Iikowuteshini Remarque. UErich UMariya bathi: iikowuteshini, aphorisms kunye namazwi

UErich UMariya bathi ... Kuyinto enkulu ngokwenene nobuntu bakhe - Classic, leyo umiselwe ukuba ukubhala umphefumlo utyiwa samaxesha abangcangcazelisi iimfazwe zehlabathi ...

Ekuqaleni, igama lakhe kuthiwa njengoko UErich Paul sokumakishwa kwakhona kwesikripthi. Eneminyaka elikhulu ubudala ngexesha kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, yena phantse waba sisiqhwala kuba amanxeba ezintlanu idabi afe. Oogqirha kwangaphambili ukuba ubukho emifutshane nolusizi angenzakali, koko bakhe amandla omoya wayenamandla. Noko ke, kuvuthelwa nto inkwantyisayo Eric ukufa mbilini intlungu transferred nokuthiswa kanina - nonyaka kamva, emva kokuba longxwelerhiweyo. Kamva iikowuteshini Remarque wasebenzisa biographers, echaza wabathumela nje intlungu: "Umama - oku inhliziyo kunazo zonke eziphezu komhlaba. Umama - elithetha: ukuxolela, ibingelele ngokwethu ".

Umbhali italente Special

Njengoko kucocwa yakhe, ukuba abe mascot nokuswelekelwa abayinqobo kuye, wakuba Isicombululo: ukubuyisela kwindawo nokuthiywa yayo ezele "UPawulos" egameni sikanina - Maria. UErich wayecinga ukuba kuya kuqhubeka ukuze anyamekele ubomi bakhe, yesikolo bengagqibanga, zitshile imfazwe.

Ukusuka kunye neengcinga lwengcingane kwaba ngokulungelelanisiweyo lokuba le ndoda abanetalente. Mhlawumbi, ngoko, ucaphula iincwadi Remarque ngothando nemfazwe, womntu neemvakalelo zakhe ukuyiphatha umphefumlo readers.

Ngamanye amaxesha iingcinga yombhali bebesenjenjalo aziwa, emfutshane, ngqo, original, bakhumbula kwaoko umfundi, abe aphorisms.

Remarque uqala umsebenzi wokubhala

Not hothouse sisikolo sobomi, yena waye kwiminyaka omncinane. umzimba Strong nangoku kuphila. Emva kokuba ababuleweyo, yena uzama ukubeka njengemvumi, umqhubi moto, yaye emva koko - njenge intatheli. Ngeli xesha wayebhala imisebenzi yokuqala kwisimbo embhoxo eendaba yethabloyidi enamakhasi. Noko ke, emva kweminyaka emihlanu ingalandwa yayo ecacileyo yokukhulisa kulo msebenzi awuqeqeshelweyo; yena siphathiswe umsebenzi ophambili e-Europe - ukuba othile Hanover kupapasho "Echo of Continental." Yaba isikolo elungileyo. Emva eJamani, waba ngumhleli ngeveki "Bild Shport kubo."

Ukudalwa umbhali yenoveli malunga iMfazwe Yehlabathi I ihlabathi osenyongweni

Kwiminyaka emine emva koko, Remarque ithatha up inoveli yokubhala, bezise udumo nobutyebi kuye - ". Zonke Angawokuphumla kwi Western Front" ibali yokwenene i inkosi obalaseleyo iprozi malunga nabantu alishiye ngokonwaba, oludilikayo searing Iziko imfazwe, kwanyanzeleka ukuba bafe kwamawaka. Emva koko, lo inoveli iphambene ngokucacileyo ukuba amandla Hitler, nomtsalane kubafundi nobuntu, umdla nemfesane kwabo, bazishiya ugonyamelo.

Ibhalwe ngathi sokuba yentlekele German kwiminyaka engama-40, bakhaya kokubalisa ibe wefula kunaso. Iingcali ziyavuma ukuba uncwadi ehlabathini le inoveli incwadi ilungileyo I World War.

kwalandela - ethi "The Return" - Wayethetha bexesha yombhali, owathi, bekhubazekile ngokwasemzimbeni nangokomoya, bebuyile ngaphambili ebomini emkhosini, abazange ibango, noko amnye ebantwini.

ukuthuthela ngenkani

Akukho mprofeti kowabo. Kungekudala wayevele wabiza imisebenzi yombhali "mbuso." Umbono sezifundo ezibuhlungu ungquzulwano zomkhosi umbhali ngokucacileyo akazange kunye Goebbels ngcinga ngamaSoshiyali, owafika amandla 30 eJamani idibana. AmaNazi uthi imibhalo yakhe "buthathaka umoya isiJamani", yaye Amazwi UErich noMariya yaba 'owayelutshaba uMlawuli. "

AmaNazi, ngaphandle ubuqaba kwafuneka nto ukuba bayayichasa inyaniso ukunyaniseka sisifundileyo ibali malunga bayahlelwa esizukulwaneni sakhe, imfazwe, neqwengiweyo, iincwadi zakhe "inenkohliso" bazitshisa esidlangalaleni. Umbhali, esoyika impindezelo, bafudukela eSwitzerland.

40 iminyaka ekuthinjweni ...

Nokuba lo umbhali elide yokushiywa ungqamene kufuna ixesha likaMoses "ledinga 'abantu bakhe? Remarque wazibonakalisa ngaphandle kwilizwe, kungekuphela nje umbhali - a ngokuthanda uhlanga, kodwa njengoko ngumbhali - sobulumko. wabhala wathi: "Ixesha a ukumphilisa ...".

lubonisa Classic ezincwadini zakhe lonke umoya German real - umoya iinkcuba, nabantu, abasebenzi, enzulu zokwazisela nentlekele kwilizwe lakhe kunye bakowabo. Umoya ofanayo ezibangele ukuthetha kamva malunga i "ummangaliso isiJamani" - imvuselelo ngokukhawuleza kweli lizwe.

Ukusuka eSwitzerland, wafudukela eFransi, yaye emva koko - eMexico, emva koko - eUnited States. "Emigrant" lakhe iinoveli - "Arc de Triomphe", "Le Night e Lisbon", "Mthande ummelwane wakho" - ziye lenkundla kuncwadi ehlabathini. Ababephila baqonde: ngumdla wabhala Remarque.

imisebenzi Yakhe - "Maqabane ezintathu", "Arc de Triomphe", "ekubolekiswe Ubomi", "Le Night e Lisbon." "Black Obelisk", "Ixesha Phila Nexesha Die" - zaziwa ngokubanzi kwaye iyaqhutywa. Iimbono eziqulathwe kubo Remarque, yaye ezibonisiweyo efanelekileyo.

Nganye kweenoveli Remarque kaThixo imfaneleyo umntu inqaku eyahlukileyo, kodwa unako ukubhala omnye eneenkcukacha kuphela thina.

"Arc de Triomphe"

I inoveli "Arc de Triomphe" Remarque ebhaliweyo ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II eUnited States, apho bathutha. Isisekelo - kwebali kuyinyaniso ukuba emigrant isiJamani, uGqr Fresenburg ukuba amazwe wasebenzisa igama elingelilo Ravik. Kwangaxeshanye, Remarque abenziwe ngokomfanekiselo umlinganiswa ophambili yenoveli eninzi siqu ...

Le - incwadi ngamazwi, ngokuba, nangona yelenqe kwayo ligubungela iminyaka yemfazwe igazi elimsulwa, leitmotif walo luthando. Uthando "akuthethi kweso ubuhlobo." Kulo msebenzi, kwaba nje indlela umbhali, - kukho Iyamangalisa umsebenzi wakhe. Imbali onesiphiwo German ugqirha Ravick ngokungekho bahlala eParis, imvakalozwi esebenzayo, kunyanzeleka ugcine yesazisi yakhe abafundi ukushiya sona, ngenxa yokuba 'uchitha ubomi bakhe ezihotele ezininzi ", bekhumbula ilizwe pre-imfazwe, alibiza i" paradesi ezilahlekileyo ".

ububanzi Ravick yomfanekiso nobuntu umbhali wayo

Remarque wadala "Arc de Triomphe", hayi ukunika iimpawu umlinganiswa ophambili ngesisa ngokuphila kwakhe kuphela. Like Dr. Ravik akaba, bahlala lweenkobe Germany wakhe (zamaNazi bechithe ngabemi yakhe). Njengoko wayesilwa kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I. Njengoko ophambili yenoveli, mna ke eluthandweni. Noko ke, lemfundo Zhoan Madu yaba ngere- kakhulu real - Marlene eDietrich, naye Remarque ngowe-1937 kwakuyinto eliqaqambileyo kwaphela ukufa kuphela umbhali ngo-1970. Yaba i ungonwabanga ukuthandana, ngokuba Marlene ayidalwanga ubomi bentsapho ... ingxelo abanamakhono uthando lwabo umbhali webali yenza abafundi bakhumbula iikowuteshini Remarque besonwabela zemibongo yabo sublime.

Yintoni enye encothula ndawonye umbhali omkhulu German kwinkulungwane XX kunye Dr. Ravick? Intiyo lwamaNazi. Apha ebalini, incwadi uGqirha ibulala e Paris amaGestapo umxhomi Haake kunye nokuhlukunyezwa dovedshy isithandwa sakhe ukuzibulala.

ibambeke uMdali sinalento, umbhali-mkhosi, indoda guillotined eJamani, udade wakhe omdala zaziye unakho Uninvented utshaba zitshatyalalisiwe kwihlabathi yokwenene ngendlela efanayo! "Isiqu" imvakalelo lokuqala ukuziphindezela ezingqondweni Ravick, ngenxa reflection, liye lathatyathelw nomnqweno 'bahlaziye nomzabalazo. " Oku iqondwe, uphindo Remarque malunga imfazwe, malunga nesidima sobuntu ukufunda.

"INqaba Triumph" - inoveli nzulu, ifilosofi

Yintoni enye kuzisa umfanekiso loncwadi kunye umdali wayo? umbilini ongaphakathi, nto leyo evumela nje ukusinda amaxesha isibetho brown yobuFasi, kodwa baba ntshaba ezizinzululwazi ideology misanthropic. isimo lwakhe Fascism Remarque akuthethi ukuchaza ngqo. Kuba ngaye - "emajele", "engumkhenkce ubuso ukholo abahlobo," "intaba Petrified ophilayo". Kodwa ibonakala ngokucacileyo ngokusebenzisa amabinzana bobuntu bakhe, ngamanye amaxesha ukubhenca, kwaye maxa wambi nokugxeka. Ukuba artist - ngamnye imivumbo brush - inika umfundi ukuya zokwazisela lwe ngumongo "isibetho brown".

Ethi malunga nendima iincwadi ebomini

Akukho mntu phambi kwakhe; okanye emva akazange abhale iincwadi ukuze ngenyameko. Ngapha koko, ukuba umntu pariah, umntu emigrant indoda ezi "izigaqa metres engena isazela" ngokufuthi na abahlobo kuphela basondeleyo. Kwaye Remarque, yaye uGqr Ravik zidalwe ngaye, ukuba kude ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe, fumana yokuveza umphefumlo iincwadi zokufunda. kuchaphulo olu bulunge Remarque ngazo, abahlobo bokwenene kunye nabacebisi ukuba ukuzeka kade umsindo imiphefumlo, indalo ezingaphathekiyo le misebenzi yabantu!

Ebekuthanda ubuchule Zweig, Dostoevsky, Goethe, uThomas Mann. Kakade ke, musa ukuba iincwadi bulumko kunye elungileyo yoncwadi lwamandulo ezongezelelweyo izinto ngendlela yokuphila. Noko ke, kwii ubhala sakudala German lwekhulu XX, ukuba udale ku umphefumlo womntu i isithintelo gqithi ebubini, akunikayo lwesi sakhi emnyama ungene ebomini bakhe.

Lo mfanekiso umbhali kwi "Arc de Triomphe"

Malunga yombhali ubomi indawo ethi ucaphula Remarque. "Arc de Triomphe ... ekuhlaleni kwakhe ngokukhusela Lingcwaba Soldier Unknown," usebenza njengophawu Europe-ngokubanzi uxolo nozinzo. Kubonwa njenge uhlobo bhokisi ozukileyo wasinda ngokuvela nokuwa kukaNapoleon kwaye umiselwe ukuba asinde ukusilela Hitler. I inoveli efanayo kakhulu ingoma ukuba nembono yaseYurophu zehlabathi esekelwe uthando kunye neemfundiso zabantu: entsha exabisekileyo obengo, ukunyamezelana, lokuyijonga ngeliso ezikhona, ukukulungela ukuzibandakanya kwingxoxo.

Ngaphandle kokuba uGqirha Ravik, abahlala e-Paris kumaxwebhu kwaye kwaphunyezwa, unale nasekusweleni - akukho izindlu esisigxina, hayi kwaqaliswa usapho kunye nabantwana - yinto ekrakra, iingcamango kunye nezenzo zakhe inyani nevulelekileyo. Walandela isazela sakhe, sele ukunceda abantu kwezi meko, apho asebenza nesihluma ngakumbi ukubonisa ukuzingca impakamo.

ezibonisa High ebomini labucala azisoloko ziphawulwe ngokwakhe Remarque. Yena, njengo Mother Teresa, bazama ukunceda wonke umntu. Ngokomzekelo, elinye ibhinqa endisebenza Hans UErich Sohachevera ababhacayo nje ekhayeni lakhe ... imisebenzi akhe zifunwa kwaye ungenise imirhumo, okunene wachitha zonke kwi uncedo ngemali kuye belizwe lakhe - uso.

ukulahlekelwa lobuqu ezimandundu yaba umbhali ngokulahleka umhlobo wakhe - unondaba German Feliksa Mendelsona, owabulawelwa esidlangalaleni, emini lubanzi arhente amaNazi.

Yena umphefumlo unomzi nabantu bakubo, ingakumbi abo e-France. Emva kokuba umsebenzi kweli lizwe yi eJamani abaninzi kubo yaphela kwinkampu yoxinaniso nokufa ... Mhlawumbi yiloo nto ke inqaku Remarque minor ezinkulu kakhulu iphela inoveli yakhe. Yena usweleka edubuleyo lwe umdlali unomona ziyaphikisana yaye zobufazi uJoan. imikhosi yaseJamani wawela umda kufutshane kwikomkhulu isiFrentshi. Ravik kukwasebenza fatalist - Amapolisa aya, endaweni yoko, ukuba ukufihla ...

Ayihambi ngumbhali umoya ezikhethekileyo Paris 30

Bekuya kuba sikweni, sithetha i "Arc de Triomphe", kodwa phawula ixabiso layo zobugcisa zembali. Ukuyifunda, njenge ukuntywilisela emoyeni ye pre-imfazwe ... On kumfanekiso okhethekileyo Paris, nemvelo uphila ubomi obutofotofo, ngokungathi inertia, etha ucaphula Remarque. "Arc de Triomphe" imalunga nankathalo kuluntu French. Ubu yale meko Kucacile.

Yokomfuziselo kwi inkcazo capital French kukujolisa ingqalelo abafundi izakhiwo ezimbini - i-Arc de Triomphe kunye Lingcwaba Soldier engaziwayo.

isiphelo

Reader uluntu inobuso ezininzi ... Thina ngokwenene ezahlukeneyo: amahlwempu kunye nezityebi, ngempumelelo yaye kunzima ngenxa yobukho, ukubona ihlabathi imibala eqaqambileyo kwaye ebonisa ukuba zibe nombala ongwevu. Ngoko ke oko ngazo?

Ndingathanda, sakuwubuza lo mbuzo, abafundi ndiyifumene impendulo yoncwadi lwamandulo, sikhumbula ezinye zezicatshulwa ... Erih sokumakishwa kwakhona, ukuba ukumimitheka kuzimele, phantse zonke iinoveli zakhe, oko wabhenela emphakathini wabantu. Yaye ixabiso layo ephambili ngokokubona umbhali, kufuneka uthando, ubuhlobo, ukunyaniseka, isidima somntu. Umntu nezi mpawu, gqolo kuzisa lukhanyiso, ndifikile ehlabathini encinane apho udla ubomi.

Nangona kunjalo, oku akwanelanga. Kuba "Passport" (.. Ie ngabemi), ngokutsho Remarque, anike umntu ilungelo elinye kuphela - ukuba yindlala ekufeni, "kungekhona isahlala ebaleka." Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba umsebenzi kwishishini ekhethiweyo.

Zonke ezi ziimpawu semvelo Amaqhawe zoncwadi Remarque.