Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo e Iraq: isishwankathelo, imbali kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Eli lizwe, kufuma amabali, yindawo ekuzalelwe kuyo amaqhawe yamandulo. Imbali olwalubalulekile eli lizwe, isixa elingu iziza zokwakha, ezenkolo archaeology wenze Iraq enye yeendawo ezininzi umdla kwi planethi yethu. Nkqu iziganeko ebuhlungu mashumi yakutshanje baye basilela iyaluthintela uphuhliso kwezokhenketho, nangona ngoku ayikho kwimeko engcono.

Ngena kwilizwe ezimibalabala, apho ibali liphela - nto iimfazwe ezininzi, kunzima kakhulu, kodwa iinkumbulo uhambo zemozulu ziya nobuhlala ixesha elide.

Iraq: izinto kunye nolwazi jikelele

The Republic of Iraq, nto leyo yahlulahlulwe kumaphondo-16, likhokelwa ngumongameli. Ummandla lizwe ingaphezulu kwe-441 lamawaka ^km2, kodwa ikomkhulu Baghdad. Yiyiphi ixhomekeke intlambo phakathi kwe iTigris nomEfrate, Islamic State unawo zolondolozo yesibini ngobukhulu ioli kunye seshumi ngobukhulu iidipozithi zamalahle zendalo. Uninzi kokuba kubekwe kwindawo sezulu lohlobo lizwekazi kunye ehlobo ebusika ezishushu. Siphila kwilizwe apho malunga 31 yezigidi zabantu, kuxhomekeke kubekwe umthetho, kwaye kufuneka iqwalasele wayetyelele ikhowudi yamaMuslim yokuziphatha.

Urhulumente, nto leyo isixelela ntoni impucuko eziphambili kunye nembali yazo zizityebi, namhlanje sele spot eshushu le planethi. Ngo-Iraq, imibombo leyo angawaconganga imfazwe, kwaye imeko ezingazinzanga yezopolitiko kuyaqhubeka unanamhla. Ngelishwa, asiyiyo yonke ezikhumbuzo zembali yokwakha hi nga langutana, ekubeni abaninzi yatshatyalaliswa ekulweni. Siya kugxininisa kakhulu umdla nezaziwayo phakathi sites babatyeleli:

• Al-Askari Engcwele.
• Enqaba kwenyanga uthixo uNanna.
• Engcwabeni konyana uMprofeti uMuhammad e-mthetho.
• EBhabhiloni amanxuwa.
• Archaeological Museum.
• Golden Mosque.

Ukubandezeleka i Al-Askari ingcwele in Samarra

Xa kufikwa ezinomtsalane eziphambili Iraq, ndingasathethi Al-Askari mosque, ixhoba emva kolo hlaselo. Eyona US noseko eli lizwe, elakhiwa ngenkulungwane IX kwisixeko Samarra, omnye ezinomtsalane athandwa kakhulu phakathi kubakhenkethi. Le lokukhonzela inkulu, izihlandlo eziliqela ngokutsha, ikhuselwe UNESCO kwaye isaziwa ubutyebi wesizwe Iraqis. I ENgcweleni, apho kulala khona zamasilamsi ezimbini, edume amajukujuku baso malunga 68 eemitha eliphezulu. Ngelishwa, ngenxa yokuhlaselwa ngabagrogrisi ngo-2006, yena kunye zamaRoma ababini zonakala kanobom, kwaye umsebenzi wokulungisa lwaqhutywa kwisithuba seminyaka eliqela.

Ngoku ke uThixo amajukujuku akufanelekanga ixhanyulwe liyakhanya, kodwa Uyabahombisa cityscape. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba lokukhonzela elihle yaba nombindi izenzo zomkhosi, siyaqhubeka ukutsala nabasemzini ndileqeka baqubuda kwindawo engcwele.

Enqaba uthixo wenyanga uNanna e Uri

Ngokuba iwaka leminyaka emine BC kwi imeko yamandulo ngokupheleleyo kubomi ngokupheleleyo. Amaqaba indawo ababingeleli, ligcinwe apha emimoya kunye imigqaliselo ngeenkwenkwezi, ibonisa inkcubeko yaseSamariya - impucuko phambili kakhulu, izinto ezifihlakeleyo ezo sikwavulelekile ukuba unanamhla. Inqaba, simulating ntaba, phantsi uthixo wenyanga uNanna, ukwenza uhambo lwabo ngapha isibhakabhaka ebusuku, apho echaza iziphiwo ezahlukeneyo.

Inqaba enkulu kunye uqikelelo multi-enamanqanaba, namathambeka, zipeyintwe ngemibala eyahlukileyo, isuntswana efana iiphiramidi umYiputa, encotsheni leyo ingcwele isithixo. Abaphandi bamangaliswa kukuba Iraq i nal ekhethekileyo, eyakhiwe ngezitena eziqhelekileyo, azaba nakuma isixa esikhulu kangaka ixesha.

Imam Ali Mosque e Najaf

Enye zonqulo ezibalulekileyo yehlabathi Muslim engcwabeni unyana ngokwasemthethweni sabo uMprofeti Muhammad - Ali Ibn Abi Talib. Ekuqaleni, kwabonakala phezu ingcwaba lakhe X ngenkulungwane, kodwa kungekudala lokukhonzela yatshatyalaliswa umlilo eyoyikekayo, kwaye ixesha layo wachacha. Elise yembutho ephambili yesixeko, yinto Umtsalane woKhanketho ebalulekileyo Iraq, apho watyelelwa amawaka nabasemzini, ukuba imbeko kwisikhumbuzo Imam. Kukho kwakhona eyunivesithi ezaziwayo-kakuhle banika ihlabathi abashumayeli kunye namadoda bafunda abathe benza igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso Islam abaninzi.

Ngo-2004, kwiiveki ezintathu izimpi phakathi Shiites esongela ukuqhushumba etempileni, kunye mfelandawonye, kodwa itempile Golden Gate kunye amajukujuku ihonjiswe engazivumeli kangako, kunye nentwana le zokudubula zibonakala phezu kodonga lesikhumbuzo zonqulo kuphela.

kumabhodlo eBhabhiloni

Mhlawumbi akukho mntu akeva waseBhabheli nenqaba engagqitywanga. Uqhekekile umzi samandulo, ukubonakala kwiincwadi zembali zonqulo, ungabona elikhulu ukusuka Baghdad - elikomkhulu Iraq. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo (sites archaeology), sifunda ubuqaqawuli edlulileyo kubemi-Aram phakathi kwemiLambo, ukuba nomtsalane kubakhenkethi uphupha simazi kakuhle esi sixeko sidala kweli hlabathi apho kwakukho isisitheliso Gardens waseBhabheli, amabhotwe likaNebhukadenetsare kunye neminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yehlabathi.

Amaziko magingxigingxi yaye nempembelelo impucuko yamandulo, elele kweenxweme umEfrate, yayikhona kuze ixesha njengoko oko kuye kuthinjwa ukumkani wamaPersi uKoreshi. IBhabhiloni eside, kodwa amabhodlo ubangel cwaka Bothetha ngamandla isixeko waseBhabhiloni (ngoko ke kuthiwa Iraqis). Amanxiwa zembali kunye iintsalela sokuhlala of uNebhukadenetsare, indlela asphalt, inqaba yokumkani, uIshtar Isango kwatsala ingqalelo zakudala ehlabathini lonke, kuye kwacaca ukuba kwakukho iitempile ngaphezu kwama-50 nooAshera 300, babanqula, oothixo zasekuhlaleni.

Namhlanje, le ndawo cishe, wacinga omkhulu lesikhumbuzo zakudala kuzo zonke amaxesha nabantu bangandwendwela Bobi nganye, ngubani ugqiba kwelokuba aye Iraq, eshiya andinakuyilibala.

Ebuncwaneni lizwe

Isixeko samandulo, apho kwake engundoqo eMesopotamiya, linokubizwa ngokuba ubuncwane weli lizwe. I sixeko giant ibamba inani elikhulu ezikhumbuzo, yaye phakathi kwabo kufuneka ukhankanye Archaeological Museum - a Umtsalane woKhanketho elaziwayo Iraq. ingqokelela kwakhe equlathe malunga 10,000 nezinto nanto i yaseSamariya, aseBhabhiloni kunye nezinye izityalo, kuya kubangela uvuyo lokwenyaniso bonke abathanda imbali. Ngexesha kuqhuma myuziyam uvaliwe iindwendwe, kodwa namhlanje iye kwakhona yazivula iingcango zayo zonke ukubenza.

Ngokwemiyalelo owayesakuba nguMongameli Hussein Al-Shaheed Monument elimiswe 1983, ibekwe phakathi ichibi lokwenziwa. Ukunikezela ukuba amajoni Iraq, ibe iquka amajukujuku ophezulu aluhlaza, imenyezela kwelanga. iziqingatha zayo ezimbini phakathi apho kurhawula ilangatye ongunaphakade, lisisiqalo enye kwenye, yaye ngaphantsi kubo ngumphakamo komhlaba lweziko mboniso, imyuziyam nethala leencwadi.

Golden Mosque e Baghdad

Abakhenkethi labanjwa kweli lizwe zivumelekile ukuba zizenzele izigqibo ngokwabo ukubona e Iraq, kodwa ukupasa Golden Mosque e Baghdad akakwazi. Isixeko yamandulo ezixineneyo ubuncwane zokwakha emangalisayo, kodwa isakhiwo zembali, zazihonjiswe, yaye etsala amehlo abakhenkethi.

I gilt lwesakhiwo yokwakha omangalisayo zamaRoma kunye eziphakamileyo ezahlukeneyo ezisibhozo usithande akanaso nobuhle. zokungena mosque zama iithayile imibala kunye stalactites weempawu neendonga lesikhumbuzo zonqulo ezihonjiswe ngemibhalo calligraphic ezenziwe script entle Arabhu. I Kumbindi engcwabeni, kwaye imams nabakhenkethi abakwazi ukubona; kuba igalelo "ephosakeleyo," kuyathintelwa, kangangokuba baya kunandipha isakhiwo, ngokungathi bayinzala amaphepha kukho nentsomi Oriental, kude.

Kweli nqaku siye sazama ukuba phawula engundoqo kunye ezinika eziphambili Iraq, nangona kunjalo, ukuba usixelele ngazo zonke ezinqabileyo, idume izinto ezininzi ukubona lizwe, akunakwenzeka. Amaninzi, apha kuza abalandeli kakhulu lithemba adrenaline, kodwa kwakhona sele ukuhlawula ngabakhenkethi abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo ukutyelela ilizwe twi ningachukumisi iimfihlelo yamandulo.