Iindawo ezimangalisayo eRussia yiLadoga. Kuphi iLake Ladoga

Kukho ilizwe elinomtsalane eRashiya, umtsalane uqhotyoshelweyo kummandla oqaqambileyo wesibonakaliso samachibi amaninzi. Olunye ulwazi malunga nale ndawo enhle inokufumaneka kule nqaku. Iya kukuxelela malunga nokuhlukahluka kweendawo ezikulo mmandla, malunga nalapho uLwandle Ladoga ikhona khona. Inkcazelo iya kunikwa.

Le ntsimi ihlala kwindawo esenyakatho-ntshona yeRashiya enkulu. Iyingqondi kwaye ngexesha elifanayo liyamangalisa kwaye liyahluka. Iifama zeTaiga zithatyathwa ngamagqabi afubileyo amafuferi, ama-cranberries kunye nama-crranberries. Iindawo ezintle kakhulu zihlotshiswe ngamahlathi asepruce kunye namahlathi amancinci.

Iphi iLake Ladoga?

Le ngenye yamachibi amaninzi amanzi aseYurophu. Ubude buyi-219 km, kwaye ububanzi obukhulu buyi-138 km. Ummandla wasempumalanga nenyakatho ungowaseKarelia, kwaye ulwandle olusezantsi nolumzantsi-mpuma luya kummandla waseLeningrad. Umthamo wamanzi wale echibi ngowama-908 km³.

Yaye phi ivela kwiLake Ladoga? Indlela yokuzalisa izibonelelo zamanzi? Oku kubangelwa imilambo emininzi ephuma kuyo (kukho 35 kuwo). Kwaye umlambo owodwa uvela eLadoga - i-Neva.

Ubude bomgca wolwandle lwaseLadoga Ichibi likhulu kuneekhilomitha enye neekhilomitha. Ummandla ungama-18135 km ². Ukukhululeka kwezantsi kunemibono ecacileyo kwingxenyana esenyakatho kwaye iyancipha kumzantsi. Ubunzulu belibi lihluka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo: kwicandelo lasemantla ukusuka kuma-60-220 m kunye ne-15-70 m kwinxalenye esezantsi.

Iimpawu zendawo

Lapho kukho iLake Ladozhskoe, enye into iboniswayo: iphakamileyo kwaye iphakame iibhanki, ngakumbi ubunzulu beli liziko kule ndawo. Inkulu kunazo zonke kwi- Valaam archipelago. Kuyi 233 yamitha.

Kulo zibi zikhulu malunga ne-500 ezinkulu neziqithi ezincinane. Iyona enkulu kunazo zonke zise-Valaam. Iziqithi ezininzi zihlukana phakathi komnye ngamancinci - i-skerries, ezinika ubuhle obunqamlekileyo obuhle. I-Lake Ladoga ekhethekileyo kunye neLoga.

Uphi umthombo woMlambo weNeva?

Lo ngumlambo kuphela ovela kwiLake Ladoga. Umlomo we-Neva yi-Neva Bay (iGulf of Finland) yoLwandle lwaseBaltic. Umlambo ugeleza kwiNgingqi yaseLeningrad. Kwimihlaba yayo iidolophu ezine kunye neendawo ezininzi ezincinci. Umlambo uhamba ngokugqithiseleyo.

Ekubunjweni kwechibi

Isitya sesityebi sinemvelaphi ye-glacial-tectonic. Kanye (kwixesha lamaPaleozoic) kwiminyaka engama-400 yezigidi edlulileyo, ummandla werhafa lamanzi yanamhlanje wawuhlanganiswe ulwandle. Indawo yasungulwa phantsi kweempembelelo ze-glacier ze-Valdai glaciation (malunga ne-12 000 leminyaka edlulileyo). Emva kokubuya kwakhe, kwakhiwa iLittorin Sea, uphawu lomhlaba lwaluyimitha engama-7 ukuya phezulu kunezinga lesibuko samanzi oLwandle lwaseBaltic lwangoku .

Ngaphambili, uLwandle lweLittorin lwaluxhunyiwe kwi-echibi ngecala elibanzi, kunye nomlambo. Wayehamba waya empuma kwaye wawela kuwo.

Apho iLake Ladoga ngoku, umhlaba wasukuma ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ngoko i-echibi yajika yaba yindawo evaliweyo emva kwexesha. Umgangatho wamanzi waqala ukwandisa, amanzi ayo aphakamisa umlambo womlambo. Iza kwaye yaqhekeka eTosna Valley. Kwiminyaka engama-4000 eyadlulayo kwakukho umda phakathi kweGulf of Finland kunye neLadoga Ichibi, okwangoku intili yomlambo. I-Neva. Ukukhutshwa kwexesha elidlulileyo malunga ne-2,5 leminyaka eliqhelekileyo alinakuguqulwa.

Ingxenyana esenyakatho yeLakega eLakega itholakala kwi-shield ye-crytic crystalline, kunye nenxalenye esemzantsi kwi-East Europe platform.

Ukususela kwimbali yeLashiga Ichibi

Ikhefu elichazwe likhoyo kwenye yeemephu zokuqala zelizwe laseMoscow, elalihlanganiswe ngo-1544 nguSebastian Munster (umdwebi webalazwe waseJamani). Imephu ecacileyo yenziwe nge-1812 phantsi kweSebe le-Admiralty.

ULadoga waseRashiya isoloko yintsimi ebaluleke kakhulu ebalulekileyo. Ngekhulu le-9 kukho indawo ebalulekileyo yamanzi ukusuka kuma-Varangi ukuya kumaGrike. Kukho ubungqina obubhaliweyo bokuba khona kwechibi elikhulu laseNevo (igama leLake Ladoga kwiintsuku zakudala) - ingxelo yeRashiya yasendulo, eyayi-1228. Kwaye inkunzi yokuqala ngaphambi kokuba i-Kievan Rus ibe yintlangano yeLadoga Lake p. Volkhov. Ixesha likaPetrovsky linxulumene nale chibi. Kwakhona uLadoga Ichibi labona iimfazwe zeMfazwe yaseMntla.

Naphi na iLake Ladoga ikhona, kukho izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zembali. Zonke azibhalwanga. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iLake Ladoga yiyona "iNdlela yoBomi" ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Ininzi yonxweme lolwandle kweli xesha elilukhuni leli lizwe lalingumsebenzi waseJamani-waseFinnish. Abantu baseLeningrad banqunyulwa kwihlabathi lonke. Kuphela kwinqanaba elantsi-ntshona yelibi lavulelwa ukuthetha kunye nemikhosi yaseSoviet (1941-1943). Le ndlela yaqala ukusuka kwi-port yase-Osinovets eLadoga Ichibi kwaye yaphela kumaziko aseLeningrad.

Ngaphezulu kwexesha elikhoyo lobukho bendlela, ngaphezu kweetoni eziyi-1.5 yezigidi zithwala impahla, ezenza ukuba abasindileyo beLeningrad baxhomeke kuze kube yilapho ikhushulwa. Abantu abangaba ngu-900 baxoshwa kule ndlela.

Ininzi yembali igcinwe kule chibi elikhulu. Namhlanje, kwindawo apho kubaluleke khona "iNdlela yoBomi", kukho iintsika eziyi-102 kunye nezikhumbuzo ezi-7. Zonke zifakiwe kwi "Belt Belt of Glory". Yimemori yexesha elidlulileyo kunzima.