Iimpawu ikhowudi yezofuzo kunye nenkqubo DNA ogcweleyo

Phantsi ikhowudi yezofuzo lidla bendiqonda inkqubo imiqondiso ebonisa indawo nucleotides olulandelelanayo iikhompawundi DNKa RNKa kwaye ekwafanekisa inkqubo uphawu ezahlukeneyo ezivakalisa ngokulandelelana iikhompawundi acid acid kwi molecule protein.

Oku kubalulekile!

Xa oosonzululwazi baye bakwazi ukufunda iimpawu ikhowudi yezofuzo, omnye nsimbi eziphambili liye waqaphela. Ewe, uyinqaba ngolu hlobo, zonke izinto eziphilayo Simanywe eyodwa jikelele, ikhowudi, eqhelekileyo yemfuza. Kuye kwasekwa kwixesha ixesha elide, kwaye inkqubo luyaphela zimalunga nesi-3.5 billion kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Ngenxa yoko, xa isakhiwo ikhowudi kufumaniseka ukuba aba lolu womgaqo zazivelela wayo, ukususela ekusekweni kwayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

Xa sithetha ngokulandelelana eziqalelo kwi ikhowudi yemfuza, nto leyo ethetha ukuba akukho umbhodamo, kodwa umyalelo echazwe ngokungqongqo. Kwaye ikwayiyo becala kugqiba iimpawu ikhowudi yezofuzo. Oku kuyalingana kwindawo koonobumba iisilabhili ngamagama. Kufuneka aphule umyalelo wesiqhelo, kwaye inkoliso oko ukufunda iincwadi okanye kumaphepha ndaba ijike ibe gibberish etyeni.

Eyona engundoqo iimpawu ikhowudi yezofuzo

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i ikhowudi ithwala kukodwa naluphi na ulwazi okubhalwe ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Ukuze ukucazulula ulwazi lwe ikhowudi yezofuzo, kuyimfuneko ukwazi iimpawu ezikhethekileyo.

Ngoko ke, iimpawu ezingundoqo ikhowudi yezofuzo - is:

• triplet;
• komsebenzi okanye degeneracy;
• yokuvelela;
• ukuqhubeka;
• senditshilo nsimbi.

Makhe ahlale kwipropati nganye.

1. triplet

Le compound xa nucleotides amathathu benza ikhonkco mbali phakathi molecule i nucleic acid (ngamanye DNA okanye RNA). Oku kwenza triplet compound okanye codon. Lo codon buqonda omnye acid ukufumana indawo yayo peptides chain.

Ukwahlula codons (eyaziwa ngokuba ikhowudi amagama!) Xa eziwafaka lezibuko kunye nohlobo nitrogen (nucleotides) efakwe ukwakhiwa kwawo.

Izakhi oko wagqiba ama 64 udidi codon. Basenokuba kuba indibaniselwano ntlobo ezine nucleotides kwi-3 kumbuzo ngamnye. Esi sakhiwo kulingana ngexabiso inani 4 kumlinganiselo wesithathu. Ngenxa yoko, ukwakheka lwendibaniso-64 nucleotide.

2. Le komsebenzi we ikhowudi yezofuzo

Lo mhlaba ingalandwa ukuba khowudi omnye acid acid codon kufuna eziliqela, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi 2-6. Kuphela methionine acid asidi kwaye tryptophan inokuba enkhowudwa usebenzisa enye triplet.

3. Le yokuvelela

Yinxenye iimpawu ikhowudi yezofuzo njengoko isalathisi ufuzo yemfuza esempilweni. Umzekelo, urhulumente ezilungileyo igazi, hemoglobini eqhelekileyo atshele oogqirha emi kwindawo yesithandathu kwi umqokozo GAA triplet. Yaba nguye owenza ulwazi malunga haemoglobin, yaye lowo ufakwe glutamic acid. Ke ukuba umntu anemia ogulayo, omnye nucleotides ithathwa yi enye incwadi ikhowudi - Y, nto leyo ke umqondiso esi sifo.

4. Ukuqhubekeka

Xa urekhoda of iimpawu ikhowudi yezofuzo kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba codons njengoko amakhonkco chain zilungiswe hayi kule ngingqi, kwaye kufutshane ngqo omnye komnye kwikhonkco asidi acid, yaye lo mxokelelwane aziphazamiseki - ukuba akanasiqalo nasiphelo.

5. nsimbi

Asimele silibale ukuba zonke izinto on Earth babelana ikhowudi efanayo yemfuza. Kwaye kuba obeku- kunye nabantu, izinambuzane neentaka webaobab eGood yaye wasinda ukuqanduselwa ngaphandle kwengca yomhlaba ezintathu efanayo beminwe yi asidi ezifanayo acid.

Ihlala zofuzo ulwazi olusisiseko malunga neempawu ephilayo, kukho uhlobo lwenkqubo ukuba umzimba ufumana ilifa elivela zamandulo ababehlala apho nje ikhowudi yezofuzo.