhalela. Abameli ivy, Epipremnum, ficus, Fitton, Werther, kolumneya, zigakaktus.

izityalo elisesifubeni lesinxibo

izityalo Isiqu kugesi ziye asisifutshane, nto leyo ekhokelela interstices maldevelopment kwaye libonelela coalescence amagqabi ngokusondeleyo bebekwe ngaxa linye. Ubungakanani ezi zityalo babambanayo mncinci kakhulu. Abameli gloxinia, primrose, sentpoliya (uzumbarskiye violet), Sempervivum tectorum.

izityalo globular

Izityalo Globular esibonakala ngokungabikho amagqabi kunye uhlobo bokuhlala esiqwini. Eyona phakathi kwazo Cacti. Imizekelo ezinjalo izityalo: Astrophytum, Mammillaria, lumo, rebyutsiya, Ferocactus, Echinocactus Gruson.