Iintlobo dysgraphia kunye dyslexia

Dysgraphia - yinto uhlobo kukwaphula ileta. Oku kwenzeka kuzo zombini abadala kunye nabantwana. Asingabo bonke abazali bazi ukuba iintlobo dysgraphia kwaye luphawulwa sifo. Kungenxa yoko le nto, senze ukugxojwa ethile le ncwadi, bathabatha Awuphesheya iimpazamo njengesiqhelo engxolisa umntwana ndingazazi imithetho upelo amagama athile. Kuyanconywa ukuba Pre-wayeqhelene awohluke of dysgraphia, ezo zichazwe kweli nqaku. Oku kuya kuvumela ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuhlola bahlambele baze balahle loo nto.

ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga dysgraphia kunye ezibangela izifo

Dysgraphia - ephula ethile le leta. Kaninzi kwenzeka bantwana. Iintlobo dysgraphia, nto leyo kwenzeka abantwana, luphawulwa iingxaki ekufundeni izakhono zokubhala. Esi sifo yenzeka umntwana kunye nophuhliso eqhelekileyo ubukrelekrele. Abazali abaninzi musa nangoko ndaqonda ukuba lo mntwana mthetho ngoku. Kaninzi kuthatha yona ngenxa yokuswela ulwazi.

○ (zonke iintlobo dysgraphia) awufumaneki ngokwabo. Isenokuba zikhatshwe zezinye izifo. Ezi ziquka dyslexia, wokungaphuhliswa jikelele zentetho, okanye ukukhubazeka engqondweni. Umntwana dysgraphia benze iimpazamo ezifanayo. Kokuba babe balindeleke ukuba ayakhekanga ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi eliphezulu ngengqondo, nto leyo ukubandakanyeka kwinkqubo yokubhala. Iintlobo dysgraphia, apho kwenzeka abantwana, ukuba ndibanike ezininzi iingxaki, ngenxa apho kunzima ukufunda eli kulwimi olubhaliweyo. Umntwana abanalo eli sifo akukho lula ukufundisa nokufunda.

Oyena nobangela ngqo sifo kunzima ukuchonga ngokwaneleyo. Ukuqulunqwa kwale ukuhlukunyezwa lichatshazelwe yimiba ezininzi. Omnye wabo kunokuba uphuhliso ngokungalinganiyo zifaka nedumbe lengqondo. Kukholelwa ukuba iintlobo dysgraphia kunye dyslexia ukusuka yofuzo kuvuka. Loo kophulwa nalo rhoqo kwenzeka xa abantwana bahlala kwiintsapho iilwimi.

ezibangela ezaziwayo kwezifo ezinzima:

1. Izinga eliphantsi ubukrelekrele. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ukuze bafunde ukufunda nokubhala, umntwana kufuneka ubuncinane umlinganiselo inqanaba lophuhliso. Kungenjalo, nibe ubunzima kwimbono yokuthetha nokukhumbula iileta nokubhala.
2. Ubunzima ekumiseleni ulandelelwano. Kulo mzekelo, umntwana akakwazi ukuqonda indawo elichanekileyo oonobumba ilizwi. Yena nokuba abhale ngokucothayo kwaye ngokuchanekileyo, nokuba ungxamile, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ivumela a lot of iimpazamo.
3. Ayikwazi ukuqhubekekisa ulwazi ezibonwayo. Kulo mzekelo, umntwana kunzima ukufunda. Yena akanako ngokukhawuleza sihlolisise oko akubonayo.

Ngokufuthi iintlobo dysgraphia (neuropsychology sithetha ngayo) kuthi abantwana abanabazali niqalise ukuba bafunde ukufunda, banganyamekeli unpreparedness yabo engqondweni. Ukuhlukunyezwa ukuze kwakheke yenzakala kanobom ebuchotsheni. Isifo nako kuba bekhubazekile. Kaninzi oonobangela kunganxulunyaniswa vagueness kunye incorrectness le ntetho yabanye.

Iintlobo ngeentlobo iimpazamo dysgraphia kwakhona kwenzeka abadala. Ukuhlukunyezwa kunokwenzeka emva kokuba ukugqithiselwa yokwenzakala traumatic ingqondo, stroke, zoqhaqho ezithile.

Dyslexia. ulwazi jikelele

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukongeza umntwana na dysgraphia dyslexia. Isifo luphawulwa ephula uyakhetha ubuchule kakuhle izakhono zokufunda nokubhala, lo gama kugcinwe ukukwazi ukufunda. It has a imvelaphi luvo.

Iingcali bacebisa ukuba abazali khangela umntwana ubukho dyslexia phambi kokuba uqale esikolweni. Imiqondiso yesi sifo kunganxulunyaniswa kufundwa kancinane lobeko yoonobumba. Utyelelo baphiwe leengxaki zokuthetha Kucetyiswa ukuba bonke abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka 6 ubudala.

Dyslexia, kwakunye dysgraphia kwenzeka ngenxa kuphuhliso ngokungalinganiyo zifaka nedumbe lengqondo. Ngabanye, le iintshukumo zokwaphulwa kwemithetho nje kwakhiwa. Ezi ndidi zilandelayo dyslexia:

• o;
• esemantiki;
• agrammaticheskaya;
• okubonakalayo;
• mnemonic.

Umntu dyslexia, kulula ukubona. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko babonwe bengachani ukufunda ubunzima ukubalisa kwakhona, zininzi iimpazamo xa bekhuphela, ingqwalasela enkulu kumba buciko ukucaphuka. Abantu abaye dyslexia, kuba izinto ngendlela engaqhelekanga yokubhala kubamba. Ukuba umntwana wakho uye uphawu enye ubuncinane, kucetyiswa ukuba isicelo kwangethuba kangangoko kunokwenzeka yincutshe.

Iqela abantwana abathanda dysgraphia

Odwelisiweyo kweli nqaku iindidi zemizekelo dysgraphia ukuba abazali ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze babone ukugxojwa emntwaneni wabo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi abantwana asengozini kakhulu kwesi sifo.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba dysgraphia kaninzi kwenzeka xa abantwana kuzibhala ngesandla sakhe sasekhohlo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho mfuneko zokubaqeqesha lefties. Abantwana ukhokela ngesandla sasekhohlo, kodwa ubhale ilungelo ngenxa umnqweno ngabazali, nabo, badla ngokujongana dysgraphia. Bona basengozini.

Nge iingxaki kwakhona kuphazamise abantwana abavela kwiintsapho iilwimi. Njengomthetho jikelele, nzima ukuba nolu sihlolisise ubuncinane enye yezi lwimi kakuhle. Amathuba izifo kwandisa ukuba umntwana wakho, kukho ezinye iingxaki zentetho.

Kungenzeka ukuba umntwana umbono othile phonetic kuvela dysgraphia. Kungenxa yoko le nto aba bantwana basengozini. Ngenxa umthetho, ukuba xanisa iileta. Umzekelo, bhala "com" endaweni 'ikhaya. " Kananjalo mispronounce magama uwabhale ngendlela eyiyo.

Iimpawu dysgraphia

Iintlobo dysgraphia kwi besikole abancinane imizekelo ayaziwa bonke abazali. Esi sifo abafane bathi bezifo. Kungenxa yoko le nto abazali bangenamava asazi uninzi ubukho kukophula enjalo. Ngoko akukho mfihlelo uxilongo yokuqala nasiphi na isifo unako ukumelana nayo ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Dysgraphia esibonakala iimpazamo ezithile yaye phindo ngexesha nokubhala. Azikho ezinxulumene intswela imithetho upelo. Iimpazamo luphawulwa ukubana okanye ukutshintshwa oonobumba. Kukho kukwaphula isakhiwo alpha-syllabic zelizwi.

Enye iimpawu yi nokubhala into engabonakaliyo. Kulo mzekelo, oonobumba zenziwe ezahlukeneyo ukuphakama kunye nokujikeleza. Bona kwakhona ngaphezulu okanye ngezantsi komgca.

Ezinye iintlobo dysgraphia kunye imposiso mlinganiswa bungabonakala ukuphazamiseka zentetho. Uqulathe eyona iimpazamo efanayo kule ncwadi. Kukho indawo rhoqo iileta rhoqo efanayo phonetic. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, xa ethetha ukwahlulwa amazwi alo inokubonakalisa, kwaye iziphakamiso ilizwi.

Iimpawu dysgraphia ikwaquka ubukho oonobumba amatsha amagama, okanye ukungabikho neziphelo. Ezi mpawu zixhaphakile kakhulu phakathi abantwana. Kusenokwenzeka ibekhona kwi kumatyala ayilunganga declination, kwisizukulwana kunye namanani. Ezi mpawu zenzeka intetho xa ndiseyimbumba.

Iimpawu dysgraphia iquka ukongeza amagama izinto ononyawo. Lomntu kunye sifo kuphazamiseka luvo, ukusebenza okungekuhlanga kunye nokwehla ephulaphule. abantwana abanjalo kubi ngokwaneleyo ukhumbule ulwazi. Kananjalo kufuneka babonwe ngokubhalela esipilini.

Uxilongo kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo dysgraphia. Iimpawu zesi sifo, apho self-besiya kuba

Ukumisela uhlobo dysgraphia - yinkqubo enzima. Njengomthetho jikelele, qaphela esi sifo kuba specialist kuphela. I ngaphambili ukuba banesifo, kokukhona kuya ayibulale.

Ukuthambekela dysgraphia emiselwe abantwana kokuya esikolweni kwiminyaka 3-5 ubudala. Oku kwenzeka ngokufuthi novavanyo lonyango, nto leyo efunekayo isicelo sokwamkelwa kwiziko lemfundo. Ukuxilonga sele zikhona, lokukwekwa okanye gca kwi sifo kuba ngokupheleleyo nayiphi na ubudala.

Uxilongo lwe dysgraphia kuyimfuneko zokukhethwa unyango kunye nokulungisa. Incutshe kufuneka ziphathwe kwimeko apho umntwana wazi yonke imithetho upelo, kodwa wenza iimpazamo. Uxilongo Kwakhona kufuneka ukuchitha, ukuba umfundi umana xa ukubhala iileta kwaye ithatha ngayo nabanye.

Lokuxilonga kunye neengcali basebenzisa amakhadi ilizwi. Enkosi kubo, uyakwazi ukuqhuba uviwo ngokupheleleyo ukuqinisekisa ubukho isigulane kwiindidi dysgraphia Lalaeva. Ikhadi ilizwi kufuneka ukhankanye yonke idatha malunga umntwana lwalo lokukhawulelana nophuhliso.

Kukho iimpawu dysgraphia, abazali, ukuhlola sigulo ngawakho yomntwana. Kubalulekile ukwazi kubo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba ukuqala ulungiso sifo kwangethuba kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Njengokuba besesitshilo ngaphambili, dysgraphia xa umntwana wakho ezininzi iimpazamo. Aba bantwana musa ukwahlula iincwadi zilandelayo:

• "L" yaye "R";
• "Z" yaye "E".

Egcine nokubhala into engabonakaliyo. Phantsi emlonyeni aba bantwana babhale kunokuba kancinci. Abazali badla Abaqondi ukuba umntwana lowo mthetho ngoku. Babeka ngenxa ukungakhathali lwakhe kunye nokungahoyi. Bakholelwa ukuba iingxaki ezinxulumene namnqweno ukufunda. Ootitshala ezi abafundi bamaBakala embi, kunye peer ukugculelwa. Kungenxa yoko le nto abazali banyanzelekile ukuba Pre-wayeqhelene iimpawu sigulo, ukuze sazi ukuba izinto xa ngokufumaneka.

Umntwana kunzima ukumelana nesi sifo. Iba kuyakhathaza. Ezi abantwana baqala zibuyela ngokwabo kwaye ukutsiba iiklasi. Ukufunda nokubhala engazisi injabulo.

imihlobo dysgraphia

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi dysgraphia. Kukho iindidi ezintlanu eziphambili:

• ive;
• agrammatichesky;
• articulatory-ive;
• okubonakalayo;
• motor.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iintlobo zokuphula. Amaninzi, iingcali uchaze iintlobo dysgraphia kwi besikolo abancinane Lalaeva.

RI Lalaeva chonga iintlobo ezintlanu zokuphula. Baba systematized waza wafunda isebe unyango kwintetho Herzen Herzen, apho asebenza raisa. Doctor of Education chonga ezi ntlobo zilandelayo dysgraphia:

• articulatory-ive;
• kophulwa amalungelo yezandi;
• agrammaticheskaya;
• okubonakalayo;
• ukuhlukunyezwa Uhlalutyo kweelwimi.

Olu luhlu lusetyenziswa ziingcali ze-ixhaphakileyo.

Abaphengululi abaninzi baye bafunda yaye liphuhlise iintlobo zabo dysgraphia. Noko ke, abazange babe yimpumelelo.

Inkcazelo yeendidi dysgraphia

Iintlobo dysgraphia Lalaeva kusetyenziswa ziingcali kakhulu. Eli nqaku lichaza zonke iintlobo, eziveliswe lisebe unyango kwintetho RGPU.

Amaninzi zifumaneka abantwana articulatory-ive dysgraphia. Kulo mzekelo, umntwana ubhala njengoko ethetha. Oku kusekelwe phezu Ukuqwalasela amagama unobumba. Amaninzi, umntwana tsiba kubeka iileta kwaye ithatha ngayo nabanye. iimpazamo badla sihlale kwileta emva kwentetho ulungiso.

Xa iimpazamo articulatory-ive dysgraphia hayi uhlala kwi leta. Kwezinye iimeko, nokungabikho iileta kunye nokutshintshwa kwazo kuvandlakanywa kuphela ngolwimi oluthethwayo.

Abantwana basoloko kutshintshwa intetho ebhaliweyo izandi umfutho, "P", "T", "W" ukuba "B", "D", "F". Ngalo lonk 'indawo nokufutha kwi amakhwelo. Kulo mzekelo, endaweni "F", "W" umntwana uthi: "Z", "C".

Iintlobo imizekelo dysgraphia leyo ichazwe kweli nqaku, bavumele abazali kunye iingcali zononophelo lwempilo yokuthetha ukukhetha ukulungiswa kakhulu efanelekileyo kakuhle. Unobangela sifo ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo lolwimi kunye neengxaki kuyondelelaniswe - ubunzima ngokwahlula izivakalisi zibe ngamagama. Xa abantwana dysgraphia ezifana iingxaki kunye ukwahlulwa amazwi alo nezandi. Kulo mzekelo, umntwana ukhumbula izikhamiso, amaqabane, kwaye kukho ezinyibilikiswe upelo.

Ingaqhelekanga kwaye ive dysgraphia (olwaphula ingqalelo lwezandi). Olu hlobo ephula luphawulwa ukutshintshwa ngobhalo iimpawu ezifanayo phonetic ( "Forest" - "iingcuka"). Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba yokubiza ichanekile. Amaninzi indawo iileta ezibonisa izandi zilandelayo: h t, h ^ kunye nabanye.

Acoustic view dysgraphia livela ukonyulwa elingachanekanga amaqabane ezithambileyo ebhaliweyo ( "pismo", "lubit"). articulatory kude kunye izandi ive nga ugalelwe kwiimeko ezinzima. Iintlobo dysgraphia ive aqhelekile kakhulu kubantwana zabasakhasayo.

Olunye uhlobo dysgraphia - agrammatichesky. Inxulunyaniswa hypoplasia lobume zegrama zentetho. Olu hlobo kubonakala kwinqanaba amagama, amabinzana, izivakalisi okanye itekisi. Kulo mzekelo, kukho ubunzima ekumiseleni uxhulumaniso ubhalo neelwimi kwaye phakathi kwezivakalisi ngolwimi ebhaliweyo abantwana. ulandelelwano yabo ayisoloko idibana kunye ukulandelelana kweziganeko ezichazwe. Kungenzeka kwakhona kubekho ukutshintshwa izimaphambili kunye nezimamva ( "waphuphuma" - "nahlestnula").

Kukwakho dysgraphia optical. Kulo mzekelo, umntwana akakwazi ukubhala ileta eyahlukileyo. Oku kungenxa yokusilela ukuqondwa kwesakhiwo yabo. unobumba ngamnye ubunjwe izinto ngamnye. Umntwana dysgraphia kokugcina singayiqondi inkqubo eziwafaka nokubhala.

Kukho kwakhona uhlobo olungumxube dysgraphia. Yintoni na uyakwazi ukufumana kwinqaku lethu. Dysgraphia Uhlobo mixed banesifo xa isigulana iintlobo ezikhoyo ezininzi izifo. Ukuze kukuphelisa ukugxojwa kunzima. Ngaphandle koncedo lweengcali buyafuneka.

specialist unyango dysgraphia

Kwezinye iimeko nganto ukumthethisa umntwana iimpazamo upelo kunye nokuthetha. bayakhuthazwa Abazali pre-sihlolisise oko dysgraphia. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba iimpazamo azinikezelwanga ezinxulumene namnqweno ukufunda, kodwa ukuhlukunyezwa. Ukuze bahlukane kuyo, kufuneka ukuba uthembele liyincutshe onamava, owayendifundisa ukuthetha.

inkqubo uhlengahlengiso Dysgraphia ihlala ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwalo, ngelishwa, akwanelanga. Dysgraphia lisoloko linxulunyaniswa nophuhliso sinesiphene omnye izakhiwo ebuchotsheni. Amaxesha amaninzi abantwana eyabelwe amayeza. Ngelishwa, ipilisi enye akayi ukulungisa le meko. Inxalenye engundoqo yamaziko sasilungiswa kwenzeka eklasini ukusuka owayendifundisa ukuthetha.

zibaluleke ngokwaneleyo ukunika inkxaso umntwana. Xa inkqubo yokulungisa abazali kufuneka nabo bathathe inxaxheba. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uninzi amaninzi ifumaneka notyeshelo yobudala engama 8-10. Ngeli xesha umntwana bangahlaziya ngokupheleleyo intetho ubhale ngayo. iintlobo ezahlukeneyo umzimba ukuphelisa dysgraphia (Grade 5) unako ukufumana kwinqaku lethu. Kufuneka ukwenza rhoqo umntwana ekhaya.

Abantwana dysgraphia basoloko ngenxa yeengxaki yayo. Ukuba uyoyika ukwenza iimpazamo. Kungenxa yoko le nto bedlala bengamatshivela yaye soyike ukwenza umsebenzi wesikolo. Abazali kufuneka baphathe lo mntwana ukuqonda yaye akukho kwimeko musa ukumthethisa kuye.

Ukwenzela ukuba ningaqali ukulungisa umntwana, ingcali yokuthetha kuyimfuneko ukufumanisa isifo kwaye amisele ukubonakala kwayo. Ngenxa yoko, njengokuba nditshilo ngaphambili, ingcali kusetyenziswa ikhadi intetho. Kufuneka ugcwalise izikhewu kwizakhono umntwana.

Emva nje isilungiso ikhosi isigulane kufuneka baye kufumana unyango nokubuyiselwa kwimo yesiqhelo. Oogqirha ukumisela unyango ngokwasemzimbeni, massage kunye yonyango ngamanzi.

Phantse kuzo abantwana dysgraphia kukho memory olubonakalayo elungileyo. Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi we kolungiso lwemposiso i alufanelekanga. izakhono umntwana ziyaphucuka. Nje kuya ulungise iimpazamo kwisicatshulwa ngokuzenzekelayo.

unyango dysgraphia kufuneka kwenzeke kwindawo bume umntwana. Eklasini, abeza kuyamkela iimvakalelo kuphela HIV. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, akunakubakho ukuphucula kuyo Nivakalise ilizwi isicatshulwa ukuba bazibhale izihlandlo eziliqela. Le nkqubo kungabangela ubutshaba kunye nokuba mathidala ukuba babhale nantoni na.

Intetho therapist kunye nabazali kuyo nayiphi na imeko kufuneka sibonise Ukuzixhalabisa ngokugqithiseleyo malunga nesifo. Uze ungalibali ukuba badumise umntwana wakho ukuba nkqu yimpumelelo minor.

Uqheliso ukulungisa dysgraphia kunye dyslexia

Iintlobo umzimba ukuphelisa dysgraphia (iBakala 5) kwaye ukuphunyezwa - yinto nqanaba ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo nokulahla kakubi. Kuyanconywa ukuba asebenze ngabo kunye nomntwana wakho yonke imihla. Oku kukuvumela ukuba bahlukane dysgraphia kunye dyslexia kweli xesha lifutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi kunye nemithambo ezikuvumela ukuba balahle na ukunyhashwa ngokubhala nokuthetha. Amaxesha amaninzi, iingcali bacebisa umntwana ukugxininisa oonobumba eziyingxaki.

Ukuze ukuphelisa dysgraphia Kucetyiswa ukuba ukusebenza kunye nemifanekiso ezikhethekileyo. Nika umfanekiso umntwana ekhoyo ngani kunye nolwakhiwo ilizwi. umfundi Okokuqala kufuneka igama isifundo, uze udwelise zonke izandi omnye ngamnye.

Abantwana kunye dyslexia kunye dysgraphia bayamenywa ukuba benze umthambo, eli eliza ufake oonobumba ezingekhoyo ngamagama. Ke umntwana kuya kufuneka ufunde eli gama ngokuvakalayo. Iingcali bancoma ukuba kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukubhala dictations. Oku kwenza kube lula kakhulu ngcono izakhono zokubhala.

Ootitshala abaninzi iintlobo dysgraphia, kunye nokulungiswa yeeklasi zabo ayaziwa kumaziko emfundo, njengokuba umthetho, akwenziwanga. Ukuba utitshala ekungxolisa ngento benze kakubi kwizifundo lo mntwana, nto leyo inxulunyaniswa ukufunda okanye ukubhala ayilunganga amagama, abazali kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ngenxa lo mba kwaye bajonge oyingcali moshilongo.

Ukuze bayeke abantwana dysgraphia yaleza ukuqeqesha izakhono motor kwezandla usebenzisa labyrinths - umntwana kufuneka ukuba ukrwele umgca unseparated. Izincomo nentaba ukuwasebenzisa ngokufezekileyo. Kulo mzekelo, umntwana kufuneka zisuswe kusuka isambuku okubhaliweyo yanikwa unobumba.

UPawulos

Dysgraphia - sisifo luphawulwa ukuphazamiseka ulwimi olubhaliweyo. It phantse lonke sihambisana dyslexia. Chonga ezi zifo kunzima. Amaxesha amaninzi, abazali lityala bomntwana kuba befuna ukufunda. Ngenxa Inqaku lethu uya kufumanisa ukuba iintlobo ezininzi kangakanani na dysgraphia limi kwi unyango kwintetho mihla kunye nendlela ebonakala. Oku kuya kuvumela nabani na onqwenela ukwahlula waphula ulwimi olubhaliweyo noluthethwayo nokubhala.